[Measures to preserve the mental health of sailors when working on autonomous surface vessels].

Currently, all sectors of the national economy are subject to rapid processes of digital transformation, which requires the restructuring of both production processes and the improvement of the personnel selection system. The field of maritime transport is no exception, which has recently been focused on the active development of autonomous maritime shipping. The introduction of autonomous ships into operation radically changes the working conditions of ship crew members, including due to a significant reduction in their number. As a result, in the near future, seafarers will be forced not only to work in difficult conditions caused by maritime specifics, but also to experience the additional impact of a limited ship crew. The lack of necessary skills and training among current ship crew members to work in the new realities, as well as the high risk of impairment of their mental health, shows the objective need to find new approaches to the training and selection of seafarers. In order to develop recommendations for improving the rules for training, recruiting and selecting seafarers to work in conditions of a limited ship crew, the article studied regulations and levels of autonomy of sea surface vessels. A survey was conducted among active sailors, which made it possible to identify key problems on the stated issues, and also studied the types of temperament, personality and accentuation.

[Inadequate first medical aid on board a sea vessel as a risk factor for crew members' health].

Currently, one of the most important health and social problems in the world is the constant increase in injuries and deaths at work. Statistics show that timely provision of first aid to victims has a positive effect on further medical support and a reduction in the number of deaths. First aid for crew members of sea vessels is a set of simple medical actions performed by seafarers directly on board the ship, as soon as possible after an injury or illness. As a rule, it is associated with emergency resuscitation of the victim. The lack of necessary skills and training among current ship crew members to carry out first aid operations shows an objective need to develop recommendatory measures to revise the current training system.

[The provision of balanced diet aboard of see-going ship as a measure of defense of health of crew members].

The unreasonable diet is threatening not only by development of hypodynamia but also by loosing job on board of sea vessel. Such diseases of seamen as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, pancreatitis are a basis of non-making or non-extending employment contract. The significant causes of occurrence and development of this category of occupational illness are lacking of proper diet on shipboard that considers conditions of voyages, inadequate qualification training of ship cooks, as well as insufficient funding by particular shipowners daily food allowance of crew members. The article reveals requirements of international and national normative documents regarding organization of proper diet and table service, determines daily diet of crew members of sea and river vessels. The results of survey of active sailors and cadets of higher maritime school regarding the satisfaction of organized diet are discussed. The recommendations to ensure balanced rations on board the ship are proposed.

[The studies of problem of professional hearing loss in crew members of water vessels].

The hearing loss is one of the significant problems in the world. The disease can develop both for genetic reasons and under influence of external factors at work. The noise is the main indicator of occupational risk of hearing loss. Due to influence of noise and vibration, in certain crew members of water vessel develops professional sensorineural hearing loss that subsequently prevents signing of employment contract and continuation of work at sea. This circumstance confirms actuality of stated problematic. The article presents types of sensorineural hearing loss depending on classification criterion. The features of professional activities of seafarers in conditions of strong noise exposure are revealed. The methods of identifying hearing defects in ship crew members are determined. The advisable measures to protect hearing health and to prevent deafness are formulated.

[The support of health maintenance of under age trainees on shipboard].

The international conventions and national state educational standards specify mandatory practical training on shipboard for acquiring through programs of secondary professional education professional habits and skills by students of swimming specialties. For cadets, specified temporary regime of work and rest is established. Other items concerning organization of labor activity, apply to them same rights and obligations as to regular members of crew as declared in ship's role. Since during internship the age of cadets does not exceed 18 years, occurrence of possible disorders of their mental health is urgent concern and high-risk factor for shipowner. The article describes in detail rules of organizing practical training of cadets on shipboard. The responsible persons are identified. The responsibilities of shipowner in relation to trainees are revealed. The current problematic aspects are marked and appropriate preventive measures are proposed.

[The shipboard digital technologies as a measure to prevent health disorders in crew members].

The stress brings on many diseases and causes significant harm to human health. On the board of vessel, the state of increased or high anxiety is conditioned by specifics of profession and impact of rapidly changing external exposures. The organization by shipowner of proper rest conditions for crew members will permit to implement requirements of international and national regulatory documents and to become a preventive measure of reducing number of cases of suicide at sea. The possibilities of physical activity on board are limited. In this regard, application of modern digital technologies in health maintenance is relevant. The article presents guidelines of the Labor Convention of 2006 of assuring recreation conditions for crew members, the basic requirements governing the pro that regulate measures of their health support and medical care. The possible directions of organizing specified conditions to prevent occurrence of stressful situations on ship board are designated.

[The pharmacy tourism. Part II. The prohibitions, limitations and risks at importation of medications by natural persons in the Russian Federation].

The study of peculiarities of handling medications as goods for personal use by natural persons is quite actual in view of complexity of normative legal regulation of procedure under study. The actuality of study is also confirmed by rapidly growing rate of medical tourism and pharmacy tourism (as its part) as dynamically developing economy branch. Within the framework of research study the analysis was applied to procedure of handling medications by natural persons and to present prohibitions, limitations and risks as well. The occurrence of last ones is capable to be resulted in administrative or criminal responsibility. In case of handling medications by natural persons difficulties with identifying particular rules are conditioned by the fact that they are included both in international (Eurasian Economic Union) and national (Russian Federation) normative legal acts. Furthermore, regular alterations of customs legislation sometimes significantly affect customs administration that requires additional research studies to provide clarity of understanding measures of customs regulation. The article presents analysis of normative legal base of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union that regulates import of medications as goods for personal use by individuals, prohibitions and limitations concerning medications handled by natural persons. The consequences of risks in case of non-compliance with prohibitions and limitations are marked. The conclusions on study results are formulated.

