Grado de control metabólico en niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una importante enfermedad en la población infanto-juvenil, que asociada a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, origina morbimortalidad a más temprana edad. Objetivo: Conocer el grado de control metabólico y determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con DM1. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo realizado entre abril y junio de 2011, en el cual se estudiaron menores de 19 años con DM1, controlados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, en Santiago de Chile. Resultados: Se evaluaron 94 pacientes (edad promedio al diagnóstico: 7,3 años y edad actual: 11,9 años; tiempo de evolución: 4,5 años). El 79,8% presentó niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) superiores a lo recomendado, con un promedio de 8,9%. El grupo entre 13 y 19 años fue el de peor control metabólico (86% con niveles de HbA1c anormal). El 26,6% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. En el 20,3% se constató dislipidemia (colesterol LDL > 100 mg/dl) y en el 4,2% hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: Solo el 20% de los pacientes presentan un control metabólico adecuado medido por HbA1c, aunque un perfil de riesgo cardiovascular aceptable. Es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos terapéuticos, especialmente en los adolescentes, enfatizando la importancia de un adecuado control nutricional como principal método de tratamiento de esta entidad.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an important disease in children and adolescent being a major risk factor for early morbidity and mortality. Objective: To know the degree of metabolic control and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in T1D patients. Patients and method: Retrospective study including patients under 19 years of age with T1D controlled at a Chilean hospital in 2011. Results: 94 patients were evaluated (average age at diagnosis: 7,3 years; current age: 11,9 years; evolution time: 4,5 years). Seventy-nine percent (79,8%) of patients presented glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over the recommended level with an average of 8,9%. The group between 13 and 19 years of age exhibited the worst metabolic control (86% with HbA1c abnormal levels). Overweight or obesity occurred in 26,6% of patients, 20,3% had LDL >100 mg/dl and 4,2% had hypertension. Conclusions: Only about twenty percent of patients had adequate metabolic control as measured by HbA1c, although cardiovascular risk profile was acceptable. Therapeutic and educational efforts must be reinforced mainly in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutritional management as a primary method to treat this entity.

[Metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes]. / Grado de control metabólico en niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an important disease in children and adolescent being a major risk factor for early morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To know the degree of metabolic control and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in T1D patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study including patients under 19 years of age with T1D controlled at a Chilean hospital in 2011. RESULTS: 94 patients were evaluated (average age at diagnosis: 7.3 years; current age: 11,9 years; evolution time: 4.5 years). Seventy-nine percent (79.8%) of patients presented glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over the recommended level with an average of 8.9%. The group between 13 and 19 years of age exhibited the worst metabolic control (86% with HbA1c abnormal levels). Overweight or obesity occurred in 26.6% of patients, 20.3% had LDL >100mg/dl and 4.2% had hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Only about twenty percent of patients had adequate metabolic control as measured by HbA1c, although cardiovascular risk profile was acceptable. Therapeutic and educational efforts must be reinforced mainly in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutritional management as a primary method to treat this entity.