Outcome after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke by underlying etiology: Tertiary experience and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of two major etiologies [intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and cardioembolism (CE])] on outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: Anterior circulation AIS patients receiving EVT were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Clinical outcomes including favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0-2), mortality, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH) were compared. A systematic review and meta-analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 302 AIS patients were included and divided into the ICAS group (86 patients) and the CE group (216 patients). Patients in the ICAS group were younger (62[18.0] vs. 68[19.0] years, p < 0.001), more likely to have smoking (52.3% vs. 26.9%, p < 0.001) and drinking (52.3% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001) history, and more frequently required rescue therapy (80.2% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.001) compared to the CE group. However, favorable outcome (aOR 0.722, 95%CI 0.372-1.402, p = 0.336) and mortality (aOR 1.522, 95%CI 0.606-3.831, p = 0.371) were not significantly different between the two groups before and after adjustment. The incidence of sICH and ICH were comparable between the two groups before and after adjustment. Systematic review and meta-analysis consisted of 8 eligible studies (7 previous studies and this current study), incorporating 552 ICAS patients and 1,402 CE patients. Favorable outcome was slightly more likely in the ICAS group compared to the CE group (54.2% vs. 46.3%, OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.00-1.96, I 2 = 53.2%). Moreover, the ICAS group had a lower rate of mortality (14.3% vs. 22.2%, OR 0.63, 95%CI 0.46-0.87, I 2 = 0.0%) and ICH (19.5% vs. 31.9%, OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.42-0.84, I 2 = 0.0%) than the CE group, while the two groups were similar in sICH rate (5.9% vs. 6.7%, OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.55-1.60, I 2 = 6.3%). Conclusion: Etiology was not considered as an important factor in functional outcome, despite the differences in baseline characteristics and technical EVT approach. The current study of anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients supports that outcomes for those with ICAS are not significantly different from those with CE.

[CT and MRI fusion based on generative adversarial network and convolutional neural networks under image enhancement].

Aiming at the problems of missing important features, inconspicuous details and unclear textures in the fusion of multimodal medical images, this paper proposes a method of computed tomography (CT) image and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion using generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) under image enhancement. The generator aimed at high-frequency feature images and used double discriminators to target the fusion images after inverse transform; Then high-frequency feature images were fused by trained GAN model, and low-frequency feature images were fused by CNN pre-training model based on transfer learning. Experimental results showed that, compared with the current advanced fusion algorithm, the proposed method had more abundant texture details and clearer contour edge information in subjective representation. In the evaluation of objective indicators, Q AB/F, information entropy (IE), spatial frequency (SF), structural similarity (SSIM), mutual information (MI) and visual information fidelity for fusion (VIFF) were 2.0%, 6.3%, 7.0%, 5.5%, 9.0% and 3.3% higher than the best test results, respectively. The fused image can be effectively applied to medical diagnosis to further improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Value of contrast-enhanced MR angiography for the follow-up of treated brain arteriovenous malformations: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in identifying residual brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after treatment. METHODS: We retrieved appropriate references from the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and then evaluated the methodology quality of included references using the QUADAS-2 tool. We calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity by applying a bivariate mixed-effects model and detected the publication bias using Deeks' funnel plot. The values of I2 were used to test heterogeneity and meta-regression analyses were performed to search for the causes of heterogeneity. RESULTS: We included 7 eligible studies containing 223 participants. Compared with a gold standard, the overall sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRA in detecting residual brain AVMs were 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.86) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.82-1.00), respectively. Based on the summary ROC curve, the AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.92). Heterogeneity could be observed in our study, especially for the specificity (I2 = 74.23%). Furthermore, there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that CE-MRA has good diagnostic value and specificity for the follow-up of treated brain AVMs. Nevertheless, considering the small sample size, heterogeneity, and many factors that may affect the diagnostic accuracy, future large-sample, prospective studies are necessary to validate the results. KEY POINTS: • The pooled sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in detecting residual arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.86) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.82-1.00). • The four-dimensional CE-MRA showed less sensitivity than the three-dimensional CE-MRA for treated AVMs. • CE-MRA is helpful to identify residual AVMs and reduce excessive DSA during follow-up.

[Effects of Long-term Sod Cultivation on Chinese Hickory Plantation Soil Fungal Community and Enzyme Activities].

