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BACKGROUND: Histo-endoscopic outcomes are being proposed as new treatment targets in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Little is known about the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynnamic [PK-PD] relationship of ustekinumab [UST] in UC patients or whether serum UST concentrations reflect tissue drug exposure. We aimed to study UST serum concentrations and their relation to tissue exposure and drug effectiveness in a real-world setting. METHODS: A total of 42 UC patients starting UST were prospectively followed by clinical, endoscopic and histological assessments at Week 16. Histological remission was defined as Nancy Histology Index of 0. Analogous to the UNIFI programme, histo-endoscopic mucosal improvement was defined as a combination of histological improvement [Geboes ≤3.1] and endoscopic improvement [MES ≤1]. Paired trough serum samples and colonic mucosal biopsies were collected for UST levels measurement. RESULTS: After 16 weeks [IQR 15.8-16.4] of therapy, histological remission and histo-endoscopic mucosal improvement were observed in 19 [45%] and 18 [43%] patients, respectively. Patients who achieved these outcomes had higher serum UST levels than those who did not. Patients with shorter disease duration and clinical response at Week 8 had higher odds to achieve histological remission. UST concentrations from paired serum and biopsy samples revealed a strong positive correlation [r = 0.88, p < 0.001], in both inflamed and uninflamed tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world cohort of refractory UC patients initiating UST, more than a third of the patients achieved histological remission. A drug exposure-response relationship was observed for histo-endoscopic outcomes, with no added value of measuring tissue exposure given the strong correlation with serum exposure.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Ustekinumab/uso terapêutico , Endoscopia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Indução de Remissão , ColonoscopiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To study infliximab (IFX) pharmacokinetics in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during induction therapy to predict outcome and explore if other covariates influenced outcome. STUDY DESIGN: All children with IBD starting IFX therapy (5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 12) for active luminal disease from May 2017 to May 2019 were included and followed prospectively. Patients were sampled at multiple timepoints during induction (trough concentrations and peak concentration at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 12, and intermediate concentration at weeks 1-4). IFX concentrations and cumulative drug exposure were correlated with outcome at 6 months. Endoscopic remission was defined as Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease of <3 or Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0, and deep remission as endoscopic with clinical remission (Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index/Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index of <10). RESULTS: There were 252 serum induction concentrations obtained from 32 patients (81% on concomitant thiopurines). Children in endoscopic remission (all in deep remission) at 6 months had significantly higher drug concentrations from week 4 onward. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis identified IFX trough concentrations at week 12 of ≥5.0 µg/mL and area under the curve at weeks 0-12 of ≥4056.0 µg∗day/mL as the minimal target to achieve endoscopic remission at 6 months (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.796 [95% CI, 0.62-0.97] and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.778 [95% CI, 0.61-0.94], respectively). In addition, our findings suggest that proteomic analysis may help to understand IFX response. CONCLUSIONS: Higher IFX exposure during induction therapy in pediatric patients with IBD is associated with significantly better endoscopic and deep remission rates at 6 months. Drug concentrations differentiate remitters from nonremitters from week 4 after induction onward.
