Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy Normalizes Plasma GNA13 Following Schizophrenic Relapse.

OBJECTIVE: GNA13 is an important member of the G protein family, and its coding gene GNA13 has been identified as one of the risk genes for schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GNA13 levels and the clinical symptoms of SCZ following treatment with modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT). METHODS: This study recruited 82 SCZ patients and 86 healthy controls (HCs). Each SCZ patient received 6 sessions of MECT. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess SCZ symptom severity. Plasma levels of GNA13 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Pretreatment, SCZ patients had a higher GNA13 level than HC (t = 8.199, P < 0.001). MECT reduced the GNA13 level significantly (t = 11.13, P < 0.001) and normalized the difference between SCZ and HC (t = 0.219, P = 0.827). After treatment, the downregulation of GNA13 (ΔGNA13) was negatively correlated with the positive symptoms score reduction rate (ΔP) (r = -0.379, P = 0.027) and positively correlated with the negative score reduction rate (ΔN) (r = 0.480, P = 0.004) in females. In both males and females, the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the pretreatment GNA13 level could help differentiate SCZ from HC (male: area under the curve = 0.792, P < 0.001; female: area under the curve = 0.814, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The reduced expression of GNA13 after MECT may be related to the exhibition of both negative and positive symptoms of SCZ in female patients.

Long COVID outcomes following omicron wave in non-hospital population.

Background: The persistence of symptoms or the development of new symptoms following a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 has given rise to a multifaceted clinical condition referred to as "long COVID" (LC). The understanding of LC among China's non-hospitalized population continues to be insufficient. This investigation was designed to evaluate the protracted consequences amongst this demographic, as well as to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: This research constitutes a prospective cohort study focusing on non-hospitalized individuals, aged between 18 and 59, who have been positively diagnosed with COVID-19. Each participant was subjected to a sequence of questionnaire-based surveys, designed to evaluate symptoms as well as the status of depression and anxiety. A logistic regression model, adjusted for multiple variables, was employed to scrutinize the correlation between demographic elements, lifestyle attributes, and health-related risk factors in relation to conditions and symptoms post COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 706 individuals participated in the 3 months follow-up, with 620 continuing on to the 6 months follow-up. The median age was 35 (28, 43) years, and 597 (85%) are female. Upon follow-up, Compared with patients without LC, patients with LC have a higher proportion of females (420 (87%) vs. 177 (79%); p = 0.010), were older (35 (29, 44) years vs. 33 (27, 41) years; p = 0.010) and have more comorbidities. Out of all participants, 483 (68.4%) reported experiencing at least one symptom at the 3 months mark, while 49.7% reported symptoms persisting at the 6 months mark. At the 3 months follow-up, the most prevalent persistent symptoms were cough (46%), fatigue (38%), and shortness of breath (34%). By the 6 months follow-up, fatigue (25%), shortness of breath (22%), and sleep disorders (16%) were the most commonly reported symptoms. Anxiety and depression were consistently reported as prevalent symptoms throughout the follow-up period. Most patient symptoms fade over time, with the quickest decreases observed in cough (from 46 to 9%), expectoration (from 26 to 6.3%), smell disorder (from 16 to 3.9%), and taste disorder (from 18 to 3.5%). Male and those possessing advanced educational qualifications exhibit a decreased susceptibility to the sustained incidence of coughing. Conversely, older age and the presence of comorbidities were identified as risk factors for persistent fatigue and shortness of breath. Conclusion: In the after of COVID-19, it has been observed that the majority of patient symptoms tend to decrease over time. The primary residual symptoms noticed after a 6 month follow-up were fatigue, dyspnea, and sleep disturbances. However, it's noteworthy that the risk factors associated with these symptoms exhibit subtle variations. Furthermore, psychological sequelae, namely depression and anxiety, are frequently reported among COVID-19 survivors.

