Spanish Version of the Recap Questionnaire to Assess Control of Atopic Eczema: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Correlations With Other Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. / Traducción, adaptación transcultural, correlación con otros PROs y validación del cuestionario RECAP, sobre el grado de control de la dermatitis atópica.

BACKGROUND: The 7-item RECAP (Recap of Atopic Eczema) questionnaire is used to assess the control of different degrees of eczema severity in patients of all ages. Long-term control of eczema is one of the 4 core outcome domains to be assessed in clinical trials of eczema therapies. After the RECAP was developed in the United Kingdom, it was translated into Chinese, German, Dutch, and French. OBJECTIVES: To produce a validated Spanish version of the RECAP questionnaire and, secondarily, to test its content validity in a group of Spanish patients with atopic eczema. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a 7-step process we produced 2 forward translations and 1 back translation of the RECAP questionnaire. Experts then held 2 meetings to reach consensus and draft Spanish version of the questionnaire. Fifteen adult patients with atopic eczema were interviewed to evaluate the comprehensibility, comprehensiveness, and relevance of the drafted items. These patients also completed the Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Stata software (version 16) was then used to explore the correlations between the patients' scores on these tools and the RECAP. RESULTS: The patients found the Spanish version of the RECAP to be comprehensible and easy to answer. We observed a strong correlation between results on the Spanish RECAP and the ADCT, and highly significant correlations between the RECAP and the DLQI and POEM tools. CONCLUSIONS: The culturally adapted Spanish version of the RECAP is linguistically equivalent to the original version of the questionnaire. RECAP scores correlate highly with other patient-reported outcome measures.

Quantum Phase Transitions for an Integrable Quantum Rabi-like Model with Two Interacting Qubits.

A two-interacting-qubit quantum Rabi-like model with vanishing transverse fields on the qubit pair is studied. Independently of the coupling regime, this model can be exactly and unitarily reduced to two independent single-spin quantum Rabi models, where the spin-spin coupling plays the role of the transverse field. This transformation and the analytical treatment of the single-spin quantum Rabi model provide the key to prove the integrability of our model. The existence of different first-order quantum phase transitions, characterized by discontinuous two-spin magnetization, mean photon number, and concurrence, is brought to light.

Visa type and financial strain on depressive symptoms among Filipino migrants to the United States.

Migrants have been theorized to be healthier than their non-migrant counterparts; however, there is limited examination of health selection using binational data and how selection occurs, particularly for mental health outcomes. This study examines the role of visa status and financial strain as critical factors for mental health selection among Filipino migrants to the U.S. and non-migrants who remain in the Philippines. We used the baseline data from the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES; n = 1631) to compare depressive symptoms between non-migrants and migrants who were both surveyed prior to their departure to the U.S. We assessed depressive symptoms using linear regression by migration status, financial strain, and by visa categories including fiancée/marriage, unlimited family reunification, limited family reunification, and employment. Overall, all migrants reported lower depressive symptoms than non-migrants; however, depressive symptoms varied by visa type. Fiancée/marriage migrants had lower depressive symptoms than compared to limited family reunification migrants. Additionally, those who reported financial strain had higher depressive symptoms than those without any financial strain. We find that migrants were positively selected for mental health using a unique sample of Filipino migrants before they left for the U.S.

Efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) not due to COVID-19, refractory to treatment with conventional oxygen therapy and/or intolerant to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and without criteria for admission to intensive care units (ICU). METHODS: Prospective observational study of patients with ARF treated with HFNC who presented clinical and arterial blood gas deterioration after 24 h of medical treatment and oxygenation by conventional systems. The degree of dyspnoea, gas exchange parameters (arterial O2 pressure/inspired O2 fraction ratio (PaO2/FiO2); oxygen saturation measured by oximetry/ inspired fraction of oxygen (Sp02/Fi02), ROX index), degree of patient tolerance and mortality were evaluated. These were measured at discharge from the emergency department (ED), 24 h after treatment with conventional oxygenation and 60, 120 min and 24 h after initiation of HFNC. The results were analyzed for all patients as a whole and for patients with hypercapnia (arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) < 45 mmHg) separately. RESULTS: 200 patients were included in the study between November 2019 and November 2020, with a mean age of 83 years, predominantly women (61.9%), obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) 31.1), with high comorbidity (Charlson index 4) and mild-moderate degree of dependence (Barthel 60). A number of 128 patients (64%) were hypercapnic. None had respiratory acidosis (pH 7.39). Evaluation at 60 min, 120 min and 24 h showed significant improvement in all patients and in the subgroup of hypercapnic patients with respect to baseline parameters in respiratory rate (RR), dyspnoea, ROX index, PaO2/FiO2, SpO2/FiO2 and patient comfort. No changes in PaCO2 or level of consciousness were observed. HFNC was well tolerated. Ten patients (5%) died due to progression of the disease causing ARF. CONCLUSIONS: HFNC is an effective and safe alternative in elderly patients with ARF not due to COVID-19, refractory to treatment with conventional oxygen therapy and/or intolerant to NIV or CPAP and without criteria for admission to ICU.

Cultivo e uso racional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos / Cultivation and rational use of medicinal and herbal plants / Cultivo y uso racional de plantas medicinales y herbáceas

A utilização de plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica vem atingindo um público cada vez maior. Assim, os fitoterápicos podem atuar como forma opcional de terapêutica levando em consideração o menor custo, e cujos benefícios se somam aos da terapia convencional. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi enfatizar a importância do cultivo e do uso racional de medicamentos fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais. Para tanto, foram incluídos artigos em português e inglês inseridos no banco de dados: Scielo, Google acadêmico, além de revistas eletrônicas, livros com embasamento científico de referência e base de dados do Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 2018 a 2022. As plantas medicinais e os medicamentos fitoterápicos podem provocar efeitos adversos, interferir no efeito de medicamentos utilizados concomitantemente, além da possibilidade de causar intoxicações pela presença de contaminantes em produtos de baixa qualidade. Para a produção de bioativos, em níveis quali e quantitativamente adequados, o cultivo das plantas medicinais deve ser cuidadosamente realizado, através de técnicas adequadas para preservação do solo e plantio são essenciais, como a utilização de adubos verdes e a cobertura vegetal, que além de protegerem o solo da radiação solar, prevenir a evaporação excessiva da água e melhorar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do sol. Esses critérios influenciam a qualidade do fitoterápico, portanto a fim de garantir a eficácia terapêutica, as plantas devem ser corretamente cultivadas, coletadas, identificadas e conservadas. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a utilização de plantas medicinais para tratamentos tem sido cada vez mais indicada pelos profissionais da saúde, ressaltando a importância do uso seguro e racional, com alerta para as suas consequências.

The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic alternative has been reaching a growing public. Thus, herbal medicines can act as an optional form of therapy taking into account the lowest cost, and whose benefits are added to those of conventional therapy. Thus, the objective of this work was to emphasize the importance of the cultivation and rational use of herbal medicines and medicinal plants. To this end, articles in Portuguese and English inserted in the database: Scielo, Google academic, in addition to electronic journals, books with scientific reference base and database of the Ministry of Health between the years 2018 to 2022 were included. herbal medicines can cause adverse effects, interfere with the effect of medicines used concomitantly, in addition to the possibility of causing poisoning due to the presence of contaminants in low-quality products. For the production of bioactives, at qualitatively and quantitatively appropriate levels, the cultivation of medicinal plants must be carefully carried out, through techniques cultivated for soil preservation and planting are essential, such as the use of green manures and vegetation cover, which in addition to protect the soil from solar radiation, prevent excessive water evaporation and improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sun. These criteria influence the quality of the herbal medicine, therefore, in order to guarantee therapeutic efficacy, as the plants must be correctly cultivated, collected, identified and conserved. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of medicinal plants for treatments has been increasingly indicated by health professionals, emphasizing the importance of safe and rational use, with an alert to its consequences.