Assuntos
Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/sangue , Indução de Remissão , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
An association between vedolizumab (VDZ) trough concentrations and therapeutic outcome has been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. VDZ samples are typically collected via venous sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), but can alternatively be collected via dried blood spot (DBS) samples, which can be used for intensive sampling to investigate pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, we have developed a DBS method for determining VDZ concentrations and validated this method by comparing VDZ measurements in paired DBS and venous patient samples. First, VDZ was spiked in citrated whole blood and spotted on filter paper. After drying, DBS were extracted and VDZ concentrations were determined in the extracts using ELISA. For clinical validation, 41 paired DBS and serum samples were collected from 19 VDZ-treated patients. VDZ concentrations measured in DBS extracts strongly correlated with serum concentrations (Pearson râ¯=â¯0.978, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). No significant impact of the hematocrit value was observed on the VDZ DBS/serum concentration ratios. Additionally, the VDZ DBS/serum ratio was calculated in nine individual patients, which was, in general, shown to be stable over time. VDZ DBS sampling is a robust method that can be used as an alternative to venous blood collection for TDM of VDZ. VDZ concentrations in DBS highly correlated with VDZ serum concentrations over a broad concentration range, allowing DBS to be used for intensive sampling to gain more insight in VDZ pharmacokinetics.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/análise , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/análise , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacocinética , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Limite de Detecção , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anti-drug-antibodies (ADA) against infliximab are frequently measured in patients receiving infliximab treatment with loss of response and undetectable infliximab concentrations. Different ADA bridging assays (1st generation, 2nd generation and ready-to-use kit) have been developed successively and were applied over the last 10 years, making comparison between ADA concentrations very challenging. A cutoff of 8⯵g/ml was established to discriminate low from high ADA concentrations using the 1st generation ADA bridging assay. The objective of this study was to enable comparison of ADA concentrations determined with the different assays that were developed over the years. METHODS: 166 serum samples were collected from patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab. 98 samples were measured simultaneously with the 1st and 2nd generation ADA assay, 67 serum samples were measured with the 2nd generation assay and the ready-to-use kit. RESULTS: From our ADA concentration comparison experiments, we deduced that the previously established cutoff of 8⯵g/ml with the 1st generation ELISA has a similar impact as the cutoff of 374â¯ng/ml with the 2nd generation ELISA and a cutoff of 119â¯ng/ml in the ready-to-use ELISA kit. CONCLUSION: ADA concentrations measured with the different assays were compared and a cutoff concentration was determined for each of them to distinguish between low and high ADA concentrations. These cutoff concentrations may serve as a tool for clinicians to make treatment decisions for patients with a loss of response to infliximab and undetectable infliximab serum concentrations.
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Anticorpos/sangue , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/imunologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/imunologia , Anticorpos/imunologia , Calibragem , Tomada de Decisão Clínica/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/normas , Resistência a Medicamentos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/instrumentação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/normas , Estudos de Viabilidade , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/imunologia , Infliximab/administração & dosagem , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vedolizumab has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]. Endoscopic outcome data are limited, especially in anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] naïve patients. The present study compared endoscopic outcome in anti-TNF naïve and exposed patients, and explored if this was affected by drug exposure. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed all patients initiating vedolizumab at our tertiary referral centre since 2015. For UC, endoscopic improvement was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1 at week 14. For CD, endoscopic remission was defined as absence of ulcerations at week 22. Vedolizumab trough concentrations were measured at week 6, week 14 and during maintenance. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients were identified [53.3% CD], 20% of them being anti-TNF naïve. Endoscopic improvement was achieved by 56.1% of UC patients and endoscopic remission by 39.1% of CD patients. Endoscopic outcomes were significantly better in anti-TNF naïve vs exposed patients [all: 67.2% vs 42.0%, p = 0.0002; UC: 74.4% vs 50.0%, p = 0.02; CD: 57.1% vs 35.8%, p = 0.03]. Achievement of endoscopic end points significantly impacted long-term treatment continuation [p = 9.7 × 10-13]. A better endoscopic outcome was associated with significantly higher drug exposure in both CD and UC. