Associação entre força de preensão manual e ângulo de fase em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família: um estudo transversal / Association between handgrip strength and phase angle in older adults from the Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

Introdução: a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) é um indicador de saúde e funcionalidade do idoso, que diminui com o passar do tempo, impactada por aspectos como mudanças na composição corporal. Objetivo: investigar a associação entre o Ângulo de Fase Padronizado (AFP) e FPM em idosos comunitários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Metodologia: estudo transversal, com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais, atendidos na APS. A variável dependente foi a FPM medida com dinamômetro e a independente principal foi o AFP com base no sexo e faixa etária, calculado a partir do ângulo de fase obtido pela bioimpedância. Foi realizada a regressão logística com entrada por bloco, sendo incluídas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram associação com nível crítico menor do que 10%. Resultados: dos 296 indivíduos avaliados, 28,0% exibiram baixa FPM e 15,9% apresentaram AFP < ­ 1,65°. As variáveis inseridas no modelo final de regressão logística, juntamente com o AFP, foram sexo, faixa etária, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Circunferência da Panturrilha (CP). A análise mostrou que o AFP < ­ 1,65° aumenta a chance do idoso apresentar baixa FPM, tanto na análise sem ajuste (OR = 2,71; IC 95% 1,43-5,15), quanto no modelo final (OR = 2,35; IC 95% 1,14-4,87). Conclusão: o AFP mostrou-se associado à FPM, independentemente da interação com sexo, faixa etária, IMC e CP. A sua utilização pode contribuir na avaliação de idosos, especialmente quando a aferição da FPM não for possível.

Introduction: Handgrip Strength (HGS) is an indicator of health and functionality of the older adults, which decreases over time, impacted by aspects including changes in body composition. Objective: to investigate the association between the Standardized Phase Angle (SPA ) and HGS in community-dwelling older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methodology: cross-sectional study, with people aged 60 or over, assisted in the PHC. The dependent variable was the HGS measured using a dynamometer. The main independent variable was the SPA based on gender and age range, calculated from the phase angle obtained by bioimpedance. Block-by-block logistic regression was performed, including variables that were associated with a critical level lower than 10% in the model. Results: of the 296 individuals assessed, 28.0% had low HGS and 15.9% had SPA < ­ 1.65°. The variables inserted in the final logistic regression model, together with the SPA , were gender, age group, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Calf Circumference (CC). The analysis showed that SPA < ­ 1.65° increases the chance of the older adults having low HGS, both in the unadjusted analysis (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.43-5.15) and in the final model (OR = 2.35; 95%CI 1.14-4.87). Conclusion: the SPA was associated with HGS, regardless of the interaction with sex, age group, BMI and CC. Its use can contribute to the evaluation of the older adults, especially when HGS measurement is not possible.

Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): alcohol consumption and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors that influence alcohol consumption by Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the five macro-regions of Brazil, according to sociodemographic, schooling, and family characteristics. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The outcome was assessed by alcohol consumption and considered the variables sex, age, ethnicity/skin color, maternal schooling level, having housemaids, number of bathrooms at home, living or not with parents, and type of school. For the analyses, the survey mode was used for complex samples. Poisson regression was performed to assess the magnitude of factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents. RESULTS: The prevalence of alcohol consumption by adolescents was 22.1%. The variables age range of 15 to 17 years, higher socioeconomic status, and living alone or with only one of the parents were factors that remained associated with alcohol consumption by adolescents regardless of their region of residence. Protective factors in alcohol consumption were associated with variables related to lower economic conditions and being of Asian or indigenous descent. CONCLUSION: The percentage of adolescents who consume alcohol is worrisome and must be tackled with public policies and health education. Understanding which factors are related to this situation contributes to practices and policies aimed to reduce its prevalence and damage to health.

Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): alcohol consumption and associated factors / Estudo de Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes (ERICA): consumo de álcool e fatores associados

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze factors that influence alcohol consumption by Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the five macro-regions of Brazil, according to sociodemographic, schooling, and family characteristics. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The outcome was assessed by alcohol consumption and considered the variables sex, age, ethnicity/skin color, maternal schooling level, having housemaids, number of bathrooms at home, living or not with parents, and type of school. For the analyses, the survey mode was used for complex samples. Poisson regression was performed to assess the magnitude of factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption by adolescents was 22.1%. The variables age range of 15 to 17 years, higher socioeconomic status, and living alone or with only one of the parents were factors that remained associated with alcohol consumption by adolescents regardless of their region of residence. Protective factors in alcohol consumption were associated with variables related to lower economic conditions and being of Asian or indigenous descent. Conclusion: The percentage of adolescents who consume alcohol is worrisome and must be tackled with public policies and health education. Understanding which factors are related to this situation contributes to practices and policies aimed to reduce its prevalence and damage to health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores que influenciam o consumo de álcool por adolescentes brasileiros dos 12 aos 17 anos das cinco macrorregiões do Brasil, de acordo com as características sociodemográficas, escolares e familiares. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal com dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). O desfecho foi avaliado pelo consumo de álcool e foram consideradas as variáveis sexo, idade, etnia/cor da pele, nível de escolaridade materna, ter empregadas domésticas, quantidade de banheiros em casa, viver ou não com os pais e tipo de escola. Para as análises, foi utilizado o modo de inquérito para amostras complexas. A regressão de Poisson foi empregada para avaliar a magnitude dos fatores associados ao consumo de álcool entre adolescentes. Resultados: A prevalência do consumo de álcool por adolescentes foi de 22,1%. As variáveis faixa etária de 15 a 17 anos, condição socioeconômica mais elevada e viver sozinho ou com apenas um dos pais foram fatores que permaneceram associados ao consumo de álcool por adolescentes, independentemente da região de residência. Os fatores de proteção no consumo de álcool estavam associados com variáveis relacionadas a condições econômicas mais baixas e à ascendência asiática ou indígena. Conclusão: A percentagem de adolescentes que consomem álcool é preocupante e deve ser abordada com políticas públicas e educação sanitária. A compreensão dos fatores relacionados com essa situação contribui para práticas e políticas destinadas a reduzir sua prevalência e os danos para a saúde.

Sleep duration and overweight: is there a relationship in adolescence?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and excess weight in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 65,837 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Sleep duration was assessed by means of a questionnaire focusing on weekday and weekend hours of sleep. Nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index, and participants were classified according to age and gender. The statistical analysis was performed with the Stata 13 software, using the survey command. Poisson regression was used to determine the association of excess weight with sleep duration categories. RESULTS: A decline in sleep duration was associated with advancing age. The prevalence of short and long-term sleep among adolescents was 17.9 and 3.6%, respectively, while overweight was diagnosed in 25.5% of the sample. Adolescents who reported having short sleep had 10% (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.15) more overweight, while those who reported sleeping more than 11 hours had approximately 12% (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.78 - 0.99) less excess weight. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the assumption that insufficient sleep poses health risks, and encouraging regular and sufficient sleep may be a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of overweight in adolescence.

Physical violence and associated factors in participants of the National Student Health Survey (NSHS). / Violência física e fatores associados em participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE).

The objective of this article was to analyze the association between physical violence in students with socioeconomic factors, family context, mental health, individual risky behaviors, and unsafe environment. Study with data from the National School Health Survey (NSHS) in 2015, with 9th graders. The outcome variable was the report of involvement in a physical struggle and the associated exposure variables used were related to socioeconomic and demographic conditions, family supervision and support, mental health, risky behaviors, and unsafe environment. Multivariate logistic regression with a hierarchical approach was used in the analyzes. The prevalence of involvement in a fight was higher in boys (30.2%; CI 29.3-31.0) than in girls (16.7%; CI 16.0-17.4). In both genders, there was a greater chance of involvement with physical violence when using drugs, missing classes, sedentary lifestyle, insomnia, loneliness and insecurity at school or in the community and, especially, when victimized by family aggression, OR 2.59 (CI 2.31-2.90) in boys and girls OR 2.42 (CI 2.17-2.71). There was a reduction in the chance of involvement in physical violence in boys because they were working and, in girls, when they study in a private school, having their problems and concerns welcomed by their parents or their participation in school activities.

