Self-expanding cellulose sponge with enhanced hemostatic ability by tannic acid/metal ion composite coating for highly effective hemostasis of difficult-to-control bleeding wounds.

Refractory bleeding presents a critical, life-threatening challenge, and the goal of medical professionals and researchers has always been to achieve safe and effective hemostasis for bleeding wounds. In this study, we utilized the benefits of a self-expanding cellulose sponge to control incompressible bleeding, which is achieved this by creating a tannic acid/metal ion coating on the surface and within the pores of the sponge to improve its hemostatic effectiveness. The effects of various types and concentrations of metal ions (calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) on hemostatic efficiency and biosafety is systematically investigated. The results from bacteriostasis and in vitro coagulation experiments identified 0.3 wt% Fe3+ as the optimal metal ion coating. Scanning electron microscope energy spectrum analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of Fe3+ within the cellulose sponge. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that the prepared tannic acid/Fe3+ coated composite hemostatic sponge exhibits excellent coagulation ability and biocompatibility. Both the bleeding time and theblood loss in two bleeding models are significantly reduced, showing promising potential for treating extensive surface bleeding and deep penetrating wounds. Furthermore, the straightforward preparation method for this composite hemostatic sponge facilitates additional research towards market application.

Geniposide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting TGF-ß/Smad and p38MAPK signaling pathways.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by inflammation and fibrotic changes, with an unknown cause. In the early stages of PF, severe inflammation leads to the destruction of lung tissue, followed by upregulation of fibrotic factors like Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which disrupt normal tissue repair. Geniposide, a natural iridoid glycoside primarily derived from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, possesses various pharmacological activities, including liver protection, choleretic effects, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of Geniposide on chronic inflammation and fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PF was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, and Geniposide(100/50/25mg•kg-1) was orally administered to the mice once a day until euthanasia(14 day/28 day). The Raw264.7 cell inflammation induced by LPS was used to evaluate the effect of Geniposide on the activation of macrophage. Our results demonstrated that Geniposide reduced lung coefficients, decreased the content of Hydroxyproline, and improved pathological changes in lung tissue. It also reduced the number of inflammatory cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of bleomycin-induced PF mice. At the molecular level, Geniposide significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-ß1, Smad2/3, p38, and CTGF in lung tissues of PF mice induced by bleomycin. Molecular docking results revealed that Geniposide exhibited good binding activity with TGF-ß1, Smad2, Smad3, and p38. In vitro study showed Geniposide directly inhibited the activation of macrophage induced by LPS. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Geniposide can ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGF-ß/Smad and p38MAPK signaling pathways.

Exploring the variations in molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter driven by aquaculture types.

In recent decades, global aquaculture has expanded rapidly, raising concerns about coastal environmental degradation due to unregulated or poorly regulated discharge of aquaculture tailwater. Despite the crucial role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in biogeochemical processes and aquatic biodiversity, the influence of aquaculture type on the molecular characteristics of DOM remains largely unexplored. Herein, this study investigated the variations in chemical and spectroscopic properties as well as molecular characteristics and composition of DOM across different aquaculture types including crustacean, fish and shellfish. Our findings revealed notable differences in DOM quantities among different aquaculture types, with crustacean and fish aquaculture water containing higher DOM amount compared to shellfish aquaculture water. This disparity can be attributed to the more frequent formulated feeds of crustacean and fish in contrast to shellfish aquaculture. Furthermore, distinct differences were also observed in the characteristics and composition of DOM among the different aquaculture waters. Specifically, DOM in shellfish aquaculture water exhibited a higher abundance of unsaturated and reduced molecules as well as increased aromaticity compared to the other two aquaculture waters. Conversely, DOM from fish aquaculture water showed a greater contribution from terrestrial origin characterized by elevated levels of plant-based components such as lignin-like and tannin-like compounds. Interestingly, DOM from shellfish aquaculture water contained lower levels of microbial-derived components such as lipid-like and protein-like compounds, likely due to reduced microorganism populations resulting from lower nutrients availability and higher salinity. Overall, these significant variations in characteristics and composition of DOM underscore the potential impacts of aquaculture type on the DOM biogeochemical cycle and the environmental quality in aquatic ecosystems.