El uso de plantas medicinales como alternativa terapéutica ha ido alcanzando un público cada vez más amplio. Así, las plantas medicinales pueden actuar como una forma opcional de terapia teniendo en cuenta el menor coste, y cuyos beneficios se suman a los de la terapia convencional. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue destacar la importancia del cultivo y uso racional de las hierbas medicinales y plantas medicinales. Para ello, los artículos en portugués e Inglés insertados en la base de datos: Scielo, Google académico, además de revistas electrónicas, libros con base de referencia científica y base de datos del Ministerio de Salud entre los años 2018 a 2022 fueron incluidos. medicamentos a base de hierbas pueden causar efectos adversos, interferir con el efecto de los medicamentos utilizados concomitantemente, además de la posibilidad de causar intoxicación debido a la presencia de contaminantes en productos de baja calidad. Para la producción de bioactivos, en niveles cualitativa y cuantitativamente adecuados, el cultivo de plantas medicinales debe ser realizado cuidadosamente, siendo esenciales técnicas de preservación del suelo y de plantación, como el uso de abonos verdes y cobertura vegetal, que además de proteger el suelo de la radiación solar, evitan la evaporación excesiva del agua y mejoran las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del sol. Estos criterios influyen en la calidad de la fitoterapia, por lo que, para garantizar la eficacia terapéutica, las plantas deben cultivarse, recolectarse, identificarse y conservarse correctamente. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el uso de plantas medicinales para tratamientos ha sido cada vez más indicado por los profesionales de la salud, enfatizando la importancia del uso seguro y racional, con alerta a sus consecuencias.

Liderazgo de la mujer en la investigación clínica: estudio observacional retrospectivo durante dos décadas en España / Women's leadership in clinical research: A retrospective observational study over two decades in Spain

Antecedentes y objetivo Los datos disponibles avalan las diferencias por género en el liderazgo de las investigaciones clínicas (IC). Este estudio analiza en qué medida las mujeres lideran estas investigaciones. Materiales y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo en un hospital universitario terciario asociado a uno de los institutos de investigación sanitaria más importantes de España. Analizamos los investigadores principales (IP) por género (2001-2020). Variable principal: proporción de IC lideradas por mujeres durante el período de estudio. Variables secundarias: diferencias de IP por género según el tipo de estudio: ensayos clínicos (EC) o estudios de no-intervención (ENI) y según la financiación. Fuentes de datos: registros del Comité de Ética en Investigación con medicamentos (CEIm) y del Departamento de Recursos Humanos. Resultados Durante el estudio, el CEIm aprobó 8.466 protocolos; el 52% (4.408/8.466) fueron EC y el resto, ENI. Las mujeres lideraron un 39,7% (3.360/8.466) del total. La brecha de género se observó principalmente en EC: las mujeres fueron IP de un 31,5% de ellos (1.391/4.408) y de un 48,5% (1.969/4.058) de los ENI. Ello a pesar de la tendencia creciente del número de facultativas. Los estudios de financiación privada fueron más comúnmente liderados por hombres. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados demuestran que existe una infrarrepresentación de las mujeres en puestos de liderazgo en la investigación, principalmente en aquellos con financiación privada. Este estudio refuerza la idea de que todavía queda un largo camino por recorrer en este campo. Se necesitan más estudios para la identificación de diferencias existentes que permitan implantar cambios a nivel institucional y cultural que promuevan la igualdad de género en el ámbito de la investigación clínica (AU)

