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1.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 11(6)2021 Jun 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34207530

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology of invasive diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pre-vaccine period, and Haemophilus influenzae in the post-vaccine period in a pediatric population from Serbia. Among the meningococci, serogroup B dominated (83%), followed by serogroup C (11.3%). High antigenic diversity was found, with fine type P1.5-1,10-4 being the most frequent. Moderate susceptibility to penicillin was common (55%). Within pneumococci, serotypes 19F, 14, 6B, 6A, 18C, 23F, 3, and 7F prevailed, while 19A was rare (3.6%). The coverages of PCV10 and PCV13 were 68% and 84%, respectively. Major sequence types were ST320, ST15, ST273, ST271, and ST81. Non-susceptibility to penicillin (66.7%), cefotaxime (37%), and macrolides (55%) was predominantly detected in vaccine-related serotypes. Among the 11 invasive H. influenzae isolates collected, there were six Hib, three non-type b, and two non-typeable strains (ntHi) that were antibiotic susceptible. These results imply a potential benefit of future Men-B vaccine implementations. For pneumococci, as PCV10 was recently introduced, a significant reduction of morbidity and antibiotic resistance might be expected. The efficiency of Hib vaccination is evident, but a shift towards non-type b and ntHi strains may be anticipated.

2.
J Infect ; 79(6): 528-541, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31682877

RESUMO

The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) aims to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) worldwide through education, research and cooperation. In March 2019, a GMI meeting was held with a multidisciplinary group of experts and representatives from countries within Eastern Europe. Across the countries represented, IMD surveillance is largely in place, with incidence declining in recent decades and now generally at <1 case per 100,000 persons per year. Predominating serogroups are B and C, followed by A, and cases attributable to serogroups W, X and Y are emerging. Available vaccines differ between countries, are generally not included in immunization programs and provided to high-risk groups only. Available vaccines include both conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines; however, current data and GMI recommendations advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, where possible, due to the ability to interrupt the acquisition of carriage. Ongoing carriage studies are expected to inform vaccine effectiveness and immunization schedules. Additionally, IMD prevention and control should be guided by monitoring outbreak progression and the emergence and international spread of strains and antibiotic resistance through use of genomic analyses and implementation of World Health Organization initiatives. Protection of high-risk groups (such as those with complement deficiencies, laboratory workers, migrants and refugees) is recommended.


Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Surtos de Doenças , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/prevenção & controle , Europa Oriental/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Infecções Meningocócicas/microbiologia , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis/classificação , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , Sorogrupo
3.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 10(6): 1725-8, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24608912

RESUMO

Neisseria meningitidis is differentiated into 12 distinct serogroups, of which A, B, C, W, X, and Y are medically most important and represent an important health problem in different parts of the world. The epidemiology of N. meningitidis is unpredictable over time and across geographic regions. Recent epidemiological surveillance has indicated an increase of serogroup Y invasive meningococcal disease in some parts of Europe as shown in the epidemiological data for 2010 and 2011 from various European countries previously published in this journal. (1)(,) (2) Here, data from 33 European countries is reported indicating that the emergence of serogroup Y continued in 2012 in various regions of Europe, especially in Scandinavia, while in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe the importance of serogroup Y remained low.


Assuntos
Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas/microbiologia , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo Y/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Topografia Médica
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