Luminescence in germania-silica fibers in a 1-2 µm region.

We analyze the origins of the luminescence in germania-silica fibers with high germanium concentration (about 30 mol.% GeO2) in the region of 1-2 µm with a laser pump at the wavelength 532 nm. We show that such fibers demonstrate the high level of luminescence which unlikely allows the observation of photon triplets, generated in a third-order spontaneous parametric downconversion process in such fibers. The only efficient approach to the luminescence reduction is the hydrogen saturation of fiber samples; however, even in this case, the level of residual luminescence is still too high for three-photon registration.

[Status and development prospects of radiological health in the Navy].

More than 7.5 thousands of people work as military and civilian personnel and have an access to a lot of sources of ionizing radiation on ships and vessels, at coastal units and institutions of the Navy. This fact determines the importance of radiation safety and medical preventive measures on naval fleets. The article analyses the state of radiation-hygienic measures, outlines the conceptual basis for the development of radiation hygiene in the Navy. Substantiated reconstruction tasks effectiveness of health control and state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of radiation safety, provides information about the optimal set of instruments for radiation monitoring equipment radiobiological laboratories and centres of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision at various levels.

[Department of training of physicians (for Missile Forces and Army) of Military-medical academy n. a. S.M.Kirov celebrates the 70th anniversary].

The article is dedicated to the history of the one of educational units of the Kirov Medical Academy. Department of training of physicians (for Missile Forces and Army) traces its origins to 1942 published in the resolution of the State Committee of Defense of the USSR, but in fact is the successor to hospital schools in the land and the Admiralty hospitals.

[From the history of military-medical education in XVIII century].

The article deals with the development of national medical education. The above materials are based mainly on archival material, published documents and publications of military history topics. The authors have shown that even with the publication of the decree on the construction (01.24.1715), and the tab (Spring 1715), Overland, and hospitals Admiralty in St. Petersburg, Peter the Great planned to their clinical status. However, construction was delayed until 1732, when it became a possibility of teaching, and almost immediately was royally endorsed a report on the state Medical Collegium, which determined the number of teaching staff and students. In the 1730's attempts to prepare highly qualified teachers of special schools for the hospital, and in 1742 already appears first full-time professor. Completed the period of formation can be considered in 1754, when P.Z.Kondoidi signed a decree on a new preparation for doctors with a 7-year period of training.

[Promising directions of optimization of providing radiological safety in large-scale treatment-and-preventive institutions].

The article contains results of fulfilled studies that allowed finding main features of radiology safety, working out academic and research recommendations to perfect radiology safety in treatment-and-preventive institutions (TPI) and creating a method of calculation of authorized staffing needed by radiological safety services. It was established that the following actions are least fulfilled: radiation control, organization of radiation safety education, authorization for work with ionizing radiation both for military men and civil staff, maintenance of documentation. We suggest that promising direction of optimization of providing radiological safety in large-scale TPI is the following: allotment of special structure that will provide comprehensive fulfillment of regulatory documents demands, it may be, e. g. radiological safety service.

[The oldest military hospitals of Saint-Petersburg: good round figure in history].

In 1710 in a under construction capital of the Russian state the first central military hospital for treatment the soldier of garrison has been organized. Its initial device differed from existed regimental infirmaries a little; however personal home nursing of tsar has helped development of hospital. In 1715 the hospital has been solemnly consecrated. Since 1735 in hospital have started to spend training of future doctors and with the basis in 1798 of Army medical college it became its clinical base. During teamwork the hospital became high-grade clinical base of academy, has developed and became the modem well equipped clinic-diagnostic centre.

Mode of deposition of the histone subtypes during replication.

By using various approaches, we have observed in cycling mouse erythroleukemia cells a characteristic sequential deposition of newly synthesized histones. Control experiments confirmed that this deposition is replicative and is not associated with a process of histone replacement. Interestingly, each of the newly synthesized variants of histones H3, H2B, and H2A was found to deposit simultaneously. This observation indicates that the mechanisms governing the nucleosome assembly do not discriminate among the variants and thus supports the idea that they have equal biological significance. In contrast, a different mode of deposition was found for the regular subtypes H1A and H1B, suggesting a structural and functional difference between these two histones.

The pool of histones in the nucleosol and cytosol of proliferating Friend cells is small, uneven and chasable.

This study examines the histones pools in the nucleosol and cytosol of proliferating Friend cells. By using the conventional approach, detectable amounts of these molecules were found in both compartments; however, only H3 and H2B were identified in nucleosol, and H3, H2B and H4 in cytosol. The authenticity of each of these histones was verified by two independent methods, migration in SDS/polyacrylamide gels and peptide mapping. When the sensitivity of the approach was increased by radiolabelling with 125I, two additional proteins, migrating as H2A and H4, were observed in nucleosol. Even by this approach, however, H1 was not detected. Direct quantitative measurements of the histones in both compartments indicated that these pools are uneven and small. This was found also in experiments involving inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. Considered together, our data do not support the idea of the existence of preformed histone heterocomplexes or octamers. Instead the assembly of nucleosomes during replication occurs by a successive deposition of individual core histones.

