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1.
Int J Food Sci ; 2022: 1512505, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35400147

RESUMO

The nutritional composition and toxicity of native plants with food potential like Capsicum chacoense are important for the safe use of populations and could be used as a source for searching for new drug candidates. Infections produced by parasites such as helminths are a public health concern for many countries. The drugs used for treating these diseases are few, and the emergence of resistance is a risk. In this work, the nutritional composition, acute toxicity, antioxidant activity, and anthelmintic activity of crushed C. chacoense fruits were evaluated. The composition was analyzed by standard procedures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS radical and the total phenolic compound (TPC) tests. The toxicity was evaluated on Swiss albino mice by the single-DL50-dose procedure. The anthelmintic activity was tested against Eisenia foetida. The samples presented high levels of dietary fiber (47.05-49.19 g/100 g), proteins (14.43-15.60 g/100 g), and potassium (1708-1733 mg/100 g). In the samples, the absence of acute lethal effects in doses lower than 2000 mg/kg was observed. A rich composition of TPC (517.26-543.32 mg GAE/100 g sample), total carotenoids (125.72-239.57 mg/kg), ß-carotene (3.29-5.60 mg/kg), and good TAC was observed (154-158 mM TEAC/g SMTC). The methanolic extracts at the doses tested (2.5 to 40 mg/mL) showed good anthelmintic activity. The presence of alkaloids was demonstrated in the methanolic extract, consistent with the levels of capsaicin (131.85 and 98.80 mg/100 g) and dihydrocapsaicin (80.75 and 63.68 mg/100 g), with significant statistical differences between samples (p < 0.05). These results show that through the chemical composition of this underutilized native resource and good fruit processing procedures, the C. chacoense fruits have a great nutraceutical potential of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

2.
Biology (Basel) ; 10(12)2021 Dec 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34943266

RESUMO

The "Kurugua" (Sicana odorifera) is a native fruit that demonstrates attractive nutritional, coloring, flavoring, and antioxidant properties. The main by-products from the processing and consumption of kurugua fruit are epicarp and seeds. In this work, the properties of the seeds of S. odorifera were evaluated. The nutritional composition of the fruit seeds was determined through AOAC official methods and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling. The antioxidant activities were determined using in vitro methods, and the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective properties were investigated in Swiss albino mice. Quercetin derivatives and cucurbitacins were the main phytochemicals in the seeds' methanolic extract and demonstrated some biological activities. GC-MS analysis revealed the essential fatty acids linolenic and linoleic as the main compounds present in seeds oil. The methanolic extract significantly reduced the serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in mice with induced hepatotoxicity (GPT p < 0.05; GOT p < 0.001) at the minor concentration tested (100 mg/kg EMSo). The results suggest that the S. odorifera seeds as by-products show potential use as a source of phytochemicals and in the production of oils with application in food supplements and nutraceuticals. Their integral use could contribute to waste reduction from kurugua fruits processing within the food safety and environmental sustainability framework.

3.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng ; 4(2): 647-653, 2018 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33418753

RESUMO

Among all novel challenges nowadays worldwide, infectious disease is probably one of the most important. It is well-known that common treatments used include high doses of antibiotics, which are very invasive therapies for patients. These treatments are more intensive when the infection is related to multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this sense, in this work we report the use of reverse micelles to form less than 5 nm gold, silver, and gold-silver nanoparticles (NPs) with biological activity against five opportunistic Candida strains responsible of several diseases in human beings. As a result, we evaluate the interface properties and droplet-droplet interactions of micelles founding high fluidity in the polar head of the surfactant, necessary to form a flexible interaction channel in the "dimmer" micelle-micelle. In this condition, we form monodispersed, highly reactive NPs with sizes less than 5 nm with high antifungal activity against C. parapsilosis, C. Krusei, C. glabrata, C. guillermondii, and C. albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) less than 0.7 ppm in all cases, the lowest reported to the best of our knowledge. These are very promising results to develop alternative therapies to treat fungal diseases in humans, animals, and plants, or to coat conventional surfaces in surgery rooms.

