Orthognathic treatment for a patient with facial asymmetry associated with unilateral scissors-bite and a collapsed mandibular arch.

Subapical mandibular surgeries have been used to correct vertical malocclusion and interdental problems associated with mandibular deformity. Subapical surgery to the anterior part of the mandible is applicable in many patients with anterior open bite and deepbite. Surgery of the posterior part of the mandible is needed less frequently than surgery of the anterior part. This case report describes the surgical-orthodontic treatment of a 21-year-old woman who underwent posterior subapical mandibular surgery. Her chief complaint was facial asymmetry, and she had a collapsed mandibular arch with a scissors-bite of the right premolars and molars. After subapical osteotomy, surgically assisted correction of the collapsed right mandibular arch was performed with a lingual arch appliance. Comprehensive orthodontic treatment was initiated in both arches after this correction. Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy were used to correct the facial asymmetry. Her facial appearance and temporomandibular problems were markedly improved, and she achieved a functional and stable occlusion after these treatments. This case report demonstrates the efficiency of posterior subapical mandibular surgery for a patient with a collapsed mandibular arch and a scissors-bite.

Genome wide analysis of TNF-inducible genes reveals that antioxidant enzymes are induced by TNF and responsible for elimination of ROS.

We recently showed that TNF induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediates necrosis in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from TRAF2- and TRAF5-double deficient (DKO) mice. To elucidate the defects that subsequently cause accumulation of ROS in DKO MEFs, we compared gene expression profiles of wild-type and DKO MEFs before and after TNF stimulation using cDNA microarrays. Interestingly, many antioxidant enzymes are induced by TNF in wild-type MEFs, induction of these genes is impaired in DKO MEFs. Taken that TNF induces accumulation of ROS in DKO, but not wild-type MEFs, upregulation of antioxidant enzyme(s) might play a crucial role in elimination of ROS.

Systematic expression profiling of the mouse transcriptome using RIKEN cDNA microarrays.

The number of known mRNA transcripts in the mouse has been greatly expanded by the RIKEN Mouse Gene Encyclopedia project. Validation of their reproducible expression in a tissue is an important contribution to the study of functional genomics. In this report, we determine the expression profile of 57,931 clones on 20 mouse tissues using cDNA microarrays. Of these 57,931 clones, 22,928 clones correspond to the FANTOM2 clone set. The set represents 20,234 transcriptional units (TUs) out of 33,409 TUs in the FANTOM2 set. We identified 7206 separate clones that satisfied stringent criteria for tissue-specific expression. Gene Ontology terms were assigned for these 7206 clones, and the proportion of 'molecular function' ontology for each tissue-specific clone was examined. These data will provide insights into the function of each tissue. Tissue-specific gene expression profiles obtained using our cDNA microarrays were also compared with the data extracted from the GNF Expression Atlas based on Affymetrix microarrays. One major outcome of the RIKEN transcriptome analysis is the identification of numerous nonprotein-coding mRNAs. The expression profile was also used to obtain evidence of expression for putative noncoding RNAs. In addition, 1926 clones (70%) of 2768 clones that were categorized as "unknown EST," and 1969 (58%) clones of 3388 clones that were categorized as "unclassifiable" were also shown to be reproducibly expressed.

The mouse secretome: functional classification of the proteins secreted into the extracellular environment.

We have developed a computational strategy to identify the set of soluble proteins secreted into the extracellular environment of a cell. Within the protein sequences predominantly derived from the RIKEN representative transcript and protein set, we identified 2033 unique soluble proteins that are potentially secreted from the cell. These proteins contain a signal peptide required for entry into the secretory pathway and lack any transmembrane domains or intracellular localization signals. This class of proteins, which we have termed the mouse secretome, included >500 novel proteins and 92 proteins <100 amino acids in length. Functional analysis of the secretome included identification of human orthologs, functional units based on InterPro and SCOP Superfamily predictions, and expression of the proteins within the RIKEN READ microarray database. To highlight the utility of this information, we discuss the CUB domain-containing protein family.

Analysis of the mouse transcriptome for genes involved in the function of the nervous system.

We analyzed the mouse Representative Transcript and Protein Set for molecules involved in brain function. We found full-length cDNAs of many known brain genes and discovered new members of known brain gene families, including Family 3 G-protein coupled receptors, voltage-gated channels, and connexins. We also identified previously unknown candidates for secreted neuroactive molecules. The existence of a large number of unique brain ESTs suggests an additional molecular complexity that remains to be explored.A list of genes containing CAG stretches in the coding region represents a first step in the potential identification of candidates for hereditary neurological disorders.

Analysis of gene expression involved in brain metastasis from breast cancer using cDNA microarray.

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases occur in 15% to 30% of breast cancer patients, usually as a late event. The patterns of metastases to different organs are determined by the tumor cell phenotype and interactions between the tumor cells and the organ environment. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profile occurring in brain metastases from a breast cancer cell line. We used cDNA microarrays to compare patterns of gene expression between the mouse breast cancer cell line Jyg MC (A) and a subline that often metastasis to brain, (B). RESULTS: By Microarray analysis about 350 of 21,000 genes were significantly up-regulated in Jyg MC (B). Many candidate genes that may be associated with the establishment of brain metastasis from breast cancer were included. Interestingly, we found that the expression of astrocyte derived cytokine receptors (IL-6 receptor, TGF-beta receptor and IGF receptor) were significantly increased in Jyg MC (B) cells. These results were confirmed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cytokines produced by glial cells in vivo may contribute, in a paracrine manner, to the development of brain metastases from breast cancer cells.