Highly efficient and stable semi-transparent perovskite solar modules with a trilayer anode electrode.

Highly efficient and stable semi-transparent CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photovoltaic cells are realized by using an ITO/MoOx bilayer conductive oxide as the anode electrode with a cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (CT) based hole-transport material (HTM), which allows bifacial illumination from both sides of the electrodes. The wide bandgap MoOx thin film is not only to be an electron blocking layer, but also to be a passivation layer which can withstand the excessive energy bombardment during the magnetron sputtering process for the deposition of a high-quality ITO thin film. Atomic-force microscopy images, transmittance spectra and water-droplet contact angle images show that the interfacial contact between MoOx and hole transport layer (HTL) strongly influences the short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) values for the bifacial perovskite solar cells (0.16 cm2) and modules (11.7 cm2) are 16.38% and 14.96%, respectively. In addition, the PCE of the ITO/MoOx/CT-HTM based perovskite solar module decreases slowly toward a stable value (∼11%) for more than 700 h under wet environment conditions (70 ± 5 RH%).

[Chemical constituents against hepatic fibrosis from Phyllodium pulchellum roots].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bioactive constituents against hepatic fibrosis from the roots of Phyllodium pulchellum. METHODS: The chemical constituents of Phyllodium pulchellum roots were obtained by various chromatographic technologies and identified by several spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Ten compounds were elucidated as 3,5,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-2",2"-dimethylpyrano-[5",6",7,8] -flavanone (1), yukovanol (2), citflavanone (3), 8-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (4), pulchelstyrene A (5), pulchelstyrene B (6), pulchelstyrene D (7), 3-indolcarbaldehyde (8), 3-methoxyindole (9) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10). The effects to inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC-T6 cells of all isolated compounds were also evaluated. CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time except for compounds 5 - 7. Compounds 2,4,5 and 6 can inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC-T6 cells in vitro.

Phenolic constituents from the roots of Phyllodium pulchellum.

Three new phenolic constituents 1-3 were obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Phyllodium pulchellum (Leguminosae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, such as NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD. Furthermore, in an in vitro bioassay, all compounds were tested for inhibitory effects against the proliferation of acetaldehyde-stimulated HSC-T6 cells, and compound 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 7.6 µM.