4.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 15(3): 19-26, Dic. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-907838

RESUMO

Los lípidos de los alimentos cumplen un papel fundamental en nutrición humana. Con base en los potenciales efectos perjudiciales para la salud de las dietas altas en ácidos grasos trans (AGT) y la necesidad de contar con información sobre los niveles en alimentos de consumo local, se han investigado el contenido de AGT por espectrometría infrarroja, grasas totales y el porcentaje de AGT con respecto a lípidos totales en algunos alimentos procesados y materia prima grasa comercializados en cuatro ciudades de zonas urbanas del Paraguay. De los 28 tipos de alimentos analizados, el 84,7% contenía ≥0,2 gAGT/porción. Alrededor del 79% superó 5% de AGT totales en el contenido lipídico del alimento, nivel superior al recomendado actualmente por la OMS. En las muestras de materia prima grasa, se encontraron niveles excepcionalmente altos de AGT totales (77,6%) en comparación con los niveles recomendados (5%). Este trabajo presenta los primeros datos sobre el contenido de AGT en alimentos tradicionales de consumo en Paraguay como la chipa1, y destaca la importancia del control de la composición de los alimentos de venta local y sin etiquetado, así como la necesidad de apuntar a la reformulación de estos alimentos, con menores niveles de AGT con base en las recomendaciones nutricionales actuales a nivel mundial para la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares.


The food fats play a fundamental role in human nutrition. Based on the known adverse health effects of diets high in trans fatty acids (TFA) and the need for information on levels in food for local consumption, in this work we investigated the content of total lipids and total TFA in some processed foods and fat raw material commercialized in four cities in urban areas of Paraguay. Of the 28 types of foods analyzed, 84.7% contained ≥0.2 g TFA/serving. Approximately 79% exceeded 5% of total TFA in food fat, which is higher than those levelscurrently recommended by the WHO. In raw material fat samples, exceptionally high levels of total TFA were found (77.6%) compared to the recommended level (5%). This paper presents the first data on the content of TFA in traditional foods of consumption in Paraguay, as “chipa”, and highlights the importance of the control of the composition of the foods of local sale and without labeling, as well as the need to point to the reformulation of these foods, with lower levels of trans fatty acids based on the current nutritional recommendations worldwide for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.


Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos , Lipídeos , Ácidos Graxos trans , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho
5.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 74(3): 193-198, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692378

RESUMO

Introducción: El síndrome confusional agudo es un problema frecuente en el adulto mayor, incrementado por patologías agudas. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia del síndrome confusional agudo en adultos mayores no críticos hospitalizados en un servicio de emergencia e identificar factores asociados. Diseño: Estudio transversal. Lugar: Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pacientes de 60 años o más. Intervenciones: Siguiendo normas de buenas prácticas clínicas, se entrevistó entre mayo y agosto 2010 a paciente/cuidador de 172 pacientes de 60 años o más, hospitalizados en salas de emergencia; se revisó la historia clínica. Principales medidas de resultados: Detectar síndrome confusional agudo mediante el Confussion Assessment Method. Resultados: La frecuencia de síndrome confusional agudo fue 34,9%, según categoría de adulto mayor: enfermo 6%, frágil 28%, complejo 58% (p<0,001). Se encontró antecedente de demencia en 30% de pacientes con síndrome confusional, deterioro cognitivo previo en 45%, síndrome confusional previo en 40,2%, dependencia funcional parcial 46% y total 39%, deterioro cognitivo moderado 27% y severo 40%. El 41,7% de pacientes con síndrome confusional presentó deshidratación moderada-severa (p=0,001) y 20% sepsis, como diagnósticos de ingreso (p=0,003). Las patologías de ingreso más frecuentes fueron infecciosas, cardiovasculares y metabólicas. No se encontró diferencia significativa en sexo, grado de instrucción, estado civil, pluripatología, hospitalización previa, polifarmacia, estado nutricional, presencia de sonda urinaria o nasogástrica, destino al egreso de emergencia ni estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Existe alta frecuencia de síndrome confusional agudo en adultos mayores hospitalizados en servicios de emergencia, siendo factores asociados la demencia, deterioro cognitivo previo, confusión previa, dependencia funcional, categoría geriátrico complejo, deshidratación moderada-severa y sepsis.