Ultrasound Imaging of Macrophages Intracellularly Labelled with Biosynthetic Gas Vesicles.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a novel method for real-time imaging to track macrophages and to make it possible to visually track their dynamic features. PROCEDURES: The archaeon Halobacterium NRC-1 was cultured in an ATCC medium. Buoyant cells were allowed to produce biosynthetic gas vesicles (GVs), and isolated GVs were collected after lysis. Gas vesicle-labelled macrophages (GV@RAWs) were obtained by incubating macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells with GVs. The ability of GV@RAWs to track macrophages in real-time for a long term was assessed using a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system. RESULTS: We successfully synthesised and isolated GV@RAWs by co-incubating them with RAW 264.7. The results showed that GV@RAW produced significant ultrasound signals without affecting cell survival and could achieve real-time imaging for up to 3 days in vitro. CONCLUSION: This research provides a new way to achieve long-term real-time imaging of macrophages, opening up new possibilities for immune response research, clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.

Virtual reality improves sleep quality and associated symptoms in patients with chronic insomnia.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) therapy on sleep quality and associated symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, cognitive decline and autonomic nervous dysfunction, in chronic insomnia patients. METHODS: Sixty-three chronic insomnia patients were randomly divided into VR group (n = 32) and control group (n = 20) based on a standard drug therapy. Patients were instructed to use VR at home once a day at evening for 6-week treatment. All participants received evaluations of subjective sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), depression and anxiety symptoms measured with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), cognitive function, and objective sleep structure and autonomic nerve function examination measured with the sleep respiration monitoring device at baseline and after 6-week treatment. The main objective of this study was sleep quality assessment as the primary outcome. RESULTS: After 6-week treatment, the decreases in PSQI score (-5.60 ± 2.37 vs -4.10 ± 1.80, P = 0.020) and ISI score (-8.81 ± 4.52 vs -6.35 ± 2.89, P = 0.038) of the VR group were significantly greater compared with the control group. The VR group showed more reduction in HAMD score (-9.96 ± 4.41 vs -7.50 ± 2.89, P = 0.035) and HAMA score (-8.96 ± 3.80 vs -6.80 ± 3.22, P = 0.046), and more increase in processing speed (0.54 ± 0.60 vs 0.00 ± 0.79, P = 0.011) than the control group. Moreover, the low-frequency coupling (-10.00 ± 17.40 vs. 8.25 ± 20.03, P = 0.001) was lowered and the high-frequency coupling (9.99 ± 17.40 vs. -8.24 ± 20.03, P = 0.001) was elevated in the VR group relative to the control group. CONCLUSION: Our findings offered preliminary evidence that VR therapy enhanced sleep quality and also lessened depressive and anxious symptoms, and improved cognitive and autonomic functioning in patients with chronic insomnia.

The aroma formation from fresh tea leaves of Longjing 43 to finished Enshi Yulu tea at an industrial scale.

BACKGROUND: Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) is the most representative of steamed green tea in China, but its aroma formation in processing is unclear. Thus, the ESYL volatiles during the whole industrial processing were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A total of 134 volatiles were identified. Among these, 31 differential volatiles [P < 0.05 and variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1] and 25 key volatiles [relative odor activity value (rOAV) and/or the ratio of each rOAV to the maximum rOAV (ROAV) > 1.0] were screened out, wherein ß-ionone and nonanal were the most key odorants. Besides, the sensory evaluation combined with multivariate statistical analysis of volatiles pinpointed spreading, fixation, first drying, and second drying as the key processing steps that have a pronounced influence on the aroma quality of ESYL. Furthermore, the oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, synthesis of monoterpenes, and degradation of carotenoids were the main metabolic pathway for the formation of key odorants. CONCLUSION: The study provides comprehensive insights into the volatile characteristics during the industrial processing of ESYL and promote our understanding of the aroma formation in steamed green teas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Structural engineering evoked multifunctionality in molybdate nanosheets for industrial oxygen evolution and dual energy storage devices inspired by multi-method calculations.