A long-term field experiment was conducted at a Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) plantation from 2011 to 2021, with the purpose of researching the effects of long-term sod cultivation on hickory plantation soil fungal communities and enzyme activities and providing experience for ecological management in other plantations. Sod cultivation included oilseed rape (Brassica chinensis, BR), Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus, AS), and oilseed rape+Chinese milk vetch (BA), and clear tillage (CT) served as a contrast. The soil fertility, fungal community composition and diversity, and soil enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that:① long-term sod cultivation significantly increased soil nutrient contents and availability, and pH increased variably from different sod cultivation treatments (P<0.05). ②The soil fungal community composition was changed by long-term sod cultivation. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, which utilized the readily decomposed organic matter, was increased, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, which degraded stubborn organic matter, decreased. Long-term sod cultivation shifted the soil dominant genera, as BR and BA increased the relative abundance of somemycorrhizal fungi that could form mutually beneficial structures with dominant plant genera after sod cultivation,whereas AS increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi that could decompose the remains of dead plants and animals. The soil fertility factors including pH, available nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, and water-soluble organic carbon were revealed to have a significant influence on the soil fungal composition (P<0.05). ③ Moreover, long-term sod cultivation stimulated the activities of soil enzymes involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycle. Apart from BA, sod cultivation treatments decreased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, which was involved in the soil P turnover. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the correlations between activities of enzymes decomposing carbon and nitrogen and soil fertility were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The activities of phosphatase were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Long-term sod cultivation could improve soil nutrient content and availability, optimized soil fungal community structure, and promoted soil nutrient turnover enzyme activities.

Hierarchical N-doped carbon nanofiber-loaded NiCo alloy nanocrystals with enhanced methanol electrooxidation for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells.

The high catalytic activity of non-precious metals in alkaline media opens a new direction for the development of alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC) electrocatalysts. Herein, a highly dispersed N-doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) -loaded NiCo non-precious metal alloy electrocatalyst based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was prepared, which conferred excellent methanol oxidation activity and resistance to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning through a surface electronic structure modulation strategy. The porous electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and the P-electron conjugated structure of polyaniline chains provide fast charge transfer channels, enabling electrocatalysts with abundant active sites and efficient electron transfer. The optimized NiCo/N-CNFs@800 was tested as an anode catalyst for ADMFC single cell and exhibited a power density of 29.15 mW cm-2. Due to the fast charge transfer and mass transfer brought by its one-dimensional porous structure and the synergistic effect between NiCo alloy, NiCo/N-CNFs@800 is expected to be an economical, efficient and CO-resistant methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) electrocatalyst.

Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review.

Hydrogels have been attracting increasing attention for application in wearable electronics, due to their intrinsic biomimetic features, highly tunable chemical-physical properties (mechanical, electrical, etc.), and excellent biocompatibility. Among many proposed varieties of hydrogels, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs) have emerged as a promising candidate for future wearable sensor designs, with capability of realizing desired features using different tuning strategies ranging from molecular design (with a low length scale of 10-10 m) to a micro-structural configuration (up to a length scale of 10-2 m). However, considerable challenges remain to be overcome, such as the limited strain sensing range due to the mechanical strength, the signal loss/instability caused by swelling/deswelling, the significant hysteresis of sensing signals, the de-hydration induced malfunctions, and the surface/interfacial failure during manufacturing/processing. This review aims to offer a targeted scan of recent advancements in CPH based wearable sensor technology, from the establishment of dedicated structure-property relationships in the lab to the advanced manufacturing routes for potential scale-up production. The application of CPHs in wearable sensors is also explored, with suggested new research avenues and prospects for CPHs in the future also included.

Reconstruction of Adult Tubular Esophageal Duplication with Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap: A Rare Case Presentation.

Adult esophageal duplication (ED) is a rare congenital anomaly that is rarely encountered in clinical practice. There have been only a few reported cases of adult tubular esophageal duplication. A patient presented with symptoms of odynophagia and dysphagia. Upon examination, gastroscopy and X-ray contrast imaging revealed the formation of a fistula in the upper esophagus that connected to a sinus tract running along the esophagus. After managing the initial infection, an open surgery was performed. The esophageal tubular duplication was removed and the defect was reconstructed using a supraclavicular artery island (SAI) flap. The post-operative recovery was uneventful and the patient's odynophagia and dysphagia were relieved. In conclusion, ED can be effectively diagnosed through esophagogram and gastroscopy. Surgical excision is currently the preferred treatment option, and the use of the SAI flap technique shows great promise in reconstructing the esophageal defect after surgery.