Introduction: Acute confusional state is a frequent problem in the elderly and is increased by acute pathologies. Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute confusional state in non-critical elderly emergency service inpatients and to identify associated factors. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Emergency Unit, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru. Participants: Sixty-year-old or older patients hospitalized in an emergency unit. Interventions: Between May and August 2010 and according to procedures of good clinical practices, 172 60-year-old or older patients hospitalized in an emergency unit or their caregivers were interviewed and clinical records were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Acute confusional state detection with the Confusion Assessment Method. Results: The frequency of acute confusional state according to category of elderly was 34.9%: ill 6%, fragile 28% and complex 58% (p <0,001). There was history of dementia in 30% of patients with acute confusional state, cognitive previous deterioration in 45%, previous acute confusional state in 40.2%, functional partial dependence in 46% and total dependence in 39%, cognitive moderate deterioration in 27% and severe in 40%; 41.7% of patients with acute confusional state presented moderate -severe dehydration (p=0.001) and 20% sepsis at admission (p=0.003). The most frequent pathologies at admission were infectious, cardiovascular and metabolic. There was no significant difference in sex, instruction degree, marital status, pluripathology, previous hospitalization, polymedication, nutritional condition, use of urinary or nasogastric tubes, destiny at discharge, or hospital stay. Conclusions: High frequency of acute confusional state existed in elderly patients, being associated factors dementia, previous cognitive deterioration, previous confusional state, functional dependence, complex geriatric category, moderate - severe dehydration and sepsis.

7.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru ; 30(1): 46-51, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20445724

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The liver abscess (LA) continues to cause a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To determine demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging and management at the Arzobispo Loayza Hospital in 5 years. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study, based on medical records of patients diagnosed with LA between January 2003 to December 2007. RESULTS: Of 106 medical records reviewed, 46 entered the study. The mean age was 47.8 years (95% CI 41.9-53.8 years), 21 patients were over 50 years (45.6%) and 52.2% were male. The main symptoms were fever (95.6%) and right upper quadrant pain (73.5%). The average time of disease was 2.5 weeks. We found high frequency of hypoalbuminemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, leukocytosis and anemia. The diagnosis was mostly based on ecography (97.8%), AH were mainly a single abscess (73%) located in the right lobe (77%), with an average diameter of 70 mm (p25-75: 44-90 mm), and 69.6% had more than 5 cm in diameter. Antibiotics were administered for 18.6 days (range: 3-30), being the combination administered more frequently metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Seventeen patients (36.9%) underwent surgery, 7 patients (15.2%) received external drainage by percutaneous catheter and 10.9% (5 patients) was aspirated directly. CONCLUSION: LA is an acute or subacute disease of middle age without gender bias, whose main symptoms are fever and right upper quadrant pain. It is necessary to protocolize the management of this condition.


Assuntos
Abscesso Hepático/diagnóstico , Abscesso Hepático/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 30(1): 46-51, ene.-mar. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-558995

RESUMO

El absceso hepático (AH) sigue siendo causa de alta morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Objetivo : Conocer las características demográficas, presentación clínico - imagenológica y manejo en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza en 5 años.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo û retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de AH entre Enero 2003 a Diciembre 2007. Resultados : De 106 historias clínicas revisadas, 46 ingresaron al estudio. La edadmedia fue de 47,8 años (95 por ciento IC 41,9-53,8 años), 21 pacientes eran mayores de 50 años (45,6 por ciento) y 52,2 por ciento fueron varones. Los síntomas principales fueron fiebre (95,6 por ciento) y dolor en hipocondrio derecho (73,5 por ciento); el tiempo promedio de enfermedad fue 2,5 semanas. Encontramos elevada frecuencia de hipoalbuminemia, incremento de fosfatasa alcalina, leucocitosis y anemia. El diagnóstico principalmente fue ecográfico (97,8 por ciento), como absceso único (73 por ciento), ubicado en lóbulo derecho (77), con un diámetro promedio de 70mm (p25-75: 44-90mm) y 69,6 por ciento tuvieron más de 5 cm de diámetro. Todos recibieron antibioticoterapia por 18,6 días en promedio (rango: 3-30); siendo la combinación más frecuente metronidazol y ciprofloxacino. Diecisiete pacientes (36,9 por ciento) fueron operados, 7 pacientes (15,2 por ciento) recibieron drenaje externo con catéter percutáneo y en 10,9 por ciento (5 pacientes) se manejó con aspiración directa. Conclusión : El AH es una patología aguda o subaguda, de mediana edad, sin preferencia de género, cuya sintomatología principal es fiebre y dolor en hipocondrio derecho. Es necesario protocolizar el manejo de esta patología.


