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1.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 49(2): 158-165, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28325625

RESUMO

Farmers raising less than 100 sows represent more than 99% of swine producers in Argentina, although little is known about their sanitary status and productive characteristics in the country. Sanitary and productive information was obtained. Furthermore, samples for serological studies were taken to detect antibodies against Brucella suis (Bs), Aujeszky's disease virus (AV) and influenza virus (IV) in 68 backyard and small producers with less than 100 sows located in the north, central and south regions of Argentina. Antibodies against H1 pandemic were detected in 80% of the farms while 11%, 11.7% and 6.0% of the producers were positive to influenza H3 cluster 2, AV and Bs, respectively. None of the producers was aware of the risk factors concerning the transmission of diseases from pigs to humans. A percentage of 47% of them buy pigs for breeding from other farmers and markets. With regard to biosecurity measures, only 16% of the farms had perimeter fences. The results of this study demonstrate that productive characterization and disease surveys are important to improve productivity and to reduce the risk of disease transmission among animals and humans. The study of sanitary status and risk factors is necessary for better control and eradication of diseases in backyard or small producers. More representative studies at country level should be carried out to detect the pathogensthat circulate and, with this knowledge, to implement prevention and control measures.


Assuntos
Brucella suis , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1 , Orthomyxoviridae , Doenças dos Suínos , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais , Argentina , Brucella suis/isolamento & purificação , Brucelose/transmissão , Feminino , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Orthomyxoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/transmissão , Pseudorraiva/transmissão , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissão
2.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 44(2): 85-8, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22997765

RESUMO

The purpose of this work was to characterize 47 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 32 pigs diagnosed with postweaning diarrhea and three pigs with edema disease by PCR. Forty two (95.5 %) of the strains isolated from diarrheic pigs were characterized as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.5 %) as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Fourteen (33.3 %) ETEC strains were positive for est/estII/fedA genes. The most complex genotype was eltA/estI/faeG/aidA. Strains isolated from pigs with ED were classified as porcine STEC and were stx2e/aidA carriers. Eleven (25 %) strains carried the gene encoding adhesin protein AIDA-I. However, genes coding for F5, F6, F41, intimin and Paa were not detected. The development of vaccines generating antibodies against prevalent E. coli adhesins in Argentina could be useful for the prevention of PWD and ED.


Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Edematose Suína/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Adesinas de Escherichia coli/genética , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Edematose Suína/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Enterotoxinas/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Genótipo , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Desmame
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;44(2): 85-88, jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-657616

RESUMO

El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar mediante PCR 47 aislamientos de Escheríchia coli recuperados de 32 cerdos con diagnóstico clínico de diarrea posdestete (DPD) y de 3 cerdos con enfermedad de los edemas (ED). Sobre 44 aislamientos provenientes de cerdos con DPD, 42 (95,5 %) fueron caracterizados como E. coli enterotoxigénicos (ETEC) y 2 (4,5 %) como E. coli productores de toxina Shiga (STEC). Catorce aislamientos de ETEC (33,3 %) fueron positivos para los genes estl/estlI/fedA. El genotipo más complejo fue eltA/estll/east1/faeG/aidA. Los aislamientos provenientes de cerdos con ED se clasificaron como STEC porcinos y fueron portadores de stxJaidA. Once aislamientos (25 %) fueron portadores del gen que codifica la expresión de la adhesina AIDA-I. Sin embargo, en ningún aislamiento se detectaron los genes que codifican la expresión de las adhesinas F5, F6, F41, de intimina y de "Paa". La prevención de la DPD y de la ED podría realizarse mediante el desarrollo de vacunas que generen anticuerpos contra las adhesinas de las cepas de E. coli prevalentes en la Argentina.


The purpose of this work was to characterize 47 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 32 pigs diagnosed with postweaning diarrhea and tree pigs with edema disease by PCR. Forty two (95.5 %) of the strains isolated from diarrheic pigs were characterized as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.5 %) as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Fourteen (33.3 %) ETEC strains were positive for est/estll/fedA genes. The most complex genotype was eltA/estl/faeG/aidA. Strains isolated from pigs with ED were classified as porcine STEC and were stxjaidA carriers. Eleven (25 %) strains carried the gene encoding adhesln protein AIDA-I. However, genes coding for F5, F6, F41, intimin and Paa were not detected. The development of vaccines generating antibodies against prevalent E. coli adhesins in Argentina could be useful for the prevention of PWD and ED.