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this observational, single-centre real-life study suggest that vedolizumab may induce endoscopic remission in both CD and UC. Although anti-TNF naïve patients had a significantly better outcome, 42% of anti-TNF exposed patients still benefited endoscopically. A clear exposure-endoscopic response relationship exists, but not all patients will benefit from treatment intensification. Hence, predictive biomarkers remain necessary. PODCAST: This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/fisiopatologia , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/fisiopatologia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/administração & dosagem , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 has increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, doubts about switching from infliximab originator to biosimilar still exist among patients and health care professionals. METHODS: Our tertiary referral center underwent a mandatory switch from infliximab originator to CT-P13 in 2017. We investigated pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of this switch. The primary endpoint was infliximab discontinuation within 6 months of switching. Secondary endpoints included loss of clinical remission, need for treatment optimization, adverse events, evolution of patient-reported outcome, C-reactive protein, infliximab trough levels, and antidrug-antibodies. RESULTS: A total of 361 patients (54.0% male, 70.0% Crohn's disease, 55.6% in clinical remission) were enrolled. Infliximab discontinuation within 6 months was observed in 4%. Loss of clinical remission, adverse events, and antidrug-antibodies were identified in only 2.0%, 2.2%, and 1.1% of patients, respectively. C-reactive protein concentrations and infliximab trough levels remained stable. Independent factors associated with remission at 6 months were lower PRO2 at switch (HR 6.024; 95% CI, 4.878-8.000; P < 0.0001) and higher hemoglobin levels (HR 1.383; 95% CI, 1.044-2.299; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from infliximab originator to CT-P13 was not associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation, loss of clinical remission, or adverse events. No significant changes in infliximab trough levels or immunogenicity could be identified.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos Biossimilares/uso terapêutico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Medicamentos Biossimilares/efeitos adversos , Colite Ulcerativa/sangue , Doença de Crohn/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Infliximab/sangue , Infliximab/farmacocinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Background: The relationship between vedolizumab trough levels and combined endoscopic and clinical remission is unknown. Objective: To compare vedolizumab trough levels in patients with and without combined remission within the first year of treatment. Methods: We prospectively collected vedolizumab trough levels in 51 consecutive patients (28 Crohn's disease (CD) and 23 ulcerative colitis (UC)) before all infusions up to week 22, and at weeks 38 and 54, with concentrations measured after study completion. Centrally read endoscopy was performed at a median of 46 weeks. The primary outcome was combined endoscopic (CD: Simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) < 4 without ulceration; UC: Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤ 1) and clinical remission (CD: resolution of abdominal pain; UC: resolution of rectal bleeding; both: resolution of altered bowel habit). Results: Median vedolizumab trough levels at weeks 6 (25.7 vs 15.6 µg/mL; P = 0.015) and 22 (15.1 vs 4.9 µg/mL; P = 0.001) were higher in patients with combined remission. A threshold of 22 µg/mL at week 6 (area under the curve (AUC) 0.733; 95% confidence interval 0.567-0.899) and 8 µg/mL at week 22 (AUC 0.819; 95% confidence interval 0.692-0.946) predicted combined remission. Conclusion: Early vedolizumab trough levels predicted combined endoscopic and clinical remission highlighting their possible use in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Colonoscopia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Indução de Remissão , Retratamento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: Very little is known about the impact of the wash-out period on the pharmacokinetics of a second-line biologic. Objective: The objective of this article is to explore the impact of two different wash-out periods on the pharmacokinetics of vedolizumab and infliximab. Methods: Patients switching from infliximab to vedolizumab were retrospectively identified. The population was divided into two groups according to wash-out period: <6 weeks or >6 weeks. Vedolizumab and infliximab trough levels (TLs) were determined and correlated with clinical and biological outcomes. Results: A total of 71 inflammatory bowel disease patients were included. At week 6, in patients previously treated with infliximab, median vedolizumab TLs were 21.9 µg/ml and 24.9 µg/ml for the <6 weeks and >6 weeks wash-out period, respectively (p = 0.31), whereas median residual infliximab TLs were 0.5 µg/ml and 0 µg/ml (p = 0.034). The rate of treatment discontinuation was similar (p = 0.64), and the infectious events were six and two for the <6 weeks and >6 weeks wash-out period, respectively (p = 0.12) by week 30. Conclusions: This study suggests clinicians may not need to be concerned about the impact of wash-out period on the pharmacokinetics of the second-line biologic when switching infliximab to vedolizumab. More data are required on the impact of wash-out period on safety.