[The pharmacy tourism. Part I. The analysis of state of medicinal support of patients with rare diseases].

In Russia, the orphan diseases for many years are the object of intent attention both of the national legislation and health care system. The lower prevalence of these diseases in population causes predicaments to timely diagnosis, drug provision and medical care. Besides, absence of integrated approach to issues of diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases contribute nothing to fast solving of actual problems in this field. Frequently, impossibility to get necessary course of treatment forces patients with orphan diseases to seek for alternative sources. The article assesses current situation with medications support of patients suffering from diseases included in the list of life-threatening and chronic progressive rare (orphan) diseases that result in shortening life-span or disability and diseases included in the Federal Program "The 14 high-cost nosologies". The issues of keeping record of patients and financing medications purchase are touched upon. The study results identified problems of organization of medication support of patients with orphan diseases associated with complexity of accounting their number and absence of integral system of preferential medication support.

[The inopportune repatriation of ship crew members as a threat to mental health disorders].

In case of illness or injury of ship crew member during entire stay on board of the ship and until the end of repatriation, the shipowner is responsible for paying wages in full size and pays all expenses on medical care and arrival at final destination. Due to effect of external and internal factors, mental health of crew members became one of actual modern problems. The article considers main provisions of labor and collective agreement of crew member, determines responsibilities of shipowner for organizing repatriation and appropriate actions when its terms are increased, identifies problematic aspects of disorders of mental health of seaman on board the ship and substantiates possible solutions of modern problems.

[The actual aspects of medical health and life insurance of members of ships' crews].

The Maritime industry plays one of the key role in world economy, occupying central position in becoming unified system of global transportations. At that, crew members ensure necessary vessel seakeeping and high-quality and safe delivery of cargo under contract of sea transportation. In accordance with requirements of the legislation any employer is obliged to insure health and life of employees under professional duties performance. However, this issue has its own specific aspects in shipping. The article considers in detail procedure of insuring health and life of the crew members, considering current trends in medical care support under professional duties performance on voyage. The key problematic aspects are identified. The corresponding recommendations are proposed.

[The Russian pharmaceutical market: the main trends of development and pricing in modern conditions].

The National Russian pharmaceutical market is exposed to strong impact of external environment therefore its transformation is inevitable. Yet, development of market is strategically important for Russia that requires permanent monitoring and timely development of normative documents and target programs focused on supporting of population social guarantees. The global digitization of all industries, including pharmaceutical revealed urgent necessity in shifting accents to area of internet-marketing and internet-trade while elaborating rules of realization of sales of medications. The economical and political actualities of further advancing of concept of import substitution, development of mechanisms of state support of all agents of pharmaceutic market and also strategy of pricing considering transition of trade process to digital rails.

[The problematic aspects of medical care support of members of the crew aboard of sea-going ship].

The modern requirements to business management in maritime industry are manifested not only in operative response to rapidly changing conditions of internal and external environment, but also in necessity in permanent maintenance of ship activity and health of crew members. Despite a thorough medical examination prior to starting professional activity on ship board, seamen may face the need to receive medical care during the time of contract performance. In recent years, drastic changes in procedure of first medical assistance and medical nursing on ship board. Previously, these functions were assigned to ship physician. Currently, medical care is provided by representatives of senior officers of ship crew in accordance with the requirements of international conventions. In this regard, the stated research topic is rather actual. The article describes in detail the procedure of providing medical care on ship board to crew members. Also, the key problems are established and appropriate recommendations are proposed.

[PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF EQUIPPING SEA VESSELS IN TERMS OF STAFFING THE SHIP'S FIRST AID KIT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19].

Today, the presence of specifics in the organization of the work of sea cargo, fishing and passenger ships is indisputable, which affects the difficulties in providing qualified timely medical care in case of need. This issue is especially urgent in the context of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The article carried out a detailed analysis of the regulatory framework governing the formation of the list of ship's first aid kit and formulated the appropriate conclusions and recommendations. In addition, the article developed recommendations for supplementing the ship's list with drugs necessary for the treatment of COVID-19.

[PROBLEMS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPLY OF DRUGS CONTAINING NARCOTIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES OF OVERSEAS VESSEL].

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the issue of protecting the vital functions of crew members on ship's board in conditions of a long voyage and stay in a confined space is urgent. In addition, excluding cases of infection with a new coronavirus infection, one must not forget about the readiness to provide first and subsequent medical assistance in case of urgent need to any crew member, and this can sometimes be done only by using drugs containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in treatment or medical care. The analysis carried out indicates that there is no normative legal regulation of the composition of a first-aid kit in the Russian Federation, and many of the available international documents are for the most part advisory in nature. In this regard, the article carried out a detailed analysis of the regulatory framework governing the procedure for providing ships for overseas navigation with drugs, including those containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, to protect the health of crew members of sea vessels in the context of the spread of COVID-19 and formulated the appropriate conclusions and recommendations.

[Drug turnover in the Russian Federation: customs aspect].

The current state of the Russian pharmaceutical market, its potential and development trends are significant for the state. The medical industry is strategically important, requiring efforts in its maintenance and development, which is reduced to reducing dependence on imported goods and origin. But at the same time, full import substitution in this industry is out of the question. In the context of global globalization and the current state of Affairs, the exchange of experience and medicines as its results is extremely important and relevant. Compliance with customs legislation when importing goods to the territory of the EEU is a fundamental principle of foreign economic activity, including medicines. The article analyzes the procedure for moving medicines, taking into account legislative innovations.