Analysis of cell mutation types of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the mutation types of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)and better un-derstand the pathogenesis of colorectal nets.Methods Patients undergoing colorectal NETs surgery were recruited,colorectal NETs and corresponding adjacent cancerous tissues were collected,and whole genome sequencing(WGS)was performed and further deeply analyzed.Results WGS sequencing showed that the mutation types of colorectal NETs included single nucleotide mutations,insertion and deletion mutations(InDel,less than 50 bp in length),copy number variations(CNV),and large structural variations(SV,more than 50 bp in length),such as insertion(INS),deletion(DEL),intra chromosomal translocation(ITX),inter chromosomal translocation(CTX)and inversion(INV).Conclusions A large number of somatic mutations occur in colorectal NETs,especially chro-mosome translocation

Application and research progress of nanotechnology in atherosclerosis / 实用医学杂志

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a common cardiovascular disease,and its treatment and prevention have been the focus of medical research.AS an emerging technology,nanotechnology has unique advantages and plays an important role in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of AS.This paper reviews the latest research on the application of nanotechnology in AS diseases,systematically discusses the role of nanotechnology in the diag-nosis and treatment of AS,and comprehensively analyzes the effects of nano-drug carriers based on different sur-face trimmers,loading diagnostic and therapeutic drugs so as to monitordisease progression of AS and its targeted treatment.The aim is to provide new thought for the clinical treatment of AS.

Exploring the efficacy of roxadustat combined with levocarnitine in the treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with diabetic kidney disease based on microvascular complications / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of roxadustat combined with levocarnitine in the treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and its effects on iron metabolism, microinflammation status and microvascular complications.Methods:The clinical data of 89 hemodialysis renal anemia patients with DKD from January 2020 to October 2021 in Beijing Geriatric Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 44 patients (control group)were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin and levocarnitine for renal anemia, and 45 patients (study group) were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin, levocarnitine and roxadustat for renal anemia. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The efficacy was compared between two groups. The laboratory indexes were measured before treatment and after 1, 3 months of treatment, including anemia related indexes such as hemoglobin, red blood cell count and mean corpuscular volume (MCV); iron metabolism indexes such as serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT); inflammatory indexes such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The adverse reactions were recorded. The patients were followed up for 1 year after treatment, the incidence of diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), was recorded.Results:The total effective rate in study group was significantly higher than that in control group: 93.33% (42/45) vs. 77.27% (34/44), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.60, P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the laboratory indexes before treatment between two groups ( P<0.05); the hemoglobin, red blood cell count, MCV, serum iron, ferritin and TSAT after 1 and 3 months of treatment in study group were significantly higher than those in control group, the IL-8, CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in control group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups ( P>0.05). After 1 year follow-up, 2 cases were lost in study group and 3 cases in the control group. The incidence of DR and DPN in study group were significantly lower than those in control group: 0 vs. 14.63% (6/41) and 2.33% (1/43) vs. 19.51% (8/41), and there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.75 and 4.81, P<0.05). Conclusions:Roxadustat combined with levocarnitine in the treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with DKD is reliable and safe, and can effectively relieve anemia symptoms, improve iron metabolism, reduce inflammatory response, and reduce the risk of diabetic microvascular complications.

Effect of Modified Cangfu Daotantang on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Simple Obese Children with Phlegm Dampness and Stagnation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe and compare the intervention effect of modified Cangfu Daotantang on glucose and lipid metabolism in simple obese children with phlegm dampness and stagnation. MethodA total of 60 children with simple obesity were randomly divided into two groups according to the simple randomization method of the random number table. The odd number was included in the test group， and the even number was included in the basic treatment group， with 30 cases in each group. On the basis of signing the informed consent notice， the treatment group was given modified Cangfu Daotantang combined with basic treatment， while the control group was only given basic treatment. After three months of treatment， the body mass index （BMI）， glucose and lipid metabolism level ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）］， the change in the total score of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes， and the effective rate of treatment were observed and compared. ResultAfter treatment， the BMI of the observation group and the control group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the BMI level in the observation group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the observation group and the control group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the observation group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. In addition， the level of TC in the observation group improved significantly compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）. The levels of FPG， FINS， and HOMA-IR in the observation group and the control group were significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， compared with the control group， the levels of FPG， FINS， and HOMA-IR in the observation group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The level of FPG in the observation group was significantly improved compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in the two groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower （P<0.01）. After treatment， the total effective rate of treatment was 86.67% （26/30） in the observation group and 73.33% （22/30） in the control group. By rank sum test， the total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group （Z=-2.100， P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Cangfu Daotantang combined with basic treatment can effectively reduce the BMI of obese children and improve their glucose and lipid metabolism. It has good clinical effects and high clinical application value， which is worth further in-depth research and promotion.