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a associação entre a violência física em escolares com fatores socioeconômicos, contexto familiar, saúde mental, comportamentos individuais de risco e ambiente inseguro. Estudo com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Escolar (PeNSE), 2015, com alunos do 9o ano. A variável desfecho foi o relato de envolvimento em luta física e as variáveis de exposição associadas utilizadas foram relativas à condição socioeconômica e demográfica, supervisão e apoio familiar, saúde mental, comportamentos de risco e ambiente inseguro. Utilizou-se nas análises a regressão logística multivariada com abordagem hierarquizada. A prevalência de envolvimento em briga foi maior em meninos (30,2%; IC 29,3-31,0) comparada às meninas (16,7%; IC 16,0-17,4). Em ambos os sexos houve maior chance de envolvimento com violência física quando uso de drogas, falta às aulas, sedentarismo, insônia, solidão e insegurança na escola ou na comunidade e, principalmente, quando vítima de agressão familiar OR 2,59 (IC 2,31-2,90) em meninos e, em meninas OR 2,42 (IC 2,17-2,71). Houve redução da chance de envolvimento em violência física em meninos pelo fato de estarem trabalhando, em meninas, por estudarem em escola privada, e terem seus problemas e preocupações acolhidos pelos pais ou a participação destes nas atividades escolares.

Sleep duration and overweight: is there a relationship in adolescence? / Duração do sono e excesso de peso: existe relação na adolescência?

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and excess weight in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 65,837 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Sleep duration was assessed by means of a questionnaire focusing on weekday and weekend hours of sleep. Nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index, and participants were classified according to age and gender. The statistical analysis was performed with the Stata 13 software, using the survey command. Poisson regression was used to determine the association of excess weight with sleep duration categories. Results: A decline in sleep duration was associated with advancing age. The prevalence of short and long-term sleep among adolescents was 17.9 and 3.6%, respectively, while overweight was diagnosed in 25.5% of the sample. Adolescents who reported having short sleep had 10% (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.15) more overweight, while those who reported sleeping more than 11 hours had approximately 12% (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.78 - 0.99) less excess weight. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the assumption that insufficient sleep poses health risks, and encouraging regular and sufficient sleep may be a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of overweight in adolescence.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a duração do sono e o excesso de peso em adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, em amostra composta por 65.837 escolares, de 12 a 17 anos, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). A duração do sono foi avaliada por meio de questões sobre o horário em que os adolescentes costumavam dormir e acordar em dias da semana e final de semana. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada pelo índice de massa corporal, sendo a classificação obtida segundo idade e sexo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Stata 13, mediante o uso do comando survey, sendo a regressão de Poisson utilizada para verificar a associação entre o excesso de peso e as categorias de duração do sono. Resultados: Houve declínio na duração do sono com o avanço da idade. As prevalências de curta e longa duração do sono entre os adolescentes foram, respectivamente, de 17,9 e 3,6%, enquanto o excesso de peso foi diagnosticado em 25,5% da amostra. Adolescentes que relataram ter sono curto apresentaram 10% (RP = 1,10; IC95% 1,06 - 1,15) mais excesso de peso, enquanto os que referiram dormir mais de 11 horas apresentaram aproximadamente 12% (RP = 0,88; IC95% 0,78 - 0,99) menos excesso de peso. Conclusão: Os resultados reforçam o pressuposto de que o sono insuficiente acarreta consequências para a saúde e que incentivar o sono regular e suficiente pode representar uma intervenção com boa relação custo-benefício na prevenção do excesso de peso na adolescência.