Background and objective Available data support differences by gender in the leadership of clinical investigations (CI). This study analyzes to what extent women lead these investigations. Materials and method Observational-retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital associated with one of the most important health research institutes in Spain. We analyzed the principal investigators (PI) by gender from 2001 to 2020. Main outcome: proportion of CI led by female doctors (FD) during the study period. Secondary outcomes: differences in PI by gender according to the type of study: clinical trials (CT) or non-interventional-researches (NIR) and according to type of funding. Data sources: Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Human Resources Department registries. Result During the study, the REC approved 8,466 protocols, 52% (4,408/8,466) were EC, the rest were NIR. Women led 39.7% (3,360/8,466) of the total. The gender gap was observed mainly in EC: FD were IP of 31.5% of them (1,391/4,408) and 48.5% (1,969/4,058) of NIR. This despite the increasing trend in the number of FD staff. By type of funding, when the studies were supported by private sector there was a wider gap markedly unfavorable for women. Conclusions Our results show that there is underrepresentation of women in research leadership, mainly those with private financing. This study reinforces the idea that there is still a long way to go in this field. More studies are necessary to identify the existing differences that allow the implementation of actions at the institutional and cultural level that promote gender equality in the field of clinical research (AU)

Job satisfaction and job security as moderators in the relationships among job demands, musculoskeletal symptoms, and work performance.

PURPOSE: This study examined whether job satisfaction and job security moderate the path from physical demands and job strain to impaired work performance via musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper extremities (MSUE). Moderation effects on five paths were examined: (1) from job strain to MSUE; (2) from job strain to work performance; (3) from physical demands to MSUE; (4) from physical demands to work performance; (5) from MSUE to work performance. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 669 full-time workers from 9 manufacturing and 3 healthcare facilities. Data were collected via health interviews, on-site physical exposure assessments, and computation of the Strain Index by ergonomists, and self-administered questionnaires on psychosocial factors. Structural equation modeling and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis were performed to examine the moderation effect on each path. RESULTS: Job satisfaction moderated the relationship between MSUE and impaired work performance (B = - 0.09, 95% CI: - 0.15, - 0.04) and job security moderated the relationship between physical demands and MSUE (B = - 0.64, 95% CI: - 1.17, - 0.11). Interaction between job satisfaction and MSUE was significant on both the occurrence (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97) and the degrees of impaired work performance (mean ratio: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99), while the interaction between job security and physical demands was significant only on the degrees of MSUE (mean ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). CONCLUSION: Job satisfaction and job security can, respectively, mitigate the adverse impacts of working with MSUE and physical demands on work performance. Workplace interventions to improve workers' job satisfaction and job security can contribute to their musculoskeletal health and work performance.

Lumbar intervertebral disc segmentation for computer modeling and simulation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present work had as its main objective the development of a method for localizing and automatically segmenting lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) in 3D from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the goal of supporting the generation of finite element (FE) models from actual lumbar spine anatomy, by providing accurate and personalized information on the shape of the patient's IVD. The extension of the method to allow performing separate segmentations of the IVD's two main structures - annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) - as well as automatically detecting degenerated IVD where this distinction is no longer possible was also an objective of the work. METHODS: The method presented here evolves from 2D segmentations in the sagittal profile using Gabor filters towards 3D segmentations. It works by detecting the spine curves and intensity regions corresponding to IVD. As so, the 2D method from Zhu et al. (2013) was partially implemented, modified and adapted to 3D use, and then tested with eight spines from two separated online datasets. The 3D adaptation was achieved by using vertebral body segmentation masks to approximate the shape of the vertebrae and to adjust the spine curves accordingly. RESULTS: The method showed average values of 85%, 83% and 96% for the Dice coefficient, sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The method correctly identified 65 of 68 (96%) IVD as either healthy or degenerated. The method's Dice coefficient is within the range of existing 3D IVD segmentation methods in the literature (81-92%). The method took on average 6-7 s to perform a full 3D segmentation, which is well within the range of the existing methods (2 s - 19 min). CONCLUSIONS: The developed method can be used to generate accurate 3D models of the IVD based on MRI, with AF/NP distinction and detection of marked degeneration by comparing each IVD with the remaining spine levels. Further work shall improve the method towards distinguishing between specific levels of degeneration for clinically oriented FE modeling.