Disulfide bridge-targeted metabolome mining unravels an antiparkinsonian peptide

Peptides are a particular molecule class with inherent attributes of some small-molecule drugs and macromolecular biologics, thereby inspiring continuous searches for peptides with therapeutic and/or agrochemical potentials. However, the success rate is decreasing, presumably because many interesting but less-abundant peptides are so scarce or labile that they are likely 'overlooked' during the characterization effort. Here, we present the biochemical characterization and druggability improvement of an unprecedented minor fungal RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide), named acalitide, by taking the relevant advantages of metabolomics approach and disulfide-bridged substructure which is more frequently imprinted in the marketed peptide drug molecules. Acalitide is biosynthetically unique in the macrotricyclization via two disulfide bridges and a protease (AcaB)-catalyzed lactamization of AcaA, an unprecedented precursor peptide. Such a biosynthetic logic was successfully re-edited for its sample supply renewal to facilitate the identification of the in vitro and in vivo antiparkinsonian efficacy of acalitide which was further confirmed safe and rendered brain-targetable by the liposome encapsulation strategy. Taken together, the work updates the mining strategy and biosynthetic complexity of RiPPs to unravel an antiparkinsonian drug candidate valuable for combating Parkinson's disease that is globally prevailing in an alarming manner.

Expression of CD226 in the small intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in mice / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To observe the expression of adhesion molecule CD226 on the small intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in mice. Methods The bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression of CD226 on murine ILCs. Small intestinal mucosal lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were isolated from wild-type C57BL/6J mice, and the expression of CD226 on ILC1 and ILC3 was detected by flow cytometry. A mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was constructed to observe the changes in the expression of CD226 on ILC3. Results Both ILC1 and ILC3 in the mice small intestine expressed CD226 molecules; the proportion of ILC3 was reduced, while the expression level of CD226 on ILC3 was increased in the colitis model. Conclusion CD226 is expressed on the small intestines of mice, and although the proportion of ILC3 decreases in the DSS-induced colitis, the expression of CD226 on ILC3 increases.

Different Characteristics of Psychological and Sleep Symptoms Across Social Media Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder in Chinese Adolescents- A Network Analysis

Objective@#Previous research has explored a variety of mental disorders associated with Internet Gaming Disoder (IGD) and Social Media Addiction (SMA). To date, few studies focused on the network characteristics and investigated mood and sleep symptoms across SMA and IGD of adolescence at a group-specific level. This study aims to identify different characteristics of IGD and SMA and further determine the group-specific psychopathology process among adolescents. @*Methods@#We conducted a cross-sectional study to recruit a cohort of 7,246 adolescents who were scored passing the cutoff point of Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, as grouped in IGD and SMA, or otherwise into the control group. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were assessed for the current study, and all assessed items were investigated using network analysis. @*Results@#Based on the analytical procedure, the participants were divided into three groups, the IGD group (n=789), SMA group (n=713) and control group (n=5,744). The edge weight bootstrapping analysis shows that different groups of networks reach certain accuracy, and the network structures of the three groups are statistically different (pcontrol-IGD=0.004, pcontrol-SMA<0.001, pIGD-SMA<0.001). The core symptom of SMA is “feeling down, depressed, or hopeless”, while IGD is “feeling tired or having little energy”. @*Conclusion@#Although IGD and SMA are both subtypes of internet addiction, the psychopathology processes of IGD and SMA are different. When dealing with IGD and SMA, different symptoms should be addressed.

Expression and significance of N-WASP in placentas with preeclampsia / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of neural Wiskott-Alrdich syndrome protein(N-WASP)in pla-centas with preeclampsia.Methods This study included a total of 65 pregnant women:15 in the early-onset preeclampsia group,15 in the early-onset control group,15 in the late-onset preeclampsia group,and 20 in the late-onset control group.Real-time fluorescence quan-titative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the relative expression of N-WASP mRNA in placental tissues.Western blotting and immu-nohistochemistry were used to detect the expression and position of N-WASP protein in placental tissues from each group.Results RT-qPCR revealed significantly lower N-WASP mRNA expression levels in the placental tissue of the early-onset preeclampsia group compared to those in the early-onset control group(0.50±0.19 vs.0.93±0.73,P＜0.05).The N-WASP mRNA expression levels in late-onset preeclampsia placenta were significantly lower than those in the late-onset control group(0.83±0.34 vs.1.15±0.34,P＜0.05).Western blotting revealed significantly lower N-WASP protein expression in the placental tissue of early-onset preeclampsia compared to that in the early-onset control group(0.35±0.17 vs.0.72±0.21,P＜0.05).The N-WASP protein expression in late-onset preeclampsia placenta was significantly lower than that in the late-onset control group(0.39±0.16 vs.0.76±0.20,P＜0.05).The N-WASP mRNA expression in the placenta negatively correlated with the occurrence of early-onset(r =-0.37,P = 0.042)and late-onset preeclampsia(r =-0.39,P = 0.019).Immunohistochemistry revealed that N-WASP protein was localized in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts,cytotrophoblasts,villous stromal cells,and vascular endothelial cells.Conclusion The low expression of N-WASP may be closely associated with preeclampsia.