Threat of soil formation rate to health of karst ecosystem.

Karst ecosystems are important to several billion people, so it is necessary to accurately diagnose and evaluate the health of these ecosystems for socioeconomic development; however, the existing evaluation methods have many limitations, so they cannot accurately evaluate the ecosystem health in karst areas. In particular, they ignore the influence and restriction of the soil formation rate on the ecosystem health. To this end, we established a new index to represent the actual health status of karst ecosystems. The soil formation rate was found to pose a threat to the health of 28 % of the world's karst ecosystems, covering an area of 594 km2. In addition, a dataset of global karst ecosystem health index values with a spatial resolution of about 8 km × 8 km from 2000 to 2014 was created, and the proportion of unhealthy areas was found to be as high as 75.91 %. This study highlights the contribution of the soil formation rate to karst ecosystem health and provides a new method and deeper scientific understanding for further accurate evaluation of karst ecosystem health, which can improve future ecosystem health research and social management.

The Diagnostic Value of Circulating miR-29 Family for Digestive System Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating microRNA-29 (miR-29) in digestive system malignant neoplasms by meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to collect studies, published through September 2022, on the diagnostic value of miR-29 in digestive system tumors. RESULTS: We included 7 studies in this meta-analysis, including colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and cholangiocarcinoma. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.53-0.74), 0.83 (0.60-0.94), 3.75 (1.42-9.91), 0.44 (0.31-0.61), and 8.63 (2.54-29.26), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75. The sensitivity of miR-29 derived from serum was higher than that of miR-29 derived from plasma for malignant digestive system tumors (0.71 vs 0.54; P = .04). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the circulating miR-29 family has good diagnostic performance for digestive system malignant tumors, with moderate sensitivity and good specificity.

HBSP improves kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and promotes repair in properdin deficient mice via enhancing phagocytosis of tubular epithelial cells.

Phagocytosis plays vital roles in injury and repair, while its regulation by properdin and innate repair receptor, a heterodimer receptor of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)/ß common receptor (ßcR), in renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) remains unclear. Properdin, a pattern recognition molecule, facilitates phagocytosis by opsonizing damaged cells. Our previous study showed that the phagocytic function of tubular epithelial cells isolated from properdin knockout (PKO) mouse kidneys was compromised, with upregulated EPOR in IR kidneys that was further raised by PKO at repair phase. Here, helix B surface peptide (HBSP), derived from EPO only recognizing EPOR/ßcR, ameliorated IR-induced functional and structural damage in both PKO and wild-type (WT) mice. In particular, HBSP treatment led to less cell apoptosis and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration in the interstitium of PKO IR kidneys compared to the WT control. In addition, the expression of EPOR/ßcR was increased by IR in WT kidneys, and furthered increased in IR PKO kidneys, but greatly reduced by HBSP in the IR kidneys of PKO mice. HBSP also increased PCNA expression in IR kidneys of both genotypes. Moreover, iridium-labelled HBSP (HBSP-Ir) was localized mainly in the tubular epithelia after 17-h renal IR in WT mice. HBSP-Ir also anchored to mouse kidney epithelial (TCMK-1) cells treated by H2O2. Both EPOR and EPOR/ßcR were significantly increased by H2O2 treatment, while further increased EPOR was showed in cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting properdin, but a lower level of EPOR was seen in EPOR siRNA and HBSP-treated cells. The number of early apoptotic cells was increased by EPOR siRNA in H2O2-treated TCMK-1, but markedly reversed by HBSP. The phagocytic function of TCMK-1 cells assessed by uptake fluorescence-labelled E.coli was enhanced by HBSP dose-dependently. Our data demonstrate for the first time that HBSP improves the phagocytic function of tubular epithelial cells and kidney repair post IR injury, via upregulated EPOR/ßcR triggered by both IR and properdin deficiency.

SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) orchestrates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic double-stranded DNA; however, the pathophysiological significance and molecular mechanism underlying the folding and maturation of nascent STING protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain unknown. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex-the most conserved branch of ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-is a negative regulator of the STING innate immunity by ubiquitinating and targeting nascent STING protein for proteasomal degradation in the basal state. SEL1L or HRD1 deficiency in macrophages specifically amplifies STING signalling and immunity against viral infection and tumour growth. Mechanistically, nascent STING protein is a bona fide substrate of SEL1L-HRD1 in the basal state, uncoupled from ER stress or its sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. Hence, our study not only establishes a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool, but identifies a regulatory mechanism and therapeutic approach to targeting STING.

Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit in brain aging.

An emerging concept termed the neurovascular unit (NVU) underlines neurovascular coupling. It has been reported that NVU impairment can result in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Aging is a complex and irreversible process caused by programmed and damage-related factors. Loss of biological functions and increased susceptibility to additional neurodegenerative diseases are major characteristics of aging. In this review, we describe the basics of the NVU and discuss the effect of aging on NVU basics. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanisms that increase NVU susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discuss new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and methods of maintaining an intact NVU that may delay or diminish aging.

Distributional learning of musical pitch despite tone deafness in individuals with congenital amusia.

Congenital amusia is an innate and lifelong deficit of music processing. This study investigated whether adult listeners with amusia were still able to learn pitch-related musical chords based on stimulus frequency of statistical distribution, i.e., via distributional learning. Following a pretest-training-posttest design, 18 amusics and 19 typical, musically intact listeners were assigned to bimodal and unimodal conditions that differed in distribution of the stimuli. Participants' task was to discriminate chord minimal pairs, which were transposed to a novel microtonal scale. Accuracy rates for each test session were collected and compared between the two groups using generalized mixed-effects models. Results showed that amusics were less accurate than typical listeners at all comparisons, thus corroborating previous findings. Importantly, amusics-like typical listeners-demonstrated perceptual gains from pretest to posttest in the bimodal condition (but not the unimodal condition). The findings reveal that amusics' distributional learning of music remains largely preserved despite their deficient music processing. Implications of the results for statistical learning and intervention programs to mitigate amusia are discussed.

Comparison of Fecal Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Captive and Wild Asian Elephants.

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is a flagship species of tropical rainforests, and it has generated much concern. In this case, the gut bacterial communities of captive and wild Asian elephants are particularly noteworthy. We aim to compare the differences in bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) subtypes in fecal samples of Asian elephants from different habitats, which may affect host health. Analyses reveal that differences in the dominant species of gut bacteria between captive and wild Asian elephants may result in significant differences in ARGs. Network analysis of bacterial communities in captive Asian elephants has identified potentially pathogenic species. Many negative correlations in network analysis suggest that different food sources may lead to differences in bacterial communities and ARGs. Results also indicate that the ARG levels in local captive breeding of Asian elephants are close to those of the wild type. However, we found that local captive elephants carry fewer ARG types than their wild counterparts. This study reveals the profile and relationship between bacterial communities and ARGs in different sources of Asian elephant feces, providing primary data for captive breeding and rescuing wild Asian elephants.

Disruption of the tumor suppressor-like activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by arsenic in epithelial cells and human lung cancer.

As the most classic and extensively studied transcription factor in response to environmental toxic chemicals, the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been implicated in mediating some oncogenic responses also. Limited information is available, however, on whether arsenic, a widely presented environmental carcinogen, can regulate AHR to exert its carcinogenic activity. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq), CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, RNA-seq, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), in this report we provided evidence showing that arsenic enforces TGFß and other oncogenic signaling pathways in bronchial epithelial cells through disrupting the tumor suppressor-like activity of AHR. AHR is normally enriched on a number of oncogenic genes in addition to the known phase I/II enzymes, such as genes in TGFß and Nrf2 signaling pathways and several known oncogenes. Arsenic treatment substantially reduced the binding of AHR on these genes followed by an increased expression of these genes. CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout of AHR followed by RNA-seq further demonstrated increased expression of the TGFß signaling and some oncogenic signaling pathway genes in the AHR knockout cells. IHC studies on human tissue samples revealed that normal human lung tissues expressed high level of AHR. In contrast, the AHR expression was diminished in the lung cancer tissues. Accordingly, the data from this study suggest that AHR has tumor suppressor-like activity for human lung cancer, and one of the carcinogenic mechanisms of arsenic is likely mediated by the inhibition of arsenic on the tumor suppressor-like activity of AHR.