Common mental disorders and socioeconomic status in adolescents of ERICA.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a stage of great social, family and emotional demands, and the literature has related common mental disorder (CMD) with poor living conditions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between CMD and socioeconomic status in Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA - Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes). The outcome was CMD and the exposure was socioeconomic status assessed by race/skin color, maternal schooling, resident/room relationship, type of school, existence of maid and bathroom at home, and work activity. For the calculation of prevalence, the survey mode was used and, in the multivariate analysis, logistic regression with p < 5%, as well as the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD in girls was 23.3%, and in boys, 11.1%. The variables associated with CMD in girls were age between 15 and 17 years (OR = 1.34; 1.17-1.51), studying in private school (OR = 1.13; 1.01-1.27), having a housemaid (OR = 1.15; 1.00-1.34) and, as a protective factor, unpaid work (OR = 0.64; 0.55-0.75). Boys also had a higher chance of CMD in the highest age group (OR = 1.42; 1.18-1.71) and when they had a housemaid (OR = 1.26; 1.02-1.57), whereas unpaid work decreased this chance (OR = 0.79; 0.67-0.95). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic variables that were associated with CMD were suggestive of higher economic class, whereas unpaid work favored the mental health of adolescents, results contrary to the literature on socioeconomic status and CMD.

Common mental disorders and socioeconomic status in adolescents of ERICA / Transtorno mental comum e condição socioeconômica em adolescentes do Erica

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a stage of great social, family and emotional demands, and the literature has related common mental disorder (CMD) with poor living conditions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between CMD and socioeconomic status in Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA - Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes). The outcome was CMD and the exposure was socioeconomic status assessed by race/skin color, maternal schooling, resident/room relationship, type of school, existence of maid and bathroom at home, and work activity. For the calculation of prevalence, the survey mode was used and, in the multivariate analysis, logistic regression with p < 5%, as well as the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD in girls was 23.3%, and in boys, 11.1%. The variables associated with CMD in girls were age between 15 and 17 years (OR = 1.34; 1.17-1.51), studying in private school (OR = 1.13; 1.01-1.27), having a housemaid (OR = 1.15; 1.00-1.34) and, as a protective factor, unpaid work (OR = 0.64; 0.55-0.75). Boys also had a higher chance of CMD in the highest age group (OR = 1.42; 1.18-1.71) and when they had a housemaid (OR = 1.26; 1.02-1.57), whereas unpaid work decreased this chance (OR = 0.79; 0.67-0.95). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic variables that were associated with CMD were suggestive of higher economic class, whereas unpaid work favored the mental health of adolescents, results contrary to the literature on socioeconomic status and CMD.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A adolescência é uma fase de grande demanda social, familiar e emocional, e a literatura tem relacionado o transtorno mental comum (TMC) com piores condições de vida. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre TMC e a condição socioeconômica em adolescentes brasileiros de 12 a 17 anos. MÉTODO: Estudo seccional com os dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). O desfecho foi o TMC e a exposição foi a condição socioeconômica avaliada por raça/cor, escolaridade materna, relação morador/cômodo, tipo de escola, existência de empregada e banheiro no domicílio e atividade laboral. Para o cálculo das prevalências, foi utilizado o modo survey e, na análise multivariada, a regressão logística com p < 5%, assim como o intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TMC em meninas foi 23,3% e em meninos, 11,1%. As variáveis associadas ao TMC nas meninas foram ter idade entre 15 e 17 anos (OR = 1,34; 1,17-1,51), estudar em escola privada (OR = 1,13; 1,01-1,27), ter empregada doméstica (OR = 1,15; 1,00-1,34) e, como fator de proteção, o trabalho não remunerado (OR = 0,64; 0,55-0,75). Os meninos também apresentaram maior chance de TMC na faixa etária mais alta (OR = 1,42; 1,18-1,71) e quando tinham empregada (OR = 1,26; 1,02-1,57), enquanto o trabalho não remunerado diminuiu essa chance (OR = 0,79; 0,67-0,95). CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis socioeconômicas que estiveram associadas ao TMC foram sugestivas de classe econômica mais elevada, enquanto o trabalho não remunerado favoreceu a saúde mental dos adolescentes, resultados contrários à literatura sobre condição socioeconômica e TMC.

