Evaluation of oral health status and oral disorders of children with autism spectrum disorders by gender.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between gender and oral health status of children with autism spectrum disorders (CASD). MATERIAL-METHODS: The study was carried out with 348 children. The children were separated into two groups to evaluate the prevalence of caries and to assess oral disorders in terms of gender. The following factors were evaluated: mean dmft (decayed missed filled permanent tooth in primary dentition), mean DMFT (decayed missed filled permanent tooth in permanent dentition), plaque index, caries prevalence scores, dental crowding, open bite, deep palate, drooling of saliva, tongue thrusting habit, bruxism, dental and soft tissue trauma, tooth wear, delayed eruption, and hypodontia. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean dmft in boys with CASD (BCASD) was lower than the mean dmft in healthy boys. The mean dmft of the girls with CASD (GCASD) was also lower than that of the healthy girls. The prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT in GCASD were higher than those of BCASD in permanent dentition. While the plaque index value of BCASD was higher than that of healthy boys, the plaque index value of GCASD was lower than that of healthy girls. The plaque index value of BCASD was higher than that of GCASD. GCASD were reported to have significantly more bruxism than their healthy counterparts. However, no statistically significant difference was found between BCASD and healthy boys regarding bruxism. Moreover, there was no significant difference between BCASD and GCASD in terms of bruxism. Drooling of saliva in BCASD was less than GCASD. CONCLUSION: There were significant gender differences between CASD and healthy children in terms of dental caries and oral disorders in this study. There were also significant differences regarding dental caries and oral disorders between GCASD and BCASD.

Epidemiological features of Turkish patients with sarcoidosis.

Epidemiological characteristics of sarcoidosis differ according to geographical distribution. The aim of our study was to disclose epidemiological characteristics in our country. The data was collected from investigators, who sent information on newly-diagnosed patients via internet. In 2 years 198 female and 95 male patients were enrolled to the study (f/m:2.08). Mean age of patients was 44+/-13 years (17-90). Mean age of male patients was 38+/-12 while mean age of female patients was 48+/-13 (p<0.001). 73.4% of patients were nonsmokers (85.4% of females; 48.4% of males; (p<0.001)). About 50% of our 293 patients were housewives. Familial sarcoidosis was found in 3 patients' first degree relatives. Estimated annual incidence of sarcoidosis for Turkey was calculated as 4 per 100,000 person. According to our study, 2/3 of sarcoidosis patients were women; mean age of patients was 45 and the disease began 10 years later in female patients. 80% of patients were nonsmokers; negative relation between sarcoidosis and smoking was evident especially in women. Familial sarcoidosis frequency was lower compared to other studies in the literature. There was no occupational exposure history in our patients. Our incidence rate, is similar with the results of other European studies.

Delayed onset bleomycin-induced pneumonitis.

We describe a 39-year-old male patient who developed bleomycin-induced pneumonitis 2 years after completion of chemotherapy for nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Bleomycin sometimes causes fatal pulmonary toxicity, including bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. The central event in the development of pneumonitis is endothelial damage of the lung vasculature due to bleomycin-induced cytokines and free radicals. Pulmonary toxicity usually begins at bleomycin administration. The development of bleomycin-induced pneumonitis up to 6 months after bleomycin therapy has also been reported. We report a patient who developed bleomycin-induced pneumonitis 2 years after the initiation of bleomycin-containing chemotherapy regimens.

Cephalometric evaluation of the effects of pendulum appliance on various vertical growth patterns and of the changes during short-term stabilization.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pendulum appliance in dental Class II patients with varying vertical growth patterns and to evaluate the changes during the short-term stabilization period of 3 months. The sample (n=30) was divided into two groups based on their FMA degrees. The high-angle group consisted of 14 patients (10 girls and 4 boys) and had a mean age of 157.7+/-8.0 months. The low-angle group consisted of 16 patients (8 girls and 8 boys) and had a mean age of 155.5+/-18.6 months. Pretreatment, posttreatment and poststabilization cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the changes. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical evaluation. The amount of upper molar distalization was 5.9 mm (p<0.001) in the high-angle group and 1 mm (p<0.001) in the low-angle group, showing no intergroup difference. The amount of anchorage loss at the second premolars was 4.8 mm (p<0.001) in the high-angle group and 6.6 mm (p<0.001) in the low-angle group. Upper incisors moved anteriorly for 2.1 mm (p<0.05) in the high-angle group and 4.1 mm (p<0.001) in the low-angle group. Intergroup difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). During the stabilization period, 1.5 mm of anchorage loss was measured at the upper molar region in the high-angle group and 1.7 mm of anchorage loss was measured at the upper molar region in the low-angle group. During the stabilization period, upper second premolars and incisors tended to move back to their original places. The results of this study showed that pendulum appliance could move the upper molars distally in a short period of time without depending on the patient compliance. Care should be taken to prevent anchorage loss and to stabilize the upper molars for, at least, 3 months.

Dental chapters of Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu's (1385-1468?) illustrated surgical book Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye.

From the 7th to the 11th centuries Arabic authors translated ancient Greek and Roman medical textbooks into their own languages. In the 11th and 12th centuries, noted authors used these early translations when writing other classical texts. One of these was that of the Andalusian surgeon, Albulcasis (936-1013), whose famous work is entitled, at-Tasrif (4,6). It has been used as a reference book for centuries and was translated into Latin in the 15th century and into Turkish by me when I discovered a manuscript of it in the Manisa Library in Turkey (14). The best interpreter of it, however, was Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1365-1468). He used the classification of at-Tasrif, but improved on it by adding original observations and three original chapters. His book is entitled, Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye which means The Imperial Surgery (15).