Prospects of ZnS and ZnO as smart semiconductor materials in light-activated antimicrobial coatings for mitigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection.

We carried out theoretical and experimental analyses of ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles as smart semiconductor materials in light-activated antimicrobial coating for application in masks. We used low-cost hydrothermally processable precursors to direct the growth of the coatings on cotton fabric. Both ZnO and ZnS coatings had high reactivities as disinfection agents in photocatalysis reactions for the degradation of a methylene blue dye solution. Also, these coatings showed excellent UV protection properties. For understanding at the molecular level, the broad-spectrum biological activities of the ZnO and ZnS coatings against Fusarium Oxysporum fungi, Escherichia coli bacteria, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and their variants, were investigated computationally. Hexagonal Zn6O6 and Zn6S6 clusters were used as models for the simulations through excited- and ground-state calculations. The theoretical findings show that changes in the local chemical environment in these excited systems have a profound impact on their physical and chemical properties and thus, can provide a better understanding to engineer new functional materials in light-activated antimicrobial coatings for the mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

[Innovative methods and developments in oral care. L-PRF: from evidence to clinical use]. / Serie: Innovatieve technieken en ontwikkelingen in de mondzorg. L-PRF: van evidence naar toepassingen in de praktijk.

Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a fully autologous biomaterial made from venous blood drawn from the patient. Due to its regenerative potency, antibacterial capacity, and analgesic activity, L-PRF can be used during surgical procedures as a sole biomaterial or as a bioactive additive along with other natural and synthetic biomaterials. There is sufficient scientific evidence available for applying L-PRF for various indications. The preparation protocol of L-PRF is simple, inexpensive and not time-consuming, making it possible to implement it in the daily practice. The type of centrifuge and blood collection tubes used, the settings of the centrifuge (rotation time and force) as well as the time between the different steps in the protocol have an influence on the biological and mechanical properties of L-PRF.

Neighborhood Disadvantage, Patterns of Unhealthy Alcohol Use, and Differential Associations by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Rurality: A Study of Veterans Health Administration Patients.

OBJECTIVE: Stressful conditions within disadvantaged neighborhoods may shape unhealthy alcohol use and related harms. Yet, associations between neighborhood disadvantage and more severe unhealthy alcohol use are underexplored, particularly for subpopulations. Among national Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients (2013-2017), we assessed associations between neighborhood disadvantage and multiple alcohol-related outcomes and examined moderation by sociodemographic factors. METHOD: Electronic health record data were extracted for VA patients with a routine Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screen. Patient addresses were linked by census block group to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), dichotomized at the 85th percentile, and examined in quintiles for sensitivity analyses. Using modified Poisson generalized estimating equations models, we estimated associations between neighborhood disadvantage and five outcomes: unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 5), any past-year heavy episodic drinking (HED), severe unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 8), alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, and alcohol-specific conditions diagnoses. Moderation by gender, race/ethnicity, and rurality was tested using multiplicative interaction. RESULTS: Among 6,381,033 patients, residence in a highly disadvantaged neighborhood (ADI ≥ 85th percentile) was associated with a higher likelihood of unhealthy alcohol use (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.06, 95% CI [1.05, 1.07]), severe unhealthy alcohol use (PR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.12, 1.15]), HED (PR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.03, 1.05]), AUD (PR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.13, 1.15]), and alcohol-specific conditions (PR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.18, 1.24]). Associations were larger for Black and American Indian/Alaska Native patients compared with White patients and for urban compared with rural patients. There was mixed evidence of moderation by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood disadvantage may play a role in unhealthy alcohol use in VA patients, particularly those of marginalized racialized groups and those residing in urban areas.