The ability of waist-to-height ratio to identify health risk.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height in the identification of health risk compared with the correlation matrix between the anthropometric parameters body mass index and waist circumference. METHODS: A population-based study presenting a transversal cut in a representative sample of the Brazilian adult and older population. The combination of the body mass index with the waist circumference resulted in health risk categories, and the cutoff points of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height as anthropometric indicator were used for classification of low and increased risk. Poisson regression was used to verify the association of systemic arterial hypertension with the health risk categories. RESULTS: The results showed 26% of adult men, 10.4% of adult women and more than 30% of the older adults of both genders classified as without risk by the combination matrix between body mass index and waist circumference presented a ratio between the waist circumference and height that showed increased risk. All risk categories continued to be associated with hypertension after control for confounding factors, being almost two times higher for adults with moderate and high risk according to both methods. When the waist-to-height ratio was used as a risk indicator, the prevalence of hypertension ratios for the older adults was 1.37 (95%CI 1.16-1.63) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.12-1.62) for men and women, respectively, being these values close to the combination matrix body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: The waist-to-height ratio identified more individuals at early health risk than the combination matrix between the body mass index and the waist circumference and showed comparable ability to identify health risk, regardless of gender and age, regarding the prevalence ratios for systemic arterial hypertension.

The ability of waist-to-height ratio to identify health risk / Habilidade da razão cintura-estatura na identificação de risco à saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height in the identification of health risk compared with the correlation matrix between the anthropometric parameters body mass index and waist circumference. METHODS A population-based study presenting a transversal cut in a representative sample of the Brazilian adult and older population. The combination of the body mass index with the waist circumference resulted in health risk categories, and the cutoff points of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height as anthropometric indicator were used for classification of low and increased risk. Poisson regression was used to verify the association of systemic arterial hypertension with the health risk categories. RESULTS The results showed 26% of adult men, 10.4% of adult women and more than 30% of the older adults of both genders classified as without risk by the combination matrix between body mass index and waist circumference presented a ratio between the waist circumference and height that showed increased risk. All risk categories continued to be associated with hypertension after control for confounding factors, being almost two times higher for adults with moderate and high risk according to both methods. When the waist-to-height ratio was used as a risk indicator, the prevalence of hypertension ratios for the older adults was 1.37 (95%CI 1.16-1.63) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.12-1.62) for men and women, respectively, being these values close to the combination matrix body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS The waist-to-height ratio identified more individuals at early health risk than the combination matrix between the body mass index and the waist circumference and showed comparable ability to identify health risk, regardless of gender and age, regarding the prevalence ratios for systemic arterial hypertension.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o desempenho da razão entre a circunferência da cintura e a estatura na identificação de risco à saúde comparada à matriz de associação entre os parâmetros antropométricos índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. MÉTODOS Estudo de base populacional apresentando um corte transversal em uma amostra representativa da população adulta e idosa brasileira. A combinação do índice de massa corporal com a circunferência da cintura deu origem às categorias de risco à saúde, assim como os pontos de corte da razão entre a circunferência da cintura e a estatura como indicador antropométrico foram utilizados para a classificação de baixo risco e risco aumentado. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para verificar a associação da hipertensão arterial sistêmica com as categorias de risco à saúde. RESULTADOS Os resultados apontaram que 26% dos homens adultos, 10,4% das mulheres adultas e mais de 30% dos idosos de ambos os sexos classificados como sem risco pela matriz de combinação índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura apresentaram razão entre a circunferência da cintura e a estatura indicativa de risco aumentado. Todas as categorias de risco continuaram apresentando associação com a hipertensão após controle para os fatores de confusão, permanecendo próximas de duas vezes maiores para os indivíduos adultos com risco moderado e elevado segundo ambos os métodos. Já os idosos apresentaram razões de prevalência de hipertensão de 1,37 (IC95% 1,16-1,63) e de 1,35 (IC95% 1,12-1,62), para homens e mulheres, respectivamente, quando utilizada a razão entre a circunferência da cintura e a estatura como indicador de risco, estando estes valores próximos à matriz de combinação índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. CONCLUSÕES A razão entre a circunferência da cintura e a estatura identificou mais indivíduos em risco precoce à saúde do que a matriz de combinação entre o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura e apresentou habilidades comparáveis na identificação de risco à saúde, independentemente do sexo e da faixa etária, no que tange às razões de prevalência para hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

Waist-to-height ratio as an anthropometric marker of overweight in elderly Brazilians. / Razão cintura-estatura como marcador antropométrico de excesso de peso em idosos brasileiros.