[An ancient surgical set in the history of medicine museum at the medical history and ethics department at Cerrahpasa Medical School]. / Cerrahpasa Tip Fakültesi Deontoloji ve Tip Tarihi Anabilim Dali Tip Tarihi Müzesinde Bulunan Bir Antik Cerrahi Takimi.

The present head of the Department of Medical History and Ethics, Prof. Dr. Nil Sari founded a museum for the history of medicine within the Department. A set of surgical instruments, granted by Prof. Dr. M. Kemal Oke and Prof. Dr. Fuat Kâmil Berksan to the Department, is studied in this article. The set, all made of bronze, and dating approximately back to the IVth century B.C. consists of four bistouries, two pincets, two bone catheters, a cauterization instrument, a spatula, curettage instrument and an unidentified piece. They do not have any trace of corrosion. No sign, badge or stamp can be detected on the instruments. Apparently they have not been used much. The skilfull handicraft, harmonious and excellent style of the set suggest that they might have been produced by an artist or in accordance with the description of a master surgeon. Presence of a pincet for eye surgery suggests that the owner might have been an ophtalmologist. Since the granters had not given any clue of the site they were discovered, it is hard to determine where or by whom the set was made.

Impaction of maxillary canines and congenitally missing third molars. Description of an ancient skull (7250-6700 BC).

This report describes an ancient skull, in which both maxillary canines were impacted and mandibular third molars were missing. During the excavations at the early village site of Cayönü (Turkey), the subject of this report was found inside a skull building (charnel house) together with the fragments of 75 skulls, and was the least damaged skull of the Cayönü series (Ozbek, 1988). The skull showed skeletal and dental Class I relationship, with an orthognathic profile and a reduced bimaxillary alveolar prognathism. Assessment on the skull confirms the findings of the previous studies and reports that irregularities in the position of the teeth are already found in prehistoric man, and therefore, do not seem to be the result of modified conditions of modern civilization only.

[The study of the relationship between the face type and condyle morphology (a cephalometric and anthropometric study)]. / Yüz tipi ile mandibuler kondil morfolojisi iliskisinin degerlendirilmesi (Sefalometrik ve antropometrik çalisma).

The main purpose of this investigation was to study the shape and size of the mandibular condyles for any correlation with type of mandibular rotation. 40 mandibular bones that belongs to modern man, and late Roman stage were examined regarding the size and shape of condyles. The cephalograms of the mandibles were taken and the type of mandibular rotation was recorded on them according to Leiba analysis. The Leiba analysis results showed statistically significant differences while, the differences between the condyle sizes were found to be insignificant between the groups.

[Comparison between the individuals of our society which have NOTR occlusion and Bjork norms]. / Toplumumuzdaki Nötr oklüzyonlu birey normalrinin Bjork normlari ile karisilastirilmasi.

In this study, tele radiographs of 52 military academy students neutral occlusion were taken in order to establish the deep facial structure standards of our society. Anterior and posterior lengths of cranial base, ramus height and mandibular length were measured from the cephalometric lines of these pictures. Likewise, measurements were made of Cella, Articular and Gonion angles. Average values, standard deviations and errors were obtained of all these results. These measurements were compared through biometric methods with those previously made by Björk. The anterior and posterior lengths and the ramus height show biometrically insignificant differences in these two studies. The same also applies for the Cella and Articular angles. On the other hand, the ramus height which we determined is somewhat greater and significantly different from that of Björk from the biometrical viewpoint. Furthermore, our Gonion angle is less than that of Björk, and significantly different from the biometrical standpoint. In conclusion, it is suggested that the Ramus height and Gonion angle found through our study should be utilized for our purposes in all dental interventions to be made on the individuals of this society.

[In this study, it was investigated that, whether the FR-3 appliance was adequate or not in functional orthopedic therapy]. / Frankel'in "fonksiyonel regülatörü" (FR-3) ile yapilan tedavilerde sagital yöndeki sefalometrik degiskliklerin incelenmesi.

Examinations were based on lateral cephalometric changes in sagittal extent. For this purpose, The FR-3 appliance was tried out on total 13 patients (5 female and 8 male) Who have skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion due to maxillary inadequacy. The changes in the sagittal direction on lateral cephalograms and the findings obtained as a result of treatment, were compared with the usual grow up and maturation values. Then, whole data were evaluated biostatistically. Consequently, all results showed that, although FR-3 appliance can be used on this type of malocclusions, good patient cooperation and knowing the individual optimal grow-up models are extremely important and necessary.

[Sterilization and disinfection in clinical orthodontics]. / Klinik ortodontide sterilizasyon ve dezenfeksiyon.

Recently a great deal of attention has been devoted to the spread of hepatitis b and aids viruses and the high risk of contamination of these viruses during the dental operations has made orthodontists more aware of the necessity of sterilization and disinfection. This article discusses the methods of sterilization and disinfection. Avoidance of corrosion of instruments and the use of a ultrasonic cleaner to avoid contamination has been explained. In the conclusion the measures that the orthodontist has to take in order to protect himself is discussed.

[The effects of the analgesics on the osteoclastic activity]. / Osteoklast aktivasyonuna analjeziklerin etkileri.

This study was carried on rats to determine the effects of the analgesics on the osteoclastic activity, taken within the first three days. Appliances developed by ourselves were applied to twenty adult rats which were separated into two groups consisting each ten animals. Daily water to the controls where water containing analgesic to the study group were given. After three days osteoclasts were counted in the inter-radicular septum of the first molar where the appliance were applied in the sacrificed animals. In the study group the number of the osteoclast were lessened when compared to the control group.