[Effect of lysozyme on the growth of murine lymphoma and antineoplastic activity of cyclophosphamide]. / Vliianie lizotsima na rost myshinoi limfomy i protivoopukholevuiu aktivnost' tsiklofosfamida.

It was shown that hen egg-white lysozyme (LM) in the dose 100 mg/kg under the daily intragastral use slightly inhibited tumor grown or did not influence significantly upon it and did not change antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. When used at mice C57Bl/6J with the transplanted ascitic or solid T-cell lymphoma EL4 (syngeneic system). On model of the same tumors in ascitic form at mice-hybrids (C57Bl/6J x DBA2)F1 (semisingeneic system) LM significantly potentiates antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, though it had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Potentiation of the effect of cyclophosphamide revealed itself in more slow development of ascite, increased mean life-span and the overall survival, appearance of completely cured animals. Our clinic-laboratory studies have revealed a sharp deficit of endogenic lysozyme in the blood serum of leukemic patients and extremely low lysozyme content in lavage liquid, from leukemic patients, with pneumonia. These data suggest that LM can be useful as a food additive in the complex treatment of oncological patients for enhancing antineoplastic chemotherapy efficacy.

[Status of the kallikrein-kinin system, proteinase inhibitors and nonspecific resistance factors in patients with chronic kidney failure on hemodialysis as well as in kidney transplant recipients]. / Sostoianie kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy, ingibitorov proteinaz i faktorov nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnostiu, nakhodiashchikhsiia na gemodialize, i uretsipientov pochechnogo transplantata.

A state of the kallikrein-kinin system, activity of proteolysis inhibitors were studied simultaneously with the functional activity of neutrophils and content of lysozyme in blood serum of 21 patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. Two types of alterations in the kallikrein-kinin system were found in 13 patients maintained on hemodialysis: in four patients content of kallikrein was increased 8-fold as compared with normal level with a decrease in content of prekallikrein, while in nine patients activity of kallikrein was similar to control values but content of prekallikrein was still further decreased. Content of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) was distinctly decreased (2-2.5-fold) in these patients, however, the decrease of the inhibitor was not observed in four patients; activity of alpha 2-macroglobulin tended to decrease. The ratio of active neutrophils and content of lysozyme were increased in blood serum of the majority of the patients. Hemodialysis, activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and stimulation of neutrophils appear to be responsible for a decrease in PI activity. The decrease in the PI activity and stimulation of the kallikrein-kinin system suggest that impairments in regulation of proteolysis could be corrected by means of exogenous proteinase inhibitors. In crisis of allogenic kidney rejection activities of PI and prekallikrein were decreased. Drastic, uneven alterations of the patterns studied were detected in pyo-inflammatory complications not related to the rejection crisis.

[Comparative evaluation of 2 methods--dilution in agar and diffusion in agar--in determining Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to antibiotics]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka dvukh metodov--razvedenii v agare i diffuzii v agar--pri opredelenii chuvstvitel'nosti Pseudomonas aeruginosa k nekotorym antibiotikam.

Sensitivity of 200 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 8 antibiotics was studied with 2 methods, agar dilution and agar diffusion. The data obtained with the two methods were in good agreement. The simple method of agar diffusion provided sufficiently precise results in determination of the Pseudomonas sensitivity to carbenicillin and polymyxin. With the use of the correction principle by the "mobile intermediate zone" it also provided sufficiently precise results in determination of the Pseudomonas sensitivity to gentamicin. The necessity of using the reference strain ATCC 27853 of P. aeruginosa in every experiment is stressed. The peculiarities of the data interpretation in determination of antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas are discussed.

[Tolerance of group A streptococci to the bactericidal effect of various antibiotics]. / Izuchenie tolerantnosti streptokokkov gruppy A k bakteritsidnomu deistviiu nekotorykh antibiotikov.

The MICs and MBCs (minimum bactericidal concentration) of 6 antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ristomycin, erythromycin and lincomycin) for 50 strains of group A streptococci were determined with serial dilutions in a liquid medium (the medium for isolation of streptococci of the I. I. Mechnikov Moscow Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera) followed by volumetric platings on a solid medium (the same medium supplemented with 1.5 per cent agar). The results are discussed in relation to the problem of Streptococci tolerance to the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics.

[Sensitivity of 56 strains of Streptococcus group B to 12 antibiotics: its determination by dilution and diffusion in agar]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k 12 antibiotikam 56 shtammov streptokokkov gruppy B: opredelenie metodami razvedeniia v agare i diffuzii v agar.

Sensitivity of 56 streptococcal strains of group B to 12 antibiotics was studied with the method of dilution in a special solid medium for cultivation of streptococci and with the method of agar diffusion in the same medium. All the strains were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol, ristomycin and erythromycin. The predominating majority of the strains were sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics and lincomycin. All the strains were resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin. More than 85 per cent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. Strains with multiple resistance to 2-7 antibiotics were detected. Satisfactory correlation between the two methods was observed. It was shown to be clinically advisable to determine the sensitivity of streptococci of group B to beta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin and lincomycin.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of various Staphylococcus species isolated from newborn infants with purulent septic infections]. / Izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam stafilokokkov razlichnoi vidovoi prinadlezhnosti, vydelennykh ot novorozhdennykh s gnoino-septicheskoi infektsiei.

Sensitivity of 120 staphylococcal strains belonging to different species isolated from newborn infants with pyoseptic infections was studied with respect to 13 antibiotics. Methicillin, cephaloridin, rifampicin, ristomycin, gentamicin and novobiocin were mainly highly active against the isolates, while some of the strains were resistant. The coagulase negative species were as a whole characterized by higher resistance levels with respect to some antibiotics, as compared to Staph. aureus. The predominant part of the coagulase negative strains with exceedingly high resistance levels did not belong to Staph. epidermidis. The sensitivity of staphylococci depended on the source of their isolation. At large the strains isolated from purulent excretions of localized foci were characterized by lower levels of resistance to a number of antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, methicillin and others) as compared to the strains isolated from the blood.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A on a new nutrient medium for the cultivation of streptococci]. / Izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam beta-gemoliticheskikh streptokokkov gruppy A na novoi pitatel'noi srede dlia kul'tivirovaniia streptokokkov.

Sensitivity of 167 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A was studied with the method of serial dilutions on a solid agar medium for cultivation of streptococci. The medium was developed at the I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera. It does not require addition of blood or serum. The strains were found to be highly sensitive to penicillin, cephalothin and erythromycin. The number of the strains resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamycin, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and ristomycin amounted to 51, 36, 23, 1.8 and 1.8 per cent, respectively. One of the strains (0.6 per cent) was resistant to lincomycin. Strains with multiple resistance were isolated. The necessity of regular control of distribution of antibiotic resistance among staphylococci is indicated.