This study's objective was to identify the cut-off point for waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the best sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the elderly Brazilian population, using body mass index (BMI) as the anthropometric reference. A representative sample of the Brazilian population consisted of 5,428 elderly individuals participating in an epidemiological survey. The variables were weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). WHtR was assessed with BMI as the gold standard, using two proposals for classification of the elderly population's nutritional status. The ideal cut-off point for WHtR simultaneously showing the highest sensitivity and specificity was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity from 94.9% to 98.4%, specificity from 43% to 55.4%, and values for area under the ROC curve from 0.878 to 0.883 were identified with a cut-off point of 0.55. We recommend use of WHtR in clinical practice due to its simplicity and good power to detect overweight in the elderly.

Razão cintura-estatura como marcador antropométrico de excesso de peso em idosos brasileiros / Razón cintura-estatura como marcador antropométrico de exceso de peso en ancianos brasileños / Waist-to-height ratio as an anthropometric marker of overweight in elderly Brazilians

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o ponto de corte da razão cintura-estatura (RCE) com melhor sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia para a população idosa brasileira utilizando o índice de massa corporal (IMC) como referência antropométrica. A amostra representativa da população brasileira foi composta por 5.428 indivíduos idosos, participantes de um inquérito epidemiológico. As variáveis avaliadas foram peso, altura e circunferência da cintura (CC). A RCE foi avaliada tendo como padrão-ouro o IMC utilizando duas propostas de classificação do estado nutricional para a população idosa. O ponto de corte ideal da RCE mostrando simultaneamente a mais alta sensibilidade e especificidade foi determinado utilizando a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic). Sensibilidade entre 94,9% e 98,4%, especificidade variando de 43% a 55,4% e valores da área sob a curva ROC entre 0,878 e 0,883 foram identificados para o ponto de corte de 0,55. Recomenda-se a utilização da RCE na prática clínica por sua simplicidade e pelo bom poder de detecção de excesso de peso em idosos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el punto de corte de la razón cintura-estatura (RCE) con mejor sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión para la población anciana brasileña, utilizando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) como referencia antropométrica. La muestra representativa de la población brasileña estuvo compuesta por 5.428 individuos ancianos, participantes en una encuesta epidemiológica. Las variables evaluadas fueron peso, altura y circunferencia de la cintura (CC). La RCE se evaluó teniendo como patrón-oro el IMC, utilizando dos propuestas de clasificación del estado nutricional para la población anciana. El punto de corte ideal de la RCE, mostrando simultáneamente la más alta sensibilidad y especificidad, fue determinado utilizando la curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic). Sensibilidad entre 94,9% y 98,4%, especificidad variando de 43% a 55,4% y valores del área bajo la curva ROC entre 0,878 y 0,883 fueron identificados para el punto de corte de 0,55. Se recomienda la utilización de la RCE en la práctica clínica por su simplicidad y por el buen poder de detección de exceso de peso en ancianos.

This study’s objective was to identify the cut-off point for waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the best sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the elderly Brazilian population, using body mass index (BMI) as the anthropometric reference. A representative sample of the Brazilian population consisted of 5,428 elderly individuals participating in an epidemiological survey. The variables were weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). WHtR was assessed with BMI as the gold standard, using two proposals for classification of the elderly population’s nutritional status. The ideal cut-off point for WHtR simultaneously showing the highest sensitivity and specificity was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity from 94.9% to 98.4%, specificity from 43% to 55.4%, and values for area under the ROC curve from 0.878 to 0.883 were identified with a cut-off point of 0.55. We recommend use of WHtR in clinical practice due to its simplicity and good power to detect overweight in the elderly.

Performance of the waist-to-height ratio in identifying obesity and predicting non-communicable diseases in the elderly population: A systematic literature review.

