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1.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 62(5): 522-34, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24118785

RESUMO

Control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Uganda by ring vaccination largely depends on costly trivalent vaccines, and use of monovalent vaccines could improve the cost effectiveness. This, however, requires application of highly specific diagnostic tests. This study investigated outbreaks of FMD in seven Ugandan districts, during 2011, using the PrioCHECK® FMDV NS ELISA, solid-phase blocking ELISAs (SPBEs) and virus neutralization tests (VNTs), together with virological analyses for characterization of the responsible viruses. Two hundred and eighteen (218) cattle and 23 goat sera as well as 82 oropharyngeal fluid/epithelial tissue samples were collected. Some 50% of the cattle and 17% of the goat sera were positive by the PrioCHECK® FMDV NS ELISA, while SPBEs identified titres ≥80 for antibodies against serotype O FMD virus (FMDV) in 51% of the anti-NSP positive cattle sera. However, 35% of the anti-NSP positive cattle sera had SPBE titres ≥80 against multiple serotypes, primarily against serotypes O, SAT 1 and SAT 3. Comparison of SPBEs and VNTs for the detection of antibodies against serotypes O, SAT 1 and SAT 3 in 72 NSP positive cattle sera showed comparable results against serotype O (P = 0.181), while VNTs detected significantly fewer samples positive for antibodies against SAT 1 and SAT 3 than the SPBEs (P < 0.001). Detection of antibodies against serotype O was consistent with the isolation of serotype O FMDVs from 13 samples. Four of these viruses were sequenced and belonged to two distinct lineages within the East Africa-2 (EA-2) topotype, each differing from the currently used vaccine strain (EA-1 topotype). The relationships of these lineages to other serotype O viruses in the Eastern Africa region are discussed. To enhance the control of FMD in Uganda, there is need to improve the specificity of the SAT-SPBEs, perform vaccine matching and implement improved regional FMD control.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/isolamento & purificação , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Febre Aftosa/microbiologia , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/classificação , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/genética , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Cabras , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Sorogrupo , Uganda/epidemiologia , Vacinação/veterinária
2.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 62(3): 305-14, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23931583

RESUMO

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya where four serotypes (O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2) of the virus are currently in circulation. Within 2010 and 2011, the National Laboratory recorded an increase in the number of FMD outbreaks caused by serotype O virus. The characteristics of these viruses were determined to ascertain whether these were independent outbreaks or one single strain spreading throughout the country. The sequences of the complete VP1-coding region were analysed from viruses sampled within different areas of Kenya during 2010 and 2011. The results indicated that the 2010 to 2011 outbreaks in Kenya were caused by four independent strains. By comparison with earlier type O isolates from Eastern Africa, it was apparent that the outbreaks were caused by viruses from three different lineages of topotype EA-2 and a fourth virus strain belonging to topotype EA-4. The topotypes EA-1 and EA-3 were not detected from these outbreaks. Implications of these results for FMD control in Eastern Africa are discussed.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Aftosa/genética , Febre Aftosa/virologia , Animais , Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/classificação , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Quênia/epidemiologia , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sorotipagem
3.
Vet Microbiol ; 83(2): 137-46, 2001 Nov 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11557154

RESUMO

Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing, capsid protein and non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) regions of Sagiyama virus and eight Getah virus strains were analysed. The viruses were isolated from Malaysia and various areas of Japan over a period of 30 years. Based on the available published sequence data, oligonucleotide primers were designed for RT-PCR and the sequences were determined. Our findings showed that though there were differences in the nucleotide sequences in the nsP1 region, there was 100% amino acid homology. On the other hand, in the capsid region, the nucleotide differences caused a major difference in the amino acid sequence. Therefore, the difference in the capsid region is one of the useful markers in the genetic classification between Sagiyama virus and strains of Getah virus, and might be responsible for the serological difference in complement fixation test. The genomic differences among the Getah virus strains are due to time factor rather than geographical distribution.


Assuntos
Alphavirus/genética , Capsídeo/genética , Variação Genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Alphavirus/química , Alphavirus/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Capsídeo/química , Culex/virologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Genoma Viral , Cavalos/virologia , Japão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterinária , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Suínos/virologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/química
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