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BACKGROUND: Vedolizumab (VDZ) is effective as an induction and maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but, as observed with antitumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFα) agents, some patients are nonetheless experiencing loss of response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the pharmacokinetics of VDZ during induction on long-term treatment response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study focused on a single cohort of 103 inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with VDZ. VDZ trough levels (TLs) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n=536 samples), and thereafter correlated to clinical, biological, endoscopic and serological data. For patients exposed previously to infliximab, antibodies to infliximab were measured at baseline. On the basis of the outcome at the end of follow-up, patients were then categorized into long-term response, optimized and treatment failure groups. RESULTS: During VDZ induction, at week 6, inflammatory bowel disease patients with long-term response had higher TLs compared with patients in the treatment failure group (33 vs. 24 µg/ml, P=0.02). A cut-off TL of 28 µg/ml predicted a sustained response in the follow-up with an area under curve of 0.723 (95% confidence interval=0.567-0.878, P=0.02). Patients with mucosal healing in maintenance had higher TLs at week 6 (41.65 µg/ml) compared with patients with mild (26 µg/ml) or severe endoscopic activity (20.8 µg/ml), P=0.009. Positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody serology was associated with lower TLs. Patients previously exposed to anti-TNFα had lower TLs than naive patients (22.5 vs. 36 µg/ml, P=0.03) without any impact of detectable antibodies to infliximab. Finally, the presence of an immunomodulator at induction did not impact on VDZ TLs at induction. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that a drug exposure-efficacy association was found early on at induction. This study emphasizes that previous exposure to anti-TNFα and positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody serology are important factors influencing VDZ TLs at induction.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/sangue , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/sangue , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Indução/métodos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia de Manutenção/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Falha de Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ileocolonic expression of IL13RA2 has been identified as a predictive marker for nonresponsiveness to infliximab (IFX) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). AIM: To validate the IL13RA2 biomarker, study its anti-TNF specificity and get a better understanding of the underlying biology driving its expression. METHODS: IL13RA2 mucosal expression was studied in a cohort of adalimumab and vedolizumab treated patients. To identify the upstream regulators of anti-TNF nonresponsiveness, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied on publicly available microarray data of IFX-treated patients. Selected serum proteins, including TNF, were measured prior to first IFX exposure and compared between healers and nonhealers. RESULTS: Increased mucosal IL13RA2 expression prior to start of biological therapy was predictive for anti-TNF nonresponsiveness specifically (AUROC, area under the curve = 0.90, P < 0.001 in anti-TNF vs AUROC = 0.63, P = 0.30 in vedolizumab treated patients). In baseline biopsies, TNF-driven pathways were significantly enriched in future anti-TNF nonhealers (P = 5.0 × 10-34 ). We found an increased baseline mucosal TNF burden in nonhealers (P = 0.02), and TNF mRNA correlated significantly with IL13RA2 expression (ρ = 0.55, P = 0.02). Baseline serum TNF levels were significantly lower in nonhealers (P = 0.04), and correlated inversely with IFX serum induction levels (r = -0.45, P = 0.002 at week 6). CONCLUSIONS: Increased mucosal IL13RA2 expression is associated with an increased mucosal TNF burden in CD patients. In view of its specificity for prediction of anti-TNF therapy resistance, mucosal IL13RA2 expression is a potential biomarker for therapy selection and/or for the need of increased anti-TNF drug dosing.
Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/metabolismo , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Subunidade alfa2 de Receptor de Interleucina-13/biossíntese , Mucosa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adalimumab/farmacologia , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Doença de Crohn/genética , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Infliximab/farmacologia , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Subunidade alfa2 de Receptor de Interleucina-13/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pivotal GEMINI trials reported low immunogenicity of vedolizumab. However, anti-vedolizumab antibodies (AVA) are frequently underestimated because most assays are not drug-tolerant and unable to detect antidrug antibodies while there is drug in the circulation. This study aimed to explore which antidrug antibody assay is best suited to detect AVA and investigated immunogenicity of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients discontinuing vedolizumab therapy. METHODS: A drug-tolerant affinity capture elution (ACE) assay was developed for the measurement of AVA in the presence of vedolizumab and compared with the previously established drug-resistant and drug-sensitive assays. Vedolizumab and AVA were measured at week 6, at the last infusion, and 12-20 weeks after treatment discontinuation in a cohort of 40 vedolizumab-treated IBD patients who stopped treatment due to primary non-response, loss of response, or adverse events. RESULTS: The drug-tolerant ACE assay could detect AVA in samples that the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive assays were unable to. Using the drug-tolerant ACE assay, 3 (8%) out of 40 vedolizumab-treated IBD patients who discontinued therapy were AVA positive at week 6, whereas no AVA were detected at the last infusion nor after treatment discontinuation. Primary non-responders had numerically lower median vedolizumab concentrations at week 6 compared with patients with loss of response (20.3 vs 30.7 µg/mL, respectively, P = 0.0570). CONCLUSIONS: Immunogenicity of vedolizumab is not the driving force of treatment failure, and AVA do not increase upon treatment discontinuation in vedolizumab-treated IBD patients. Underexposure during induction might partially be responsible for primary non-response.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Biomarcadores/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/sangue , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/imunologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacocinética , Humanos , Masculino , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Development of a dried blood spot (DBS) method for golimumab will facilitate sample collection in a study setting and will give a more complete insight in the total drug exposure (area under the curve, AUC). We established a DBS method and assessed its robustness, user-friendliness and clinical usefulness in 10 patients with ulcerative colitis during golimumab induction and maintenance regimens. DBS was obtained through spotting of golimumab spiked in whole citrated blood to a filter paper. Several extraction conditions were evaluated and the selected extraction condition analytically validated. In a clinical setting, DBS and serum samples were taken simultaneously through intensive sampling regimens and a conversion factor was determined. Golimumab concentrations were measured using an in-house-developed ELISA and a CE-marked ELISA kit. User-friendliness was evaluated using a questionnaire. Mucosal healing was evaluated at week 14. A total of 79 matched pairs of serum and DBS sample golimumab concentrations revealed an overall conversion factor of 3.9. DBS golimumab concentrations after conversion correlated strongly with serum golimumab concentrations (ICC = 0.984). During induction, no linear correlation was found between golimumab trough concentration (TC) and AUC (R2 = 0.29). Multiple peaks emerged during drug absorption. Patients who achieved mucosal healing appeared to have less fluctuating TC and a constant AUC over time. Nine out of 10 patients reported DBS sampling as user-friendly. The GOUDA study showed that DBS sampling is a robust and patient-friendly alternative to venous blood collection. DBS sampling may provide better insights into golimumab absorption and exposure. ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02910375).
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Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacocinética , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/sangue , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Área Sob a Curva , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Flebotomia , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Trough concentrations of vedolizumab were found to correlate with clinical response in phase 3 studies of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Nevertheless, there are no solid data to support monitoring of vedolizumab trough concentrations in treated patients. We investigated the correlation between vedolizumab exposure and response in a real-world population and aimed to identify patient factors that affect exposure and response. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 179 consecutive patients (66 with UC and 113 with CD) who began vedolizumab therapy from September 1, 2015, through October 1, 2016, at University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. Serum concentrations of vedolizumab were measured before all infusions up to week 30. Effectiveness endpoints included endoscopic healing (UC, Mayo endoscopic sub-score ≤1; CD, absence of ulcers), clinical response (physicians' global assessment), and biologic response or remission (based on level of C-reactive protein) and were assessed at week 14 (for patients with UC) and week 22 (for patients with CD). A stepwise forward addition-backward elimination modeling approach was performed to identify factors independently associated with vedolizumab exposure and response. RESULTS: Vedolizumab trough concentrations >30.0 µg/mL at week 2, >24.0 µg/mL at week 6, and >14.0 µg/mL during maintenance therapy associated with a higher probability of attaining the effectiveness endpoints for patients with UC or CD (P < .05). Higher body mass and more severe disease (based on high level of C-reactive protein and low level of albumin and/or hemoglobin) at the start of vedolizumab therapy associated with lower trough concentrations of vedolizumab over the 30-week period and a lower probability of achieving mucosal healing (P < .05). Mucosal healing was achieved in significantly more patients with UC than patients with CD, even though a diagnosis of UC was not an independent predictor of higher vedolizumab trough concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective study of 179 patients with CD or UC, we observed a correlation between vedolizumab exposure and response. These findings support monitoring of vedolizumab trough concentrations to predict patients' outcome.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacocinética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Soro/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Bélgica , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mucosal healing is associated with favourable therapeutic outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. We investigated whether adalimumab concentrations during induction therapy are associated with short-term mucosal healing [STMH] in UC patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-centre study including consecutive UC patients treated with adalimumab from June 2005 to May 2014, who underwent an endoscopy both at baseline and after induction therapy [weeks 8-14] and at least one serum sample available at week 2 and/or week 4. STMH was defined as Mayo endoscopic sub-score of ≤1 with a baseline sub-score of ≥2. Adalimumab concentrations were evaluated using an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 43 patients, the majority of whom [n = 38] were prior infliximab failures; the rest showed primary non-response [PNR, n = 5]. Twelve patients [27.9%] achieved STMH. Patients with STMH had higher adalimumab concentrations at week 4 compared to those without [10.6 vs 7.4 µg/ml, p = 0.014]. A receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis identified an adalimumab concentration threshold at week 4 of 9.4 µg/ml (area under the ROC curve [AUROC]: 0.778) and 7.5 µg/ml [AUROC: 0.798], after excluding patients with PNR to infliximab, to be associated with STMH. Multiple logistic regression analysis, after excluding patients with PNR to infliximab, identified adalimumab concentration ≥7.5 µg/ml at week 4 (odds ratio [OR]: 15.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-185; p = 0.029) and baseline endoscopic Mayo score 3 [OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02-0.98; p = 0.047] as factors independently associated with STMH. CONCLUSIONS: This study, reflecting real-life clinical practice, demonstrated that post-induction adalimumab concentrations are associated with STMH, while higher baseline mucosal inflammation is related to lack of STMH in UC.
Assuntos
Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Adalimumab/sangue , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/sangue , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A number of assays are currently available to support therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab. A complete characterization of the assays and comparison of different assays has not been performed. The aim of this study, therefore, is to generate and characterize of a panel of monoclonal antibodies towards adalimumab (MA-ADM); to use this panel to develop novel assays to determine adalimumab concentrations; to assess the impact of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and (non-)neutralizing antibodies on adalimumab detection and to compare the performance of assays. In total, ten specific MA-ADM were generated of which four revealed a neutralizing potency of >78%. At least six different clusters were identified using principal component analysis. MA-ADM40D8 was selected as detecting antibody to determine adalimumab in the TNF-coated ELISA (A) and the MA-ADM28B8/MA-ADM40D8 antibody pair was chosen for use in the MA-coated ELISA (B). The impact of TNF and (non-) neutralizing antibodies was similar in both ELISAs. Finally, serum samples of adalimumab-treated Crohn's disease patients were collected and used for an external validation using the assay of Sanquin (C) and the apDia kit (D). All adalimumab assays showed excellent Pearson correlation: r=0.96 for A versus B, 0.96 for A versus C, 0.94 for A versus D, 0.97 for B versus C, 0.95 for B versus D and 0.94 for C and D. The excellent agreement with the two commercially available ELISAs allows harmonization of treatment algorithms in and between different hospitals/infusion centers.