Application of Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Technique to Assess Right Heart Function and Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To assess the right atrial and right ventricular strain and right ventricular-pulmonary artery(RV-PA)coupling in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)via two-dimensional speckle tracking.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with RA in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from June 2020 to June 2022 were prospectively selected,and all RA patients were divided into three groups according to pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),including group A(n=20 cases)with PASP<33 mmHg,group B(n=20 cases)with PASP 33-39 mmHg as mild ePH,and group C(n=20 cases)PASP≥40 mmHg,twenty healthy individuals were selected as the control group.All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography,and right atrial and right ventricular systolic function was assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking technique,and RV-PA coupling was assessed noninvasively by right ventricular free wall strain/pulmonary artery systolic pressure(RV FWS/PASP),pulmonary function was analyzed by pulmonary function instruments.Spearman's analysis was used to analyze the correlation between right heart function and RV-PA coupling to pulmonary diffusion function.Results There were statistical differences in right ventricular base diameter,right atrium diameter,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,inferior vena cava diameter,PASP,right ventricular global strain,RV FWS,right atrium strain-reservoi,right atrium strain-conduit(S-CD),RV FWS/PASP among the four groups(F/H=2.369-74.880,all P<0.05).Right atrium strain-reservoi[(36.0±7.9)%vs.(30.9±7.8)%],right atrium S-CD[(19.9±6.9)%vs.(15.3±4.7)%]and RV FWS/PASP(0.96±0.19 vs.0.56±0.13)in group B were significantly lower than those of group A(t=2.040,2.262,7.704,all P<0.05).There was a good correlation between diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide single-breathmethod and right ventricular global strain,RV FWS,right atrium S-CD and RV FWS/PASP in RA patients(r=0.392,0.472,0.431,0.572,all P<0.05).Conclusion The more increases of pulmonary artery pressures,the more decreases of right heart function in RA patients,and the more uncoupling in RV-PA.Right heart dysfunction and right ventricle-pulmonary artery uncoupling have developed in RA patients with PASP 33-39 mmHg,with association of pulmonary diffusion dysfunction.

HBV serological characteristics between NRR samples and OBI samples of from blood donors in Hefei / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the correlation of HBV serological characteristics between non-reproducible reactivity (NRR) samples and occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) samples for blood screening. 【Methods】 A total of 144 samples with negative ELISA (HBV, HCV and HIV test) results and reactive nucleic acid tests(NAT) were collected from January 2021 to January 2023 in Anhui Blood Center, including 92 reactive samples by TMA method (combined ID-NAT) and 52 HBV DNA reactive samples by PCR method (ID-NAT). Supplementary differential testing and ID-NAT by PCR were performed on the reactive samples of the combined ID-NAT, samples that were non-reactive by both differential testing and ID-NAT by PCR were included in the NRR group, and samples that were reactive for HBV DNA detected by either method were included in the OBI group. Supplemented with HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc tests, the differences in serological pattern and positive rate between NRR samples and OBI samples were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 53 samples were negative for differential testing and ID-NAT and were included in the NRR group, 91 samples were detected as HBV DNA reactive in either method and were included in the OBI group. HBsAg and HBeAg were not detected by serological testing in either group. The detection rates of anti-HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HBe in the NRR group and the OBI group were 64.15% vs 47.25%, 86.79% vs 94.51%, 35.85% vs 52.75%, respectively. Comparison of serological patterns between the two groups: the most frequent pattern in the NRR group was anti-HBs (+ ) and anti-HBc (+ ) (32.08%), and the most frequent pattern in the OBI group was anti-HBe (+ ) and anti-HBc (+ ) (37.36%). 【Conclusion】 There were differences in some of the test results between the NRR samples and the OBI samples in HBV serological testing, and higher anti-HBc positive rate in the NRR samples suggests a higher possibility of HBV infection.