Structural engineering, including electronic and geometric modulations, is a good approach to improve the activity of electrocatalysts. Herein, we employed FeOOH and the second metal center Ni to modulate the electronic structure of CoMoO4 and used a low temperature solvothermal route and a chemical etching method to prepare the special hollow hierarchical structure. Based on the prediction of multi-method calculations by density functional theory (DFT) and ab initial molecular dynamics (AIMD), a series of materials were fabricated. Among them, the optimal hollow FeOOH/(Ni1Co1)MoO4 by coating (NiCo)MoO4 nanosheets on FeOOH nanotubes showed excellent performances toward high current density oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline and simulated seawater solutions, hybrid supercapacitor (HSC), and aqueous battery due to the well-controlled electronic and geometric structures. The optimal FeOOH/(Ni1Co1)MoO4 required overpotentials of 225 and 546 mV to deliver 10 and 1000 mA cm-2 current densities toward alkaline OER, and maintained a good stability for 100 h at 200 mA cm-2 with negligible attenuation. The FeOOH/(Ni1Co1)MoO4//Pt/C electrolyzer exhibited a low cell voltage of 1.52 and 1.79 V to drive 10 and 200 mA cm-2 and retained a long-term durability nearly 100 h at 1.79 V. As the electrode of energy storage devices, it possessed a specific capacity of 342 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. HSC and SC-type battery devices were fabricated. The assembled HSC kept a capacitance retention of 94 % after 10,000 cycles. This work provided a way to fabricate effective and stable multifunctional materials for energy storage and conversion with the aid of multi-method calculations.

Simple "Door-Locking" Technique Using One Single-Row Anchor for Repairing Large Bony Bankart Lesions.

Large bony Bankart injuries are typically stabilized using screws or plates or multiple anchors. Here, the "door-locking" technique, using a single-row anchor, can provide effective fixation for massive bony Bankart injuries. This technique offers several advantages over open fixation surgery or other techniques that use more than 2 suture anchors, including simpler surgical procedures, lower medical costs, and satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Covalent Bonding of Salen Metal Complexes with Pyrene Chromophores to Porous Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The development of low-cost and efficient photocatalysts to achieve water splitting to hydrogen (H2) is highly desirable but remains challenging. Herein, we design and synthesize two porous polymers (Co-Salen-P and Fe-Salen-P) by covalent bonding of salen metal complexes and pyrene chromophores for photocatalytic H2 evolution. The catalytic results demonstrate that the two polymers exhibit excellent catalytic performance for H2 generation in the absence of additional noble-metal photosensitizers and cocatalysts. Particularly, the H2 generation rate of Co-Salen-P reaches as high as 542.5 µmol g-1 h-1, which is not only 6 times higher than that of Fe-Salen-P but also higher than a large amount of reported Pt-assisted photocatalytic systems. Systematic studies show that Co-Salen-P displays faster charge separation and transfer efficiencies, thereby accounting for the significantly improved photocatalytic activity. This study provides a facile and efficient way to fabricate high-performance photocatalysts for H2 production.

CD147 protein molecule expression and chromosomal instability in the pathogenesis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.

Low-coverage whole genome sequencing was performed for tissue samples from thyroid patients who received surgery treatment from 2015 to 2021. The potential biological significance of CD147 protein in thyroid cancer was explored through correlation analysis of CD147 protein expression level and clinical features of thyroid cancer patients. Low coverage whole genome sequencing was performed on the extracted DNA samples. The copy number analysis software was used to analyze the sequencing data, calculate the copy number of CD147 gene, further verify the expression of CD147 gene, and analyze its association with clinical features. The relationship between CIN and high risk was evaluated in the internal cohort. The association of CIN with the disease-free survival was validated in the cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Thyroglobulin plays a key role in regulating thyroid function and maintaining normal metabolic rate. By sequencing tissue samples from this study, we can gain a deeper understanding of the association between cin and thyroid disease. The percentage of high risk patients in the multiple CIN group (77.8 %) was significantly higher than that in the 22q negative group (31.3 %), BRAF V600E group (22.2 %) and all negative group (25.0 %; p = 0.043).