A systematic review was carried out aiming to collect evidence on the use of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on the elderly population, focusing on validity measures to identify the best anthropometric indicator in assessing obesity associated with non-communicable diseases. The review consisted in a search of papers published on the databases Pubmed, Web of Science, and Lilacs, with no restriction regarding period of publication, using the following combinations: abdominal fat or overweight or obesity and waist-to-height ratio or waist height or waist ht or WHtR or waist to stature ratio or wst stature or WSR or stature and girth. Sixteen papers were selected, most of which with high methodological quality. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves was the validity measure explored in 13 papers, followed by sensitivity and specificity measures. In all studies, the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) received special attention for analysis along with WHtR. Five manuscripts showed evidence of WHtR being the best anthropometric index when used alone, four showed that both WHtR and WC had the best discriminatory power in predicting cardiovascular risk factors compared to the other indices, and two ranked WHtR at the same performance level as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and BMI. An association was shown of the obesity assessed by WHtR in predicting risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes compared to other anthropometric parameters.

Estado nutricional e prevalência de anemia em crianças menores de 36 meses / Nutritional status and prevalence of anemia in children under 36 months / Estado nutricional y prevalencia de anemia en niños menores de 36 meses

Estimar a prevalência de anemia correlacionando com o estado nutricional de crianças menores de 36 meses. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo e analítico, realizado com 374 crianças com idade inferior a 36 meses, de creches municipais de Vitória, ES. Foi realizada antropometria e coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb), ferro sérico (FeS) e ferritina sérica (FS). Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia nos préescolares foi de 10,9% (n=19). Níveis inadequados de ferritina estiveram presentes em 7,5% (n=13) das crianças e de ferro sérico em 27,6% (n=48). O estado nutricional da criança não mostrou associação estatisticamente significante com a anemia. Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia na população estudada caracteriza um problema leve de saúde pública, não sendo observada associação do estado nutricional a essa deficiência...

To estimate the prevalence of anemia associated with nutritional status in children under 36 months of age. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in 2007 comprising 374 children under 36 months of age enrolled at a municipal day care center. Anthropometric assessment and blood sample collection were performed, being measured Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SFe) and serum ferritin (SF). For statistical analysis, chi-square and Fisher?s exact test were used. Results: The prevalence of anemia among preschool children was of 10.9% (n=19). Inadequate levels of serum ferritin and serum iron were present in 7.5% (n=13) and 27.6% (n=48) of the children, respectively. The children?s nutritional status showed no statistically significant association with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in the studied population features a mild public health problem, without association with the nutritional status...

Estimar la prevalencia de anemia y correlacionar con el estado nutricional de niños menores de 36 meses. Métodos: Estudio observacional, trasversal, retrospectivo y analítico realizado con 374 niños abajo de 36 meses, de guarderías municipales de Vitória, ES. Se realizó antropometría y fueron recogidas muestras de sangre para la dosificación de hemoglobina (Hb), hierro sérico (HS) y ferritina sérica (FS). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el exacto de Fisher. Resultados: La prevalência de anemia en los pre-escolares fue del 10,9% (n=19). Niveles inadecuados de ferritina estuvieron presentes en el 7,5% (n=13) de los niños y de hierro sérico en el 27,6% (n=48). El estado nutricional del niño no mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con La anemia. Conclusión: La prevalencia de anemia en la población estudiada se caracteriza um problema leve de salud pública, no siendo observada la asociación del estado nutricional y esa deficiencia...

Transtornos alimentares em bailarinas clássicas adolescentes / Eating disorders among classic ballet dancers / Trastornos alimentarios en bailarinas clasicas adolescentes