Assuntos
Adalimumab/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Reações Cruzadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Testes de Neutralização , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mucosal healing is an independent predictor of sustained clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with infliximab. We investigated whether infliximab concentrations during induction therapy are associated with short-term mucosal healing (STMH) in patients with UC. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single-center analysis of data collected from a tertiary referral center from 101 patients with UC who received scheduled induction therapy with infliximab at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and had an endoscopic evaluation at baseline and after induction therapy. STMH was defined as Mayo endoscopic sub-score ≤1, assessed at weeks 10-14, with baseline sub-score ≥2. Infliximab concentrations were evaluated in serum samples collected at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14 of infliximab therapy by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we developed. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients (53.4%) achieved STMH. Patients with STMH had a higher median infliximab concentration at weeks 2, 6, and 14 than patients without STMH. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified infliximab concentration thresholds of 28.3 (area under the ROC curve [AUROC], 0.638), 15 (AUROC, 0.688), and 2.1 µg/mL (AUROC, 0.781) that associated with STMH at weeks 2, 6, and 14, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified infliximab concentration ≥15 at week 6 (P = .025; odds ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-17.1) and ≥2.1 µg/mL at week 14 (P = .004; odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-18) as independent factors associated with STMH. CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of data from real-life clinical practice, we associated infliximab concentrations during the induction therapy with STMH in patients with UC.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colo/patologia , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Imunossupressores/farmacocinética , Infliximab/administração & dosagem , Infliximab/farmacocinética , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Adulto , Endoscopia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Soro/química , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Determination of infliximab (IFX) serum concentrations has been used for treatment optimization of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A wide range of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) exists to quantitate IFX. Most of these assays lack specificity and cross-react with other anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents. The ability of these IFX assays to detect IFX in complex with antidrug antibodies is not known. The objective of our study was to develop an IFX-specific immunoassay to monitor IFX serum concentrations and to evaluate the impact of antidrug antibodies on the assay performance. METHODS: A panel of monoclonal antibodies toward IFX (MA-IFX) was generated by hybridoma technology and evaluated to replace the polyclonal antibody in a TNF-coated IFX assay. The selected monoclonal antibody-based (MA-based) IFX ELISA was benchmarked to a clinically validated, reference polyclonal antibody-based (pAb-based) IFX ELISA using 209 inflammatory bowel disease serum samples. RESULTS: Fifty-five MA-IFX were generated and grouped into 9 clusters. Of the 22 monoclonal antibodies tested, MA-IFX6B7 was selected for use in the IFX ELISA and the assay was further optimized. MA-IFX6B7 is a high-affinity (KD = 1.40E-09 mol/L), noninhibitory IgG1 antibody that binds to the Fab fragment of IFX and exhibits no cross-reactivity with other anti-TNF drugs. The linearity of an IFX dose-response curve was demonstrated in the range of 1.2-37.5 ng/mL (R = 0.988). The MA-based assay showed a good Pearson correlation (R = 0.986) and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.985) with the pAb-based assay. The MA-based assay detects IFX in complex with nonneutralizing anti-IFX antibodies but not when complexed with neutralizing anti-IFX antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a highly specific MA-IFX was developed as detection antibody in an ELISA to quantify IFX serum concentrations. The assay was benchmarked to the clinically validated reference pAb-based IFX ELISA.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Imunoensaio/métodos , Infliximab/sangue , Infliximab/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adalimumab/imunologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Infliximab/química , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: There are limited data on the effects of discontinuing infliximab therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the long-term outcome of patients with CD who discontinued infliximab while in clinical remission, and searched for prognostic markers of continued remission after infliximab cessation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single-center study of 100 patients with CD who discontinued infliximab upon achieving clinical remission; 84 patients continued immunomodulator therapy. Clinical and endoscopic data were retrieved from a medical database in Belgium, and patients were followed up through April 2013 (median, 9.7 y; interquartile range, 8-11.5 y). Sustained clinical remission (SCR) was defined as maintenance of disease remission, without escalation in medical therapy or CD-related surgeries, until the end of the follow-up period. We measured trough concentrations of infliximab, antibodies to microbial antigens, and circulating inflammatory markers in serum samples collected before treatment and at the time of infliximab discontinuation. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period, 52 patients had SCR. Univariate (log-rank) analysis associated SCR with patient age at diagnosis (≥25 y; P = .012) and disease duration (<1 y; P = .017). Among factors evaluated at the time of infliximab discontinuation, infliximab trough concentrations (<6 µg/mL; P = .031), complete mucosal healing (P = .046), and serum positivity for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (>0.67 µg/mL; P = .024) were associated with SCR. In multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, only age at diagnosis of 25 years and older was associated independently with SCR (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.25; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In a large, real-life study, 52% of patients with CD who discontinued infliximab upon achieving clinical remission remained in SCR after a median period of approximately 10 years; Most patients remained on immunomodulator therapy. Although patients with CD have variable responses to infliximab, a subgroup achieved long-term remission after infliximab discontinuation.