Dynamic changes in the aroma profiles and volatiles of Enshi Yulu tea throughout its industrial processing.

Although Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) possesses a distinctive fragrance, there is a scarcity of studies focusing on its primary volatiles or aroma genesis. This study aims to elucidate the dynamics in the profiles of aromas and volatiles through aroma profiling analysis and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 10 aroma attributes and 128 volatiles were identified in ESYL, with geraniol and linalool exhibiting the highest levels, and alcohols constituting the predominant proportion. Besides, a relative odor activity value (ROAV) based molecular aroma wheel was constructed, revealing 12 key odorants with ROAVs >1, wherein linalool, ß-ionone, and nonanal ranked highest. Notably, steaming and final drying emerged as critical steps for ESYL aroma development, while the non-enzymatic degradation of fatty acids likely contributed to the formation of its fresh aroma. These findings significantly enhance our comprehension of ESYL aroma formation.

Identification of biomarkers associated with ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy based on WGCNA and machine learning.

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic progressive eye disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide, and ferroptosis may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of DR. The main objective of this work is to explore key genes associated with ferroptosis in DR and to determine their feasibility as diagnostic markers. Methods: WGCNA identify the most relevant signature modules in DR. Machine learning methods were used to de-screen the feature genes. ssGSEA calculated the scoring of immune cells in the DR versus control samples and compared the associations with the core genes by Spearman correlation. Results: We identified 2,897 differential genes in DR versus normal samples. WGCNA found tan module to have the highest correlation with DR patients. Finally, 20 intersecting genes were obtained from differential genes, tan module and iron death genes, which were screened by LASSO and SVM-RFE method, and together identified 6 genes as potential diagnostic markers. qPCR verified the expression and ROC curves confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the 6 genes. In addition, our ssGSEA scoring identified these 6 core genes as closely associated with immune infiltrating cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed for the first time the potential link of iron death in the pathogenesis of DR. This has important implications for future studies of iron death-mediated pro-inflammatory immune mechanisms.

Research on quality marker based on the processing from Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata to Heishunpian.

INTRODUCTION: Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata (ALRP), the sub root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is a traditional Chinese medicine with good pharmacological effects. Heishunpian (HSP), prepared through the process of brine immersing, boiling, rinsing, dyeing, and steaming ALRP is one of the most widely used forms of decoction pieces in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of component changes and transformations during the processing from ALRP to HSP, and to screen for their quality markers through UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. METHODS: Samples from ALRP to HSP during processing were prepared and analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. By comparing the differences between before and after each processing step, the purpose of processing and the transformation of components during processing were studied. In addition, multiple batches of ALRP and HSP were determined, and potential quality markers were screened. RESULTS: Through the analysis of ALRP and five key processing samples, 55 components were identified. Immersing in brine, rinsing, and dyeing were the main factors of component loss, and boiling caused a slight loss of components. Some components were enhanced during the steaming process. Combining the screened differences components between multiple ALRP and HSP, 10 components were considered as potential quality biomarkers. CONCLUSION: This study found that the adjacent hydroxyl groups of the ester group may have a positive impact on the hydrolysis of the ester group, and 10 quality markers were preliminarily screened. It provides a reference for quality control and clinical application of ALRP and HSP.