Analisar a prevalência de sintomas de transtornos alimentares (TAs) em bailarinas clássicas adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, realizado em 2009, cujos sintomas de TAs foram investigados aplicando-se os testes Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) e Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE). A avaliação da imagem corporal da população estudada se deu pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Além disso, foi realizada avaliação antropométrica ? aferição de peso, estatura e pregas cutâneas, cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e percentual de gordura corporal. Resultados: Das 139 adolescentes avaliadas, os desvios nutricionais estavam presentes em 4,4% (n=6); e 23% (n=32) apresentaram percentual de gordura anormal. A análise do EAT concluiu que 12,3% (n=17) apresentaram resultados positivos para a anorexia nervosa (AN). Diante dos resultados do BITE, identificou-se que 13,7% (n=19) apresentam hábito alimentar não usual e 6,5% (n=9) refletem quadro subclínico de bulimia nervosa (BN). Com relação à gravidade, 3,6% (n=5) apresentaram resultado significativo clinicamente e 1,4% (n=2), de alta gravidade. Ao avaliar o BSQ, 15,7% (n=21) encontravam-se levemente preocupadas com a imagem corporal; 5,2% (n=7), moderadamente; e 6,7% (n=9), extremamente preocupadas. Conclusão: O estudo não diagnosticou a presença de TAs, mas verificou a existência de sintomas de anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Ele teve como principal intuito alertar sobre a prevalência do possível desenvolvimento de TAs diante das interferências do meio em que essas adolescentes convivem, sob o modelo definido pelo balé clássico e as perturbações comuns na fase da adolescência...

To describe the prevalence of eating disorders symptoms among classical ballet dancers. Methods: This is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional study, conducted in 2009, that investigated eating disorder symptoms using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE). The body image of the study population was assessed by the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). In addition, the anthropometric assessment was performed ? measurement of weight, height and skin folds, calculation of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Results: Of all the 139 emale adolescents assessed, 4.4% (n=6) had nutrition problems and 23% (n=23) presented abnormal values of body fat. The analysis of the EAT concluded that 12.3% (n=17) of the girls presented positive results for anorexia nervosa (AN). The BITE results showed that 13.7% (n=19) ofthe girls had unusual eating habits and 6.5% (n=9) presented subclinical bulimia nervosa (BN). As for severity, 3.6% (n=5) of the girls presented clinically significant results and 1.4% (n=2) were diagnosed with high severity. Concerning the results of the BSQ, 15.7% (n=21) of the girls were slightly concerned about body image; 5.2% (n=7) were moderately worried, and 6.7% (n=9) were severely concerned about it. Conclusion: This study did not diagnose the occurrence of eating disorders but found symptoms of AN (Anorexia Nervosa) and BN (Bulimia Nervosa). Its main purpose was to alert about the prevalence of the possible development of eating disorders due to the influences of the environment where the teenagers are inserted ? under a model defined by the classic ballet dance and the psychological turmoil of adolescence...

Analizar la prevalencia de síntomas de trastornos alimentarios (Tas) en bailarinas clásicas adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio observacional, trasversal y analítico realizado en 2009 cuyos síntomas de TAs fueron investigados con la aplicación de las pruebas Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) y Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE). La evaluación de la imagen corporal de la población estudiada se dio por el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Además, fue realizada la evaluación antropométrica ? medición del peso, altura y pliegues cutáneos, cálculo Del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentual de grasa corporal. Resultados: De las 139 adolescentes evaluadas los desvios nutricionales estaban presentes en el 4,4% (n=6); y el 23% (n=32) presentaron porcentual de grasa anormal. El análisis del EAT concluyó que el 12,3% (n=17) presentaron resultados positivos para la anorexia nerviosa (NA). Delante de los resultados Del BITE se identificó que el 13,7% (n=19) presentan la costumbre alimentaria no usual y el 6,5% (n=9) reflejan cuadro subclínico de bulimia nerviosa (BN). Respecto a la gravedad, el 3,6% (n=5) presentaron resultado clínicamente significativo y el 1,4% (n=2) de alta gravedad. Al evaluar el BSQ, el 15,7% (n=21) se encontro levemente preocupadas con la imagen corporal; el 5,2% (n=7) moderadamente y el 6,7% (n=9) extremadamente preocupadas. Conclusión: El estudio no diagnostico la presencia de TAs pero verifico la existencia de síntomas de anorexia y bulimia nerviosa Él tuvo como principal objetivo alertar sobre la prevalência del posible desarrollo de TAs delante de las interferencias Del medio en que las adolescentes conviven bajo el modelo definido por el ballet clásico y las perturbaciones comunes de la fase de adolescencia...