Assuntos
Animais , Diarreia/veterinária , Edematose Suína/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Adesinas de Escherichia coli/genética , Argentina/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Edematose Suína/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Enterotoxinas/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Genótipo , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Desmame
4.
Braz. j. vet. pathol ; 5(1): 25-30, mar. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1397656

RESUMO

An outbreak of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in a commercial pig farm, characterized by granulomatous enteritis, was studied by slaughter checks and by histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Six of the postmortem examined pigs (117-122-day-old) with diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) showed granulomatous enteritis and 4.3% of the 465 slaughtered pigs showed gross lesions of PPE. A total of 33 of the 66 ileum samples had histopathological changes, whereas 17 of them had granulomatous enteritis and PPE lesions. Lawsonia intracellularis was immunolabeled in 52 of the ileum samples in epithelial cells and within granulomatous inflammation in Peyer´s patches and in 28 samples of mesenteric lymph nodes. Porcine circovirus type 2 was only detected by immunohistochemistry in 4 ileum samples and in 5 mesenteric lymph nodes. Since there was a strong statistically significant association between granulomatous enteritis and L. intracellularis infection, granulomatous enteritis could be considered as a part of the PPE complex.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Doença de Crohn/veterinária , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Ileíte/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lawsonia (Bactéria) , Infecções por Desulfovibrionaceae , Enteropatias/veterinária
5.
J Gen Virol ; 92(Pt 12): 2871-2878, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21849519

RESUMO

Sporadic outbreaks of human H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV) infections in swine populations have been reported in Asia, Europe and North America since 1970. In South America, serological surveys in pigs indicate that IAVs of the H3 and H1 subtypes are currently in circulation; however, neither virus isolation nor characterization has been reported. In November 2008, an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs consistent with swine influenza virus (SIV) infection was detected in Argentina. The current study describes the clinical epidemiology, pathology, and molecular and biological characteristics of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus isolate shared nucleotide identities of 96-98 % with H3N2 IAVs that circulated in humans from 2000 to 2003. Antigenically, sera from experimentally inoculated animals cross-reacted mainly with non-contemporary human-origin H3N2 influenza viruses. In an experimental infection in a commercial swine breed, the virus was of low virulence but was transmitted efficiently to contact pigs and caused severe disease when an infected animal acquired a secondary bacterial infection. This is the first report of a wholly human H3N2 IAV associated with clinical disease in pigs in South America. These studies highlight the importance of two-way transmission of IAVs and SIVs between pigs and humans, and call for enhanced influenza surveillance in the pig population worldwide.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Influenza Humana/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissão , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Replicação Viral
6.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 6(8): 965-72, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19642916

RESUMO

The aim of this surveillance was to study both Salmonella spp. shedding patterns and the time course of serological response in farrow-to-finish reared pigs from a subclinically infected farm. Antimicrobial resistance profile, molecular subtyping, and the relationship among the isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A farrow-to-finish farm of 6000 sows, with a history of Salmonella Typhimurium septicemia, was selected. A longitudinal bacteriological and serological study was conducted in 25 sows before farrowing (M/S1) and in 50 offspring at 21 (M/S2), 35 (M/S3), 65 (M/S4), 86 (M/S5), 128 (M/S6), and 165 (M/S7) days of age. Serum antibodies were tested using Herdcheck((R)) Swine Salmonella antibody test kit (Idexx Laboratories, ME). Bacteria were isolated from pooled fecal samples. Suspected isolates were confirmed by conventional biochemical assays, and those identified as Salmonella spp. were serotyped. A variation between seropositive percentages and positive fecal samples was observed. Serologically positive pigs decreased from S1 to S4, and subsequently increased from S4 to S7. The percentages of fecal positive culture increased from M1 to M3, and then declined in M4, increased in M5, and were negative in M6 and M7. In the study three serovars, Salmonella 3,10:e,h:-, Salmonella Muenster, and Salmonella Bovismorbificans, were identified with low pathogenicity for swine. Three multidrug resistance strains (one belonged to Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- and two belonged to Salmonella Muenster) were found. PFGE results showed three different but closely related patterns among the 13 isolates of Salmonella Bovismorbificans, and two patterns for the three Salmonella Muenster and Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- isolates. This longitudinal study established critical points of Salmonella spp. infection in the farm and the production stages, where appropriate control measures must be taken. PFGE showed clonal relationships in each serovar. Antibiotic resistance profiles should be periodically included due to public health concerns.


Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Envelhecimento , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Derrame de Bactérias , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/veterinária , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Variação Genética , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Filogenia , Reto/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sorotipagem/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
7.
Braz. j. vet. pathol ; 2(1): 8-11, 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1435540

RESUMO

The objectives of this work were: 1) to investigate L. intracellularis antibodies in grower-finisher pigs from 30 herds by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) 2) to evaluate the porcine proliferative enterophaty (PPE) lesions by histopathology, histochemistry (Warthin Starry) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ileum samples obtained at slaughterhouse from 10 selected herds, 9 seropositive and 1 control seronegative. At each farm, 30 grower-finisher pigs (18 to 20 weeks old pigs) were randomly selected for blood sampling. The sera were analyzed with a commercial IFAT kit (IleiTest, Elanco Animal Health). The overall percentage of positive pigs was 31.2% (281/900), whereas the percentage of positive farms was 76.7% (23/30). The within-herd mean percentage of positive sera ranged from 27.5 to 53.6%. Only 1 out of the 10 selected farms showed characteristic gross and histopathological lesions at slaughterhouse. On the other hand, 4 farms were positive by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion L. intracellularis infection is widespread among Argentinean farms even though the within-herd percentage was quite variable. Slaughter pigs without microscopic lesions showed immunoreactivity to L. intracellularis.


Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/microbiologia , Lawsonia (Bactéria)/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Desulfovibrionaceae/epidemiologia , Enteropatias/veterinária , Argentina , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária
8.
Braz. j. vet. pathol ; 2(1): 35-40, 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1435589

RESUMO

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive opportunistic anaerobic bacterium found in the soil, water as well as the digestive tract of several species of mammals. Currently in high-health herds and not related with antibiotic treatment, C. difficile has been emerged in association with neonatal catarrhal, fibrinous or purulent colitis in 2 to 7 day-old piglets. Mesocolon edema and colitis with a "volcano" lesion e pathological key marks of C. difficile infection. In farm 1, the prevalence of neonatal piglet mesocolon edema and colitis was evaluated in an extensive study of postmortem preweaning mortality. Lectinhistochemistry pattern of normal colon and colon with edema and colitis were analyzed in order to provide more accurate information related with pathogenesis of C.difficile infection. In farm 2, a clinical description of an outbreak of neonatal colitis in piglets due to C. difficile infection was reported. A total 820 piglets were post-mortem examined, from them, 8 cases were classified as suspected of C. difficile infection (0.1%). Age of affected piglets varied between 3 to 14 days. In all of them, the key mark was the severe mesocolon edema and 2 cases were characterized by focal necrosis and loss of epithelial cells associated with a focal infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the lamina propria and lumen like erupted volcano. Lectins SBA and DBA that has affinity to a Gal epitope were negative in normal samples but reacted strongly positive at the glycocalix of the villi enterocytes of the affected samples indicating a change in the carbohydrates pattern of the cells surfaces that might favor the binding of C. difficile toxin A (TcdA). In farm 2, from 11 examined piglets, 6 of them (54%) showed different degree of mesocolon edema and in only 2 of them; volcano lesions were the main histopathological findings. Rectal swab from 8 diarrheic and 5 postmortem examined piglets were surveyed for eltA estl estll and stx2, virulence gens of E. coli and all samples were negative. Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were identified only in the sample with severe gross and microscopic changes. Isolation of difficile was unsuccessfully. Infection of C. difficile is present in Argentinean pig farms. Diagnosis of subclinical infection might be negligent if post-mortem studies of preweaning mortality at weekly intervals are not performed. However, when clinical disease appeared, mortality might be high as it was reported in the farm 2. Comparative lectinhistochemistry studies from field cases added further information of the carbohydrates present on glycocalix of villi enterocytes related with toxin receptors.


Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Colite/veterinária , Edema/veterinária , Mesocolo/patologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos/microbiologia
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