Transition of intracranial aneurysmal wall enhancement from high to low wall shear stress mediation with size increase: A hemodynamic study based on 7T magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Wall shear stress (WSS) has been proved to be related to the formation, development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be caused by inflammation and have confirmed its relationship with low WSS. High WSS can also result in inflammation but the research of its correlation with AWE is lack because of the focus on large aneurysms limited by 3T MRI in most previous studies.This study aimed to assess the potential association between high or low WSS and AWE in different aneuryms. Especially the relationship between high WSS and AWE in small aneurysm. Methods: Forty-three unruptured intracranial aneurysms in 42 patients were prospectively included for analysis. 7.0 T MRI was used for imaging. Aneurysm size was measured on three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) images. Aneurysm-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CRstalk) was calculated on post-contrast black-blood T1-weighted fast spin echo sequence images. Hemodynamics were assessed by four-dimensional flow MRI. Results: The small aneurysms group had more positive WSS-CRstalk correlation coefficient distribution (dome: 78.6 %, p = 0.009; body: 50.0 %, p = 0.025), and large group had more negative coefficient distribution (dome: 44.8 %, p = 0.001; body: 69.0 %, p = 0.002). Aneurysm size was positively correlated with the significant OSI-CRstalk correlation coefficient at the dome (p = 0.012) and body (p = 0.010) but negatively correlated with the significant WSS-CRstalk correlation coefficient at the dome (p < 0.001) and body (p = 0.017). Conclusion: AWE can be mediated by both high and low WSS, and translate from high WSS- to low WSS-mediated pathways as size increase. Additionally, AWE may serve as an indicator of the stage of aneurysm development via different correlations with hemodynamic factors.

The regulation of intestinal flora on host's genes may play an essential role in the development of endometrial hyperplastic processes in yang deficiency individuals.

Yang-deficiency constitution (YADC) is linked to a higher vulnerability to various diseases, such as cold coagulation and blood stasis (CCBS) syndrome and infertility. Endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHPs) are a leading cause of infertility in women and are characterized by CCBS. However, it remains unclear whether YADC is related to the development of EHPs. METHODS: We recruited 202 EHPs patients including 147 with YADC (YEH group) and 55 with non-YADC (NYEH group). Fecal samples were collected from 8 YEH patients and 3 NYEH patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. We obtained constitution survey data and a differential gut microbiota dataset from the literature for further analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using gut microbiota-related genes from public databases. RESULTS: YADC was significantly more prevalent in EHPs than non-YADC (P < 0.001), suggesting it as a potential risk factor for EHPs occurrence (ORpopulation survey = 13.471; ORhealthy women = 5.173). The YEH group had higher levels of inflammation, estrogen, and tamoxifen-related flora compared to NYEH and healthy YADC groups. There was an interaction between inflammation, estrogen, differential flora, and EHPs-related genes, particularly the TNF gene (related to inflammation) and the EGFR gene (related to estrogen), which may play a crucial role in EHPs development. CONCLUSION: YEH individuals exhibit significant changes in their gut microbiota compared to NYEH and healthy YADC. The interaction between specific microbiota and host genes is believed to play a critical role in the progression of EHPs.

Carbon-Based Composites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts: Design, Fabrication, and Application.

The four-electron oxidation process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) highly influences the performance of many green energy storage and conversion devices due to its sluggish kinetics. The fabrication of cost-effective OER electrocatalysts via a facile and green method is, hence, highly desirable. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in creating carbon-based materials for alkaline OER. The contents mainly focus on the design, fabrication, and application of carbon-based materials for alkaline OER, including metal-free carbon materials, carbon-based supported composites, and carbon-based material core-shell hybrids. The work presents references and suggestions for the rational design of highly efficient carbon-based OER materials.

The impact of exercise on the gut microbiota in middle-aged amateur serious runners: a comparative study.

Introduction: Exercise, health, and the gut microbiota (GM) are strongly correlated. Research indicates that professional athletes, especially ultra-marathon runners, have unique GM characteristics. However, more research has focused on elite athletes, with little attention given to amateur sports enthusiasts, especially those in the middle-aged population. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of long-term running on the composition and potential functions of the GM in middle-aged individuals. Methods: We compared the GM of 25 middle-aged serious runnerswith 22 sedentary healthy controls who had minimal exercise habitsusing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we assessed dietary habits using a food frequency questionnaire. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in dietary patterns between the control group and serious runners. Diversity analysis results indicate that there is no significant difference in α diversity between the two groups of GM, but there is a significant difference in ß diversity. Analysis of the composition of GM reveals that Ruminococcus and Coprococcus are significantly enriched in serious runners, whereas Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Lachnospira are enriched in the control group. Differential analysis of functional pathway prediction results reveals significant differences in the functional metabolism levels of GM between serious runners and the control group. Further correlation analysis results indicate that this difference may be closely related to variations in GM. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term exercise can lead to changes in the composition of the GM. These changes have the potential to impact the overall health of the individual by influencing metabolic regulation.