The liver abscess (LA) continues to cause a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objetives: To determine demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging and management at the Arzobispo Loayza Hospital in 5 years. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study, based on medical records of patients diagnosed with LA between January 2003 to December 2007. Results : Of 106 medical records reviewed, 46 entered the study. The mean age was 47.8 years (95 percent CI 41.9-53.8 years), 21 patients were over 50 years (45.6 percent) and 52.2 percent were male. The main symptoms were fever (95.6 percent) and right upper quadrant pain (73.5 percent). The average time of disease was 2.5 weeks. We found high frequency of hypoalbuminemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, leukocytosis and anemia. The diagnosis was mostly based on ecography (97.8 percent), AH were mainly a single abscess (73 percent) located in the right lobe (77 percent), with an average diameter of 70 mm (p25-75: 44-90mm), and 69.6 percent had more than 5 cm in diameter. Antibiotics were administered for 18.6 days (range: 3-30), being the combination administered more frequently metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Seventeen patients (36.9 percent) underwent surgery, 7 patients (15.2 percent) received external drainage by percutaneous catheter and 10.9 percent (5 patients) was aspirated directly. Conclusion : LA is an acute or subacute disease of middle age without gender bias, whose main symptoms are fever and right upper quadrant pain. It is necessary to protocolize the management of this condition.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso Hepático , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano , Abscesso Hepático Piogênico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Rev. Soc. Peru. Med. Interna ; 22(1): 25-29, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-537485

RESUMO

Varón de 76 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y enfermedad de Parkinson que ingresó por un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico derecho. Se le halló cuatro nódulos indoloros en la región subescapular izquierda, uno de ellos drenando secreción purulenta, de un año y medio de evolución. Se demostró una fístula y los estudios iniciales fueron negativos, excepto la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus como superinfección. La biopsia reveló una reacción inflamatoria crónica de tipo granulomatoso conformación de cáseo. El test de Tuberculina fue positivo y el cultivo MODS fue positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hubo mejoría clínica luego del tratamiento convencional. Además, se le diagnóstico depresión mayor severa.


A 76 year-old male patient, with a past record of arterial hypertension and Parkinson's disease, entered to the hospital because of a right lobe ischemic stroke. Resides, it was noted four lumps, one of them drained purulent secretion, that evolved in the last one and a half years. A fistula was showed and all tests were negative except a pus culture in which Staphylococcus aureus had grown as a superinfection. The biopsy revealed a caseating chronic granulomatous reaction. The PPD test was positive and in the MODS culture grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There was gradual remission of the lesions after conventional treatment. Furthermore, a severe major depression was diagnosed in the patient.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Depressão , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Cutânea
14.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; Arch. latinoam. nutr;47(1): 77-80, mar. 1997. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-234559

RESUMO

Minerals content (Fe,Ca,Mn,Mg,Na,K,Zn, and Cu) of the leaves of Paraguayan yerba mate (llex paraguariensis, SH) as of commercial products has determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Considerable amounts of iron and calcium and remarkbly high content of magnesium and potassium have been found both in the leaves and in the commercial products. Highly significant difference between the Fe content of the leaves and that of the commercial products has been found. Also, highly significant diference has been found between the and Ca content of the higher quality-greater sale reputed commercial products and that of the lower quality-smaller sale reputed ones. Seasonal and soil linked variations are also presented. The nutritional and quality control significance of these finding for the MERCOSUR (Southern South American Economical Gommunity) are discussed


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Ciências da Nutrição/educação
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