Research on the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior of college students with psychological disorders based on grounded theory.

BACKGROUND: The utilization of short videos by individuals often leads to the emergence of information exchange behavior. Previous studies have shown that certain students with psychological disorders exhibit addictive tendencies towards short video-related software. Therefore, it is essential to address the psychology and behavior of college students with psychological disorders while engaging with short videos. This study aims to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 college students afflicted by psychological disorders in a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, China from September to December 2022. Based on the Grounded theory, we encoded 30 text materials across three levels to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, and subsequently build a model framework. RESULTS: The findings of this study suggest that college students with psychological disorders exhibit negative cognition tendencies that can lead to strongly negative emotions, excacerbated by a lack of social support. These adverse factors collectively drive the consumption of short video content in this demographic, providing a virtual environment where they can fulfill their unmet social needs. Therefore, the mechanism governing short video messages interaction among college students with psychological disorders encompasses negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively analyzes the motivation and complexity of college students with psychological disorders in short video interaction. Although short videos provide this group with some ways of self-expression and emotional support, they still have a negative impact on their physical and mental health. The short video interaction of college students with psychological disorders is affected by many factors, including their negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. These findings deepened our understanding to the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, also provided us with guidance on facilitating the proper use of short video and maintaining the mental health. In future researches, researchers can discuss more about intervention measures to help this demographic cope with the challenges from short video interaction.

Quercetin-targeted AKT1 regulates the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to protect against doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in mice.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antitumor agent commonly used in clinical practice, which has some nephrotoxicity and is often used to establish mouse models of kidney injury for basic medical research. This study will investigate the protective effect of quercetin on renal function in doxorubicin-induced nephropathy mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, model, and quercetin low-, and high-dose groups. Serum and urine were collected to analyze markers of kidney function. H&E staining was used to detect pathological changes in renal tissues. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the ultrastructural changes in renal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the changes of Ang II. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the changes of cytokines. ELISA was used to detect changes in serum inflammatory factors. Molecular docking was performed to verify the targeting relationship between quercetin and AKT1. Western blot was performed to detect Bax, Bcl-2, Cyt-c, AKT1, Raf, MEK, and ERK proteins. RESULTS: Quercetin could induce the recovery of kidney function in kidney-injured mice; H&E results showed that kidney tissue damage and tissue fibrosis were reduced in kidney-injured mice under quercetin. The mitochondrial swollen structure was destroyed by doxorubicin, while the mitochondrial structure was restored under quercetin. The levels of abnormal apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were regulated to normal by quercetin. The high expression of Ang II caused by doxorubicin was down-regulated by quercetin. Abnormal inflammatory factors caused by doxorubicin were reversed by quercetin. Western blot experiments showed that quercetin regulated the protein levels of AKT1 and Raf/MEK/ERK and inhibited the detrimental effects of doxorubicin. CONCLUSION: Quercetin may mitigate doxorubicin-induced kidney injury in mice by regulating renal cell inflammatory factors and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway through AKT1 to promote recovery of renal function.

Downregulation of cardiac PIASy inhibits Cx43 SUMOylation and ameliorates ventricular arrhythmias in a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Dysfunction of the gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Cx43 can be regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y (PIASy) is an E3 SUMO ligase for its target proteins. However, whether Cx43 is a target protein of PIASy and whether Cx43 SUMOylation plays a role in I/R-induced arrhythmias are largely unknown.@*METHODS@#Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with PIASy short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) using recombinant adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (rAAV9). Two weeks later, the rats were subjected to 45 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion. Electrocardiogram was recorded to assess arrhythmias. Rat ventricular tissues were collected for molecular biological measurements.@*RESULTS@#Following 45 min of ischemia, QRS duration and QTc intervals statistically significantly increased, but these values decreased after transfecting PIASy shRNA. PIASy downregulation ameliorated ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial I/R, as evidenced by the decreased incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and reduced arrythmia score. In addition, myocardial I/R statistically significantly induced PIASy expression and Cx43 SUMOylation, accompanied by reduced Cx43 phosphorylation and plakophilin 2 (PKP2) expression. Moreover, PIASy downregulation remarkably reduced Cx43 SUMOylation, accompanied by increased Cx43 phosphorylation and PKP2 expression after I/R.@*CONCLUSION@#PIASy downregulation inhibited Cx43 SUMOylation and increased PKP2 expression, thereby improving ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic/reperfused rats heart.