Magnetic CoFe hydrotalcite composite Co metal-organic framework material efficiently activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade sulfamethoxazole: Oxygen vacancy-mediated radical and non-radical pathways.

Herein, a novel rich oxygen vacancy (Ov) cobalt-iron hydrotalcite composite cobalt metal-organic framework material (ZIF-67/CoFe-LDH) was prepared by simple urea water and heat reduction approach and utilized for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX). 95 ± 1.32 % SMX (20 mg/L) was able to degraded in 20 min with TOC removal of 53 ± 1.56 % in ZIF-67/CoFe-LDH/PMS system. The system maintained a fantastic catalytic capability with wide pH range (3-9) and common interfering substances (Cl-, NO3-, CO32-, PO42- and humic acid (HA)), and the degradation efficiency could even remain 80.2 ± 1.48 % at the fifth cycle. Meanwhile, the applicability and feasibility of the catalysts for practical water treatment was verified by the degradation effects of SMX in different water environments and several other typical pollutants. Co and Fe bimetallic active centers synergistically activate PMS, and density functional theory (DFT) predicted adsorption energy about Ov in ZIF-67/CoFe-LDH for PMS was 1.335 eV, and OO bond length of PMS was stretched to 1.826 Å. As a result, PMS was more easily activated and broken, which accelerated the singlet oxygen (1O2), sulfate radical (SO4•-), high-valent metals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radical and non-radical jointly degrading the pollutants improved the catalytic effect. Finally, SMX degradation intermediates were analyzed to explain the degradation pathway and their biotoxicity was also evaluated. This paper provides a new research perspective of oxygen vacancy activating PMS to degrade pollutants.

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of mogrol derivatives modified at C24 site.

Mogrol, the aglycone of well-known sweeter mogrosides, shows potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, forty-two mogrol derivatives bearing various pharmacophores with oxygen or nitrogen atoms were designed and synthesized via structural modification at C24 site, and their anti-inflammatory activity were screened against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compared with mogrol, most of derivatives exhibited stronger inhibition of NO production without cytotoxicity. In particular, compound B5 that contained an indole motif effectively suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6, and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4, p-p65 and iNOS proteins. Molecular docking showed that the active B5 interacted with amino acid residues of iNOS protein through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions with binding affinity value of -12.1 kcal/mol, which was much stronger than mogrol (-8.9 kcal/mol). These results suggest that derivative B5 is a promising anti-inflammatory molecule and the strategy of hybridizing indole skeleton on mogrol is worthy for further attention.

Adult pancreatoblastoma with atypical histological morphology combined with familial adenomatous polyposis: a rare case report.

Pancreatoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant pancreatic epithelial tumor that mostly occurs in children and occasionally occurs in adults. The tumor has acinar cell differentiation and squamous corpuscles/squamous epithelial islands, which are frequently separated by fibrous bundles. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by the presence of numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum. Cases of pancreatoblastoma combined with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are rarely reported. A review of a rare case of adult pancreatoblastoma with atypical histological morphology combined with familial adenomatous polyposis is presented herein. In this case, the patient was first diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis and subsequently found to have pancreatoblastoma 1 year and 3 months later. This suggests pancreatoblastoma may occur in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or a family history of the condition, indicating a possible association between the two tumors. Therefore, pancreatoblastoma should be included in a differential diagnosis for FAP patients with a pancreatic mass. The final diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma depends on the pathological diagnosis. Acinar-like cells and squamous corpuscles/squamous epithelial cell islands under light microscopy are the key diagnostic points. This case report also can improve the awareness of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists on the presence of rare tumor-adult pancreatoblastoma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.