Unitary evolution for a two-level quantum system in fractional-time scenario.

The time-evolution operator obtained from the fractional-time Schrödinger equation (FTSE) is said to be nonunitary since it does not preserve the norm of the vector state in time. As done in the time-dependent non-Hermitian quantum formalism, for a traceless non-Hermitian two-level quantum system, we demonstrate that it is possible to map the nonunitary time-evolution operator in a unitary one. It is done by considering a dynamical Hilbert space with a time-dependent metric operator, constructed from a Hermitian time-dependent Dyson map, in respect to which the system evolves in a unitary way, and the standard quantum mechanics interpretation can be made properly. To elucidate our approach, we consider three examples of Hamiltonian operators and their corresponding unitary dynamics obtained from the solutions of FTSE, and the respective Dyson maps.

Estudio poblacional de casuística y morbimortalidad de la prostatectomía radical en España / Population based study of morbidity and mortality rates associated to radical prostatectomy cases in Spain

Introducción: No existe ningún estudio poblacional que contabilice en número de prostatectomías radicales (PR) realizadas España, ni la morbimortalidad de dicha intervención.Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la morbimortalidad de la PR en España desde el 2011 al 2015 y evaluar la variabilidad geográfica. Material y métodos: Diseñamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos de PR en España durante cinco años consecutivos (2011-2015) a partir de los datos registrados en el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD).Hemos estudiado la distribución del número de casos y la variabilidad intercomunitaria en términos de morbilidad y de estancia hospitalaria, así como el impacto del volumen quirúrgico medio anual por cada centro en dichas variables. Resultados: Entre los años 2011-2015 se han realizado un total de 37.725 PR en 221 hospitales españoles públicos del sistema nacional de salud. La edad media de la serie fue 63,9 ± 3,23 años. El 50% de las PR se han realizado por vía abierta, y un 43,4% se han intervenido en hospitales de < 500 camas. Encontramos una gran variabilidad en la distribución de los casos intervenidos en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA Las comunidades que realizan un mayor número de prostatectomías son Andalucía, Cataluña, Galicia y Madrid. La tasa de complicaciones a nivel nacional es de 8,6%, siendo las más frecuentes la hemorragia y necesidad de transfusión (5,3 y 4%, respectivamente). Encontramos importantes diferencias en las tasas de hemorragia y en la estancia hospitalaria entre las distintas CCAA, que se mantienen tras ajustar por las características del paciente y del tipo de hospital. Al estudiar el volumen quirúrgico anual de cada hospital vemos que el impacto en la tasa de hemorragia o transfusión es lineal sin embargo en la estancia a partir de 60 PR/año la estancia se mantiene estable en torno a cinco días. (AU)

Introduction: There is no population-based study that accounts for the number of radical prostatectomies (RP) carried out in Spain, nor regarding the morbidity and mortality of this intervention.Our objective is to study the morbidity and mortality of RP in Spain from 2011 to 2015 and to evaluate the geographic variation. Material and methods: We designed a retrospective observational study of all patients submitted to RP in Spain during five consecutive years (2011-2015). The data was extracted from the «Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos» (CMBD).We have evaluated geographic variations in terms of morbidity and hospital stay, and the impact of the mean annual surgical volume for each center on these variables. Results: Between 2011-2015, a total of 37,725 RPs were performed in 221 Spanish public hospitals. The mean age of the series was 63.9 ± 3.23 years. Of all RPs, 50% were performed through an open approach, and 43.4% have been operated on in hospitals with < 500 beds. We observed an important variability in the distribution of the cases operated on in the different regions. The regions that perform more RPs are Andalusia, Catalonia, Galicia, and Madrid. Our study shows a complication rate of 8.6%, with hemorrhage and the need for transfusion being the most frequent (5.3 and 4%, respectively). There are significant differences in bleeding rates and hospital stay among regions, which are maintained after adjusting for patient characteristics and type of hospital. When studying the annual surgical volume of each hospital, we find that the impact on the rate of hemorrhage or transfusion is linear; however, hospital stay remains stable at around 5 days from 60 RPs/year (AU)