Functional insights to the development of bioactive material for combating bacterial infections.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" poses a serious threat to human health. Nanomaterials and cationic polymers have shown unprecedented advantages as effective antimicrobial therapies due to their flexibility and ability to interact with biological macromolecules. They can incorporate a variety of antimicrobial substances, achieving multifunctional effects without easily developing drug resistance. Herein, this article discusses recent advances in cationic polymers and nano-antibacterial materials, including material options, fabrication techniques, structural characteristics, and activity performance, with a focus on their fundamental active elements.

Predictive value of serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 levels on radiotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Monitoring changes in serum tumor marker concentrations can help in the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are few methods to monitor the efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy in NSCLC patients. The present research aimed to explore the correlation between radiotherapy efficacy and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and cytokeratin 19 soluble fragment (CYFRA21-1) levels in NSCLC patients. Serum CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were detected with an automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Patients with NSCLC were followed up by telephone at regular intervals for 35 months. The χ2 test was used to compare clinical characteristics such as age, gender, smoking history and other count data between groups. Predictive value of serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 on the efficacy of radiotherapy was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The survival of the patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 levels in the NSCLC group were apparently higher by comparison with control group. The SCCA and CYFRA21-1 concentration were both positive relevant to Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 were 0.732 and 0.721, respectively. In addition, high serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 levels could predict poor radiotherapy outcomes. Patients with high serum concentration of SCCA and CYFRA21-1 have shorter survival times. High serum SCCA and CYFRA21-1 levels could predict poor prognosis and unfavorable efficacy of radiotherapy in invalids with NSCLC.

Early venous filling after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in anterior circulation.

BACKGROUND: The significance of early venous filling (EVF) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of EVF after MT. METHODS: From January 2019 to May 2022, AIS patients with successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI) ≥2b) after MT were retrospectively reviewed. EVF was evaluated on final digital subtraction angiography runs after successful recanalization and was categorized into phase subgroups (arterial phase and capillary phase) and pathway subgroups (cortical veins subgroup and thalamostriate veins subgroup), respectively. The impact of EVF subgroups on functional outcomes after successful recanalization were both investigated. RESULTS: A total of 349 patients achieving successful recanalization after MT were included, including 45 patients in the EVF group and 304 patients in the non-EVF group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the EVF group had a higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; 66.7% vs 22%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.805, 95% CI 3.389 to 13.662, P<0.001), symptomatic ICH (sICH; 28.9% vs 4.9%, aOR 6.011, 95% CI 2.493 to 14.494, P<0.001) and malignant cerebral edema (MCE; 20% vs 6.9%, aOR 2.682, 95% CI 1.086 to 6.624, P=0.032) than the non-EVF group. Furthermore, the cortical veins subgroup of EVF had a higher rate of mortality than the thalamostriate veins subgroup (37.5% vs 10.3%, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: EVF is independently associated with ICH, sICH and MCE after successful recanalization of MT, but not with favorable outcome and mortality.

Development and Validation of a Radiomics Model Based on 3-Dimensional Endoanal Rectal Ultrasound of Rectal Cancer for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Development of a radiomics model for predicting lymph node metastasis status in rectal cancer patients based on 3-dimensional endoanal rectal ultrasound images. METHODS: This study retrospectively included 79 patients (41 with lymph node metastasis positive and 38 with lymph node metastasis negative) diagnosed with rectal cancer in our hospital from January 2018 to February 2022. The tumor's region of interest is first delineated by radiologists, from which radiomics features are extracted. Radiomics features were then selected by independent samples t-test, correlation coefficient analysis between features, and least absolute shrinkage and regression with selection operator. Finally, a multilayer neural network model is developed using the selected radiomics features, and nested cross-validation is performed on it. These models were validated by assessing their diagnostic performance and comparing the areas under the curve and recall rate curve in the test set. RESULTS: The areas under the curve of radiologist was 0.662 and the F1 score was 0.632. Thirty-four radiomics features were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P < .05), and 10 features were finally selected for developing multilayer neural network models. The areas under the curve of the multilayer neural network models were 0.787, 0.761, 0.853, and the mean areas under the curve was 0.800. The F1 scores of the multilayer neural network models were 0.738, 0.740, and 0.818, and the mean F1 score was 0.771. CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics models based on 3-dimensional endoanal rectal ultrasound can be used to identify lymph node metastasis status in rectal cancer patient with good diagnostic performance.