RESUMO
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be associated with various autoimmune diseases, but the causal relationship between T1DM and autoimmune skin diseases is not yet clear. Methods: The summary statistical data on T1DM and nine autoimmune skin diseases in European populations were extracted for mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Subsequently, the analysis was replicated in East Asian populations. In the MR estimation, inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were utilized. Outliers were excluded using MR-PRESSO, and horizontal pleiotropy was assessed with MR-Egger. Additionally, a multivariable MR analysis was conducted to investigate whether T1DM has an independent effect on autoimmune skin diseases after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In Europe, the MR estimated based on IVW method indicated a causal association between genetically determined T1DM and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.26-1.50, pï¼0.01), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05-1.25, pï¼0.01), as well as multiple sclerosis (MS) (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36, p = 0.04), but there is no association between T1DM and atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, lichen planus (LP), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), alopecia areata (AA) and systemic sclerosis (SS). After adjusting for time spent watching television, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and body fat percentage, we found a causal relationship between T1DM and SLE (OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.16-1.44, p < 0.01), RA (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.20-1.38 p < 0.01) and MS (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.04-1.18, p < 0.01). Then, no genetic causal association was found between TIDM and SLE, and AD in East Asia. These results didn't exhibit horizontal pleiotropy, and "leave-one-out" analysis demonstrated result stability. Conclusion: Our MR research indicates a causal relationship between T1DM and SLE, RA, and MS in Europe. However, no causal relationship between T1DM and SLE has been observed in East Asia. Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor relevant immunological markers of SLE, RA, and MS in T1DM patients and take preventive measures.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brain cancer is one of the most aggressive cancer types owing to poor treatment effects. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that allergies may increase the disease risk. Therefore, this study evaluated the association between eczema and the risk of various brain cancers. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases from their inception until June 23, 2022. Two reviewers independently reviewed and screened the articles, extracted data, assessed the study quality, and pooled the results. Stata software was used to generate pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We included 20 studies comprising 5,117,222 patients that investigated the relationship between eczema and brain cancer. Eczema was significantly inversely associated with the risk of brain cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.87), glioma (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.14-2.02), meningioma (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.84), and acoustic neuroma (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88). Interesting, The strong correlation between eczema and the reduced risk of brain cancer was observed in people over 16 years old (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.88), but not in those under 16 years old (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79-1.11). In addition, subgroup analyses found that eczema significantly decreased the glioma risk in Europeans (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.82) but not Australians (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.14-2.02) or Americans (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.69-1.46). CONCLUSION: Eczema may be considered as a potential protective factor of brain cancer in population aged over 16 years. However, this relationship requires verification using large-scale clinical data.