Factores asociados al desprendimiento de retina pseudofáquico: seguimiento a largo plazo en una población colombiana / Associated factors with pseudophakic retinal detachment: Long-term follow-up in a Colombian population

Objetivo Identificar factores asociados a la aparición de desprendimiento de retina pseudofáquico en pacientes con antecedente de cirugía de catarata. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles de 802 ojos de 783 pacientes con antecedente de cirugía de catarata. Los casos fueron pacientes con desprendimiento de retina pseudofáquico (n=258 ojos), mientras que los controles fueron pacientes con cirugía de cataratas que no desarrollaron desprendimiento de retina durante un período de seguimiento de 10 años (n=544 ojos). Resultados La edad de la cirugía de cataratas entre los casos fue menor que en el grupo control (57±13 vs. 67±14 años, respectivamente; p<0,0001). La edad al desprendimiento de retina fue de 59±13 años (rango 6-88) y el tiempo entre la cirugía de catarata y el desprendimiento de retina tuvo una mediana de 2 años (rango intercuartílico 1-4), con un rango de un mes a 14 años. Los factores asociados para el desprendimiento de retina pseudofáquico fueron la edad más joven (<50 años: razón de probabilidad ajustada [ORa]=18,03; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]=5,92-54,87; 50-59 años: ORa=10,09, IC 95%=3,37-30,23 y 60-69 años: ORa=5,48, IC 95%=1,88-15,93), sexo masculino (ORa=3,71, IC 95%=2,54-5,44), vitrectomía anterior (ORa=3,26, IC 95%=1,16-9,16), antecedentes de desprendimiento de retina en el ojo contralateral (ORa=6,95, IC 95%=3,15-15,31) y complicaciones intraoperatorias durante la extracción de cataratas (ORa=7,45, IC 95%=3,54-15,69). Conclusiones Este es el primer artículo de factores asociados al desprendimiento de retina pseudofáquico en población colombiana. Se encontró que las complicaciones quirúrgicas, el sexo y la edad estaban asociados con el desprendimiento de retina. Los pacientes deben ser conscientes de estos riesgos potenciales para tomar decisiones informadas sobre su salud ocular (AU)

Objective To identify associated factors with the appearance of pseudophakic retinal detachment in patients with history of cataract surgery. Methods Retrospective case–control study of 802 eyes of 783 patients with history of cataract surgery. Cases were patients with pseudophakic retinal detachment (n=258 eyes), while controls were patients with cataract surgery who did not developed retinal detachment during a 10-year follow-up period (n=544 eyes). Results Age at cataract surgery among cases was lower than in the control group (57±13 vs. 67±14 years old, respectively; P<.0001). Age at retinal detachment was 59±13 years old (range 6–88) and the time between the cataract surgery and the retinal detachment had a median of 2 years (interquartile range 1–4) with a range of 1 month to 14 years. Associated factors for pseudophakic retinal detachment were younger age (<50 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=18.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=5.92–54.87; 50–59 years: aOR=10.09, 95% CI=3.37–30.23; and 60–69 years: aOR=5.48, 95% CI=1.88–15.93), male sex (aOR=3.71, 95% CI=2.54–5.44), anterior vitrectomy (aOR=3.26, 95% CI=1.16–9.16), history of retinal detachment in the fellow eye (aOR=6.95, 95% CI=3.15–15.31), and intraoperative complications during cataract extraction (aOR=7.45, 95% CI=3.54–15.69). Conclusions This is the first report of associated factors with pseudophakic retinal detachment in a Colombian population. Surgical complications, sex, and age were found to be associated with retinal detachment. Patients should be aware of these potential risks to make informed decisions about their eye health (AU)