[The species variety of microflora in samples from urogenital tract of female patients of large network laboratory and its dependence of content of lactobaccilli].

The evaluation of content of DNA of lactobaccilli and particular types of aerobic anaerobic opportunistic bacteria in sampling of scrapes from urogenital tract offemale patients of the network laboratory INVITRO was implemented. The technique of polymerase chain reaction in real-time was implemented. It is demonstrated that decreasing of content of lactobaccilli in total bacterial mass isfollowed by increasing of occurrence, concentration and relative content of all types of opportunistic pathogens except ureaplasmna. These changes are expressed in different degree for different types of opportunistic pathogens. The increasing of varieties of types of microflora of urogenital tract under decreasing of content of lactobaccilli is noted.

[Sex inversion and epigenetic regulation in Vertebrates].

This review discusses issues related to the regulation of sex determination and differentiation in various groups of Vertebrates. Special attention was paid to factors of external and internal control for various genetic systems of sex determination, as well as to the epigenetic control of this process. Opportunities for sex inversion in various animals were also discussed.

[Effect of sex inversion in embryos of domestic chicken (Gallu gallus domesticus) by influence of letrozole and tamoxifen].

Realization of program of sex formation in multicellular organisms is a complex multistage process. The role of the inductor in this process is assigned to sex hormones synthesized by cells of the emerging gonads. The action of androgens on the formation of the male is now well understood. However, little is known about the involvement of estrogen the female gonad formation and the formation of a female as a whole. Here we present the results of experimental sex inversion in female chickens produced by aromatase inhibition and by the action of tamoxifen on chicken embryos. We have shown various masculinizing effect depending on the dose of active substance and the number of injections. We have noted that inhibition of aromatase does not block meiotic prophase in oogoniums. We have suggested that there are differences in the mechanisms of action of retinoic acid and estrogens on oogenesis. We have first shown proteins and nucleoproteins that interact with the estrogen receptor 1 and provided maps of their gene localization in human and chicken genomes.

[Microsatellites from the linkage groups E26C13 and E50C23 are located on the Gallus gallus domesticus microchromosomes 20 and 21].

Using the method of dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization and a set of chromosome-specific BAC clones, localization of microsatellites LEI0345 and LEI0336 on chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) mitotic chromosomes was performed. Microsatellite LEI0345 (TAM 32, BAC clones r49A10 and r55M23) from the linkage group E26C13 was mapped to microchromosome 20, while microsatellite LEI0336 (TAM 32, BAC clones r19E22 and r13C08) from the linkage E50C23 was assigned to microchromosome 21. Using the PCR technique, an attempt to assign the suitable markers to chromosome-specific BAC clones was made. The PCR data confirmed the microsatellite localization performed with the help of FISH technique and showed the presence of the LEI0345 microsatellite sequence on many other chicken microchromosomes, except for microchromosomes 19 and 22. Linkage groups E26C13 and E50C23 were assigned to microchromosomes 20 and 21, respectively.

[Comparative localization of chicken five functional genes and three microsatellites on quail mitotic chromosomes by two-color fish-hybridization].

In order to localize chicken genes and microsatellites we used two-color FISH and chicken chromosome specific BAC-clones. All BAC-clones were verified by PCR. Analysis of the results obtained showed that: maf gene formed one linkage group with mc1r gene (CJA11), aldhlal--with igvps gene (CJA15), pno--with acaca gene (CJA19), fzf--with bmp7 gene (CJA20), cw01--with ubapw2omega gene (CJAW). Microsatellite ADL0254 was localized jointly with insr gene (CJA28), while LE10342 and MCW0330 microsatellites--with hspa5 gene (CJA17). The same work was fulfilled on chicken mitotic chromosomes. We obtained other results. maf gene was localized independently of mc1r (GGA11), aldh1a1 was localized independently of igvps gene (GGA15), and pno gene (GGA19) was localized independently of acaca gene. ADL0254 and LE10342 microsatellites had two sites of localization (GGA28, GGA17 accordingly and other site). Localization for genes cw01 and fzf and for MCW0330 microsatellite was confirmed.

[Localization of the NotI clones from human chromosome 3 on quail microchromosomes].

For the purpose of comparative mapping of quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and human (Homo sapiens) genomes, DNA fragments from human chromosome 3 (HSA3p14-21 and HSA3q13-23) were localized on quail mitotic chromosomes. Using the method of double-color fluorescence DNA-DNA in situ hybridization, these fragments were mapped to two different microchromosomes. Earlier, similar studies were performed using chicken mitotic chromosomes. There it was demonstrated that the clones of interest were distributed among three microchromosomes (GGA12, GGA14, and GGA15). Thus, interspecific difference in the location of human chromosome 3 DNA fragments in the genomes of closely related avian species was discovered. A new confirmation of the hypothesis on the preferable localization of the gene-rich human chromosome regions on avian microchromosomes was obtained. At the same time, a suggestion on the localization of some orthologous genes in the genome of the organism under study was made: ARF4, SCN5A, PHF7, ABHD6, ZDHHC3, MAPKAPK3, ADSYNA (homolog of chicken chromosome 12), DRD2, PP2C-ETA, RAB7, CCKAR, and PKD1 (homolog of chicken chromosome 15). However, localization of the corresponding quail genes needs to be confirmed, as far as the sequences used were only the orthologs of the corresponding chicken genes.

[Level of colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum of definite biovars in a group of women with different clinical symptoms]. / Uroven' kolonizatsii ureaplazmami opredelennykh biovarov v gruppakh zhenshchin s razlichnymi klinicheskimi simptomami.

To evaluate the level of U. urealyticum colonization of female urogenital tract, the method of the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of two pairs of primers, corresponding to genes controlling U. urealyticum 16S rRNA and unique human osteopontin was used. The study of 93 clinical specimens showed no correlation between high colonization level and the presence of definite clinical manifestations of U. urealyticum infection. The determination of ureaplasmic biovars was carried out by the method of PCR in the presence of 3 primers corresponding to the multiple-banded antigen (MBA) gene. Biovar parvo was detected in 85% of the specimens, biovar T960 in 11% and both biovars were detected in 4% of the specimens. The biovar distribution in the groups of women with different clinical symptoms was approximately similar. U. urealyticum of biovar T960 occurred more frequently (33% of the specimens) only in a group of women with vaginal discharge characteristic of inflammation.