Changes in HIV prevalence and intervention service utilization among MSM under sentinel monitoring in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in HIV， syphilis and hepatitis C prevalence among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Taizhou City， Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022， and the utilization of HIV intervention services and its influencing factors. MethodsMSM participants were recruited from HIV sentinel surveillance in Taizhou through snowball sampling method. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics， sexual behavior characteristics， knowledge of HIV and utilization of HIV intervention services were collected and statistically described by questionnaire survey. Blood samples from MSM sentinel population were also collected for HIV， syphilis， and HCV antibody testing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for utilizing HIV intervention services among MSM. ResultsA total of 2 499 MSM were included in the analysis from 2017 to 2022， with HIV prevalence of 5.8%， syphilis prevalence of 4.0%， and HCV prevalence of 0.6%. The infection rate， proportion of homosexual anal sex and heterosexual sex showed a decreasing trend， while the proportion of condom use during homosexual anal sex， condom publicity and distribution， AIDS consultation and testing， acceptance of peer education， and online temporary homosexual sex showed an increasing trend. All these differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=1.66， 95%CI：1.04‒2.64） and HIV knowledge awareness （aOR=2.57， 95%CI：1.22‒5.40） were positively correlated with increased acceptance of condom publicity and distribution， and utilization of AIDS counseling and testing. Those who sought male sexual partners through offline route （aOR=3.44， 95%CI： 1.16‒10.21）， and had a history of sexually transmitted diseases within one year （aOR=5.47， 95%CI： 1.04‒28.76） were positively correlated with community-based methadone maintenance therapy， clean needle provision and exchange services， while COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=0.35， 95%CI： 0.14‒0.88） was negatively correlated with the utilization of these services. COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=2.11， 95%CI： 1.54‒2.89）， HIV knowledge awareness （aOR=2.09， 95%CI： 1.08‒4.02）， offline search for male sexual partners （aOR=1.47， 95%CI： 1.03‒2.11）， and awareness of HIV infection of sexual partners （aOR=2.09， 95%CI： 1.62‒2.69） were positively correlated with the increased use of peer education service， while married or cohabited （aOR=0.73， 95%CI： 0.55‒0.98） and VCT （aOR=0.61， 95%CI： 0.46‒0.82） were negatively correlated with utilization of peer education service. ConclusionHIV infection rate of sentinel MSM population in Taizhou decreases， while the utilization of HIV intervention services increases in general. Targeted measures should be developed according to the changes in sexual behavior and HIV intervention services among MSM populations in Taizhou to improve the HIV intervention services for the MSM population.

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of parents′ participation in emotional management of adolescents with affective disorder / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the barriers and facilitators to parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management and to provide a basis for healthcare professionals to develop interventions for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management.Methods:Use of purposive sampling method from July to December 2021, 16 face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with fathers or mothers of adolescents with affective disorders from the Third Hospital of Daqing City, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Refining the theme from two aspects, one was the hindering factors: parents′ own factors including lack of knowledge about the disease, little time for companionship, poor emotional control, inappropriate communication style, and poor couple relationship; the child′s own factors including pathological factors, personality; environmental factors including academic stress, interpersonal relationships; economic factors including high cost of treatment, life stress. The other was the facilitating factors: support from others including family support, professional help; positive coping including finding coping strategies, change of mindset.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should pay attention to these influencing factors and construct a program for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management from various aspects, so that parents can actively participate in their children′s emotion management and promote the rehabilitation of emotionally disturbed adolescents.