Metabolic behaviors of the core histones in proliferating Friend cells.

This study examines the turnover of the core histones in proliferating Friend cells. It was calculated that these proteins turn over with half-lives of 21.6 days for H2A, 13.8 days for H2B, 43.3 days for H3, and 138.6 days for H4. The significant differences in the half-lives of the four core histones indicate that the protein moiety of the nucleosome is not replaced as one entire unit but as a "mosaic" in which each component follows its own rate of replacement. In some experiments the turnover rates of the variants of H2A, H2B, and H3 were compared. The results did not indicate any differences among these histone variants, suggesting that they are not excluded from the mechanisms controlling histone turnover. Metabolic heterogeneity was discovered, however, when the turnover rates of the acetylated and nonacetylated molecules of histone H4 were followed: it appeared that the acetylated molecules are replaced 2.5 times faster. The comparison of the rate of replacement of the histones in proliferating and differentiated cells from one site and their level of acetylation from another suggests that this postsynthetic modification might be involved in the control of histone metabolism. Such a conclusion is supported also by a number of model experiments.

[Role of hemosorption in the treatment of acute pneumonia and infectious destruction of the lungs]. / Rol' gemosorbtsii v lechenii ostrykh pnevmonii i infektsionnykh destruktsii legkikh.

Based on an analysis of results of treatment of 20 patients with critical pneumonias and acute infectious destructions of the lungs by the method of hemosorption the authors make a conclusion that use of hemosorption promoted a rapid control of state of intoxication, decrease of the level of middle molecule toxins and lowering of the laboratory and clinical estimates of severity. Results of the treatment have confirmed good effects of hemosorption.

[Biological activity of vitamin E in feed mixtures with a varying santoquin content]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu biologichnata aktivnost na vitamin E vuv furazhni smesi s razlichno sudurzhanie na santokvin.

Studied was the content of vitamins A and E as well as that of fats, aldehydes, and peroxides and the biologic activity of vitamin E with regard to the amount of santoquin in combined forage mixtures for birds. The experiments were carried out with a finisher forage mixture for broilers to which santoquin was added in amounts of 0.010, 0.016, 0.020, and 0.025 per cent. It was found that at an antioxidant concentration of 0.020 per cent a best protection of the biologic vitamin E activity was provided. The rapid inactivation of vitamin E at a level of santoquin lower than 0.016 per cent was associated with the intense deposition of products of the final oxidation when fats turned rancid. Taking into consideration the importance of fats as a source of energy a 0.020 per cent level of santoquin in the forage mixtures for broilers is suggested.

[Epizootiological and parasitological status of the flocks at a poultry combine]. / Vurkhu epizootologichniia i parazitologichniia status na stadata v edin ptitsekombinat

A comprehensive epizootiologic study has been carried out at one of the large poultry dressing combines in this country. Results have shown that the part played by infections as against the remaining diseases established in the various technologic categories is as follows: 9 to 23.8 per cent in growing parents; 16.0 to 24.6 per cent in adult parents; and 4.8 to 13.4 per cent in broilers. So far as parasitic diseases are concerned the respective figures are 3.2 to 9.9 per cent, 3.0 to 3.3. per cent, and 2.9 to 3.0 to per cent. The import of birds from France and England intended for satisfying the needs of the poultry dressing combine in Roussé has contributed to the introduction of infections which have later on assumed an epizootic course, such as infections encephalomyelitis, infectious bronchitis, and Marek' disease. The epizootic status has been aggravated with the development of a number of diseases already existing in this country--fowl pox, lymphoid leukosis, chronic respiratory disease, salmonellosis, and above all infections caused by the so-called occasionally pathogenic agents--coli organisms, staphylococci, and Pseudomonas. Of the parasitic diseases only coccidiosis has developed, being caused by a variety of species: Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria muvati and Eimeria tenella. The absence of helminth infections is due to the routinely adopted technological practice of raising birds in confinement and the strict veterinary control and guard. On the basis of the results obtained and the conclusions drawn some more effective prophylactic measures are suggested correcting and supplementing the existing prophylactic programme.

[Effect of betaine hydrochloride on broiler chickens when used alone or in combination with vitamin B12]. / Vliianie na betainoviia khidrokhlorid na pileta-broileri pri samostoiatelnoto my prilozhenie i v kombinatsiia s vitamin B12

The studies were carried out with 2287 broilers aged from 3 to 56 days, divided when one-day-old into four equal groups. The first group were fed the common ration and served as controls. The remaining three groups were experimental, the broilers of the second group being offered the basic common ration enriched with 0.2 per cent betaine. The third group were also given the ordinary ration, however, they received in the drinking water some 10 mug vitamin BUI per one kilogram feed each. The fourth group received both betaine and vitamin B12 at the rates indicated. Results showed that betaine hydrochloride offered either alone or in combination with vitamin B12 contributes to increasing the liveweight gain of broilers in the course of the starter period, but its use in doses of 0.2 per cent in the finishing period is not effective.