Clinical and molecular genetic study of a Chinese Han family with X-linked retinoschisis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To study the clinical phenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of a Chinese Han family with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), and to determine the associated gene variations.Methods:A pedigree investigation was performed.The clinical characteristics and pedigree analysis of a Han Chinese family line with XLRS was conducted in August 2021 at the Xiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University.All patients and the carriers underwent comprehensive medical history collection and routine ophthalmological examinations, including visual acuity, non-contact tonometer, slit lamp microscope, direct ophthalmoscope, and optical coherence tomography.The proband and some patients underwent medical optometry, fundus photography or wide-angle fundus photography, and electroretinogram examination.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the family members, and whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was performed on the proband samples.For variants screened by WES, the expanded verification in other patients and normal persons in the family was carried out by Sanger sequencing.Multiple bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the pathogenicity of variants.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.XMYKZX-KY-2021-012). Written informed consent forms were obtained from each subject or guardian of minors.CADD, FATHMM and other bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the pathogenicity of the variation sites.Results:The Han XLRS pedigree consisted of 8 individuals in 3 generations.Out of the 3 cases diagnosed with XLRS based on clinical evaluation, all were male.The mother of the proband was a carrier of related genes.There were 5 persons with normal phenotypes.There was no history of consanguineous marriages within the family, and the disease was shown to be intergenerational, which is consistent with the recessive inheritance of the X chromosome.None of the patients had a history of systemic disease or any other abnormal manifestations.The prevailing feature of ophthalmopathy was poor binocular vision since childhood.The proband and his younger brother had spoke split in the macula, and their grandfather showed atrophy of retinal nerve fibers.Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous variation c. 214G>C: p.Glu72Gln in the RS1 gene in all the patients in this family.The proband's mother was heterozygous at this site, and all other phenotypically normal family members exhibited wild type at this site.This variant was predicted to be a deleterious variation and likely to cause disease based on bioinformatics analysis. Conclusions:The proband and patients in this Han Chinese family have the known c. 214G>C: p.Glu72Gln hemizygous variation of the RS1 gene and exhibit mild XLRS, which was consistent with the recessive inheritance of X chromosome.

Associations between the sense of school belonging and mental health status among medical students during the post-epidemic period / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the status of medical students' sense of school belonging and its relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 629 full-time students from 8 medical universities. The 18-item psychological sense of school membership scale (PSSM-18), 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used as measurements. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlations between PSSM-18, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the impact of lack of school belonging on depression and anxiety symptoms.Results:The mean score of school belonging was (77.31±14.12), and the detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.97% (423/1 629) and 21.92% (357/1 629), respectively. PSSM-18 score was negatively correlated with PHQ-9 scores ( r=-0.52, P<0.001) and GAD-7 scores ( r= -0.49, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, students with low school belongingness had 4.33 times the risk of depression symptoms ( OR=4.33, 95%CI=2.48-7.43) and 5.85 times the risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR= 5.85, 95%CI=3.76-8.15) compared to students with high school belongingness. Conclusion:Lack of school belonging increases the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms. Under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, the school should strengthen health education and support services to improve the students' sense of belonging and alleviate their mental health problems.

Correlation of cognitive function and clinical characteristics in adolescent depressive disorder patients with self-injury behavior / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and addiction, impulsivity, and anhedonia in adolescent depressive disorder patients with self-injury behavior.Methods:From September 2021 to October 2022, adolescents with depressive disorders who visited the outpatient department of the Qingdao Mental Health Center were enrolled and divided into self-injury group and non self-injury group based on the presence or absence of self-injury behaviors, each with 60 participants.A self-compiled general information questionnaire, the 17 items Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), the Ottawa self-injury inventory (OSI), the Chinese version of the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), and the temporal experience of pleasure scale(TEPS) were used to evaluate both groups.The Chinese brief cognitive test(C-BCT) was used to assess cognitive function in both groups.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including t-test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The self-injury group had higher scores for OSI addiction factors (9.43±8.29) and BIS-11 (67.09±11.48) compared to the non self-injury group (OSI addiction factor scores: 0, BIS-11 scores: 53.70±7.12, t=6.22, 5.91, both P<0.05). TEPS score and C-BCT scores in various dimensions were lower in the self-injury group than those in the non self-injury group ( t=-2.93, -2.01, -2.88, -2.20, -5.35, all P<0.05). Information processing speed was negatively correlated with BIS-11 score ( r=-0.296, P<0.05), and attention score were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.303, -0.561, both P<0.05) and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.364, P<0.05), including a positive correlation with the scale of anticipatory anhedonia score ( r=0.318, P<0.05). Working memory score was negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.312, -0.416, both P<0.05). Comprehensive ability and executive function scores were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.308, -0.679, both P<0.05), and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.304, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BIS-11 scores were influencing factors of C-BCT dimensions ( β=-0.260, -0.592, -0.557, -1.797, t=-2.150, -3.314, -2.285, -5.165, all P<0.05). Conclusion:In adolescent depressive patients with self-injury, cognitive function is correlated with addiction, impulsivity and anhedonia, among which impulsivity is a risk factor for cognitive function.