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1.
Pathogens ; 12(8)2023 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37623970

RESUMO

Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium of bovines, responsible for large economic losses worldwide. It is mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and, despite mounting evidence suggesting transovarial transmission, the occurrence of this phenomenon remains controversial. We evaluated the vector competence of R. microplus larvae vertically infected with A. marginale to transmit the bacterium to a naïve bovine. A subgroup of engorged female ticks collected from an A. marginale-positive animal was dissected and the presence of the pathogen in its tissues was confirmed. A second subgroup of ticks was placed under controlled conditions for oviposition. After confirming the presence of A. marginale in the hatched larvae, an experimental infestation assay was conducted. Larvae were placed on an A. marginale-free splenectomized calf. The bacterium was detected in the experimentally infested bovine 22 days post-infestation. We analyzed the A. marginale diversity throughout the transmission cycle using the molecular marker MSP1a. Different genotypes were detected in the mammalian and arthropod hosts showing a reduction of strain diversity along the transmission process. Our results demonstrate the vertical transmission of A. marginale from R. microplus females to its larvae, their vector competence to transmit the pathogen, and a bottleneck in A. marginale strain diversity.

2.
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) ; 32(2): 223-228, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35166423

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic utility of quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) for prediction of in-hospital mortality and length of hospitalization in dogs with pyometra. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from February 2013 to April 2019 SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital ANIMALS: Fifty-two dogs referred with confirmed diagnosis of pyometra INTERVENTIONS: None MEASUREMENTS AND PRINCIPAL OUTCOMES: Sixty-five percent of dogs survived to discharge. A cut-off score of ≥2 for qSOFA was associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 6.51 [95% CI: 1.35 - 31.3]) P = 0.019. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for a qSOFA score ≥ 2 for mortality was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.85), with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 66.7%. The mean ± SD number of organs with dysfunction was significantly higher in dogs with a qSOFA score ≥2 1.76 ± 0.83 compared to dogs with a qSOFA score < 2 1.08 ± 1.09, P = 0.015. The presence of a qSOFA score ≥ 2 was associated with a longer time of hospitalization in survivors with a median (interquartile range) length of stay in qSOFA < 2 (48 [33]) hours versus qSOFA score ≥ 2 (78 [52]) hours, P = 0.027. CONCLUSIONS: In dogs with pyometra, the qSOFA score was associated with mortality and length of hospitalization. This score might be useful to improve the risk stratification in dogs with pyometra. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the predictive capacity of qSOFA in other septic patient populations.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Piometra , Sepse , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Hospitalização , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Prognóstico , Piometra/complicações , Piometra/veterinária , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/veterinária
3.
Vet Parasitol ; 296: 109493, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34130095

RESUMO

Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bigemina and B. bovis is an economically relevant tick-borne disease distributed over tropical and subtropical world regions. Animals that recover from the clinical disease can remain persistently infected, and those carriers are epidemiologically relevant since they can act as a source of infection to other animals through the tick bite. According to the manual of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the recommended molecular diagnosis test for both parasites is a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based on an amplification of a fragment of the rap-1 gene. Since nPCRs are time consuming, have a higher cost and risk of contamination, we propose a single step PCR for B. bigemina (BbiVESA) and B. bovis (BboVESA) based on the amplification of the multi-copy ves-1α gene. We developed these methods and we achieved a detection limit of 1 × 10-12 % parasitemia for B. bigemina and of 1 × 10-6 % for B. bovis using reference strains, which compared to the reference OIE tests, results in an improvement in sensitivity of six orders for B. bigemina. Finally, we tested 48 field samples from a babesiosis enzootic region where we were able to detect a higher proportion of positive animals with both VESA methods than with the reference rap-1 nPCRs. This difference was statistically significant for each Babesia species. Concordance between both diagnostic schemes based on Cohen's kappa coefficient showed minimal to non-agreement (κ = 0.32) for B. bigemina and non-agreement (κ = 0.16) for B. bovis since BbiVESA and BboVESA PCR tests showed a significantly higher detection capacity. In conclusion, the high sensitivity of the assay, together with the lower demand of time and reagents make the VESA PCR methods developed here a valuable diagnostic tool for the molecular detection and epidemiological survey of both Babesia pathogens.


Assuntos
Babesia bovis , Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Animais , Babesia/genética , Babesia bovis/genética , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
5.
Pathogens ; 9(12)2020 Dec 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33317119

RESUMO

Anaplasma marginale, a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions, has been previously molecularly characterized in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from Corrientes, Argentina. Ticks or other hematophagous arthropod involved in the wild transmission cycle remained unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the simultaneous occurrence of A. marginale in blood samples and ticks from giant anteaters from Corrientes in order to investigate if ticks could be relevant in the transmission among these mammals. Blood samples from 50 giant anteaters collected in different years and 26 ticks Amblyomma dubitatum and A. sculptum were studied through the molecular amplification of two unequivocal species-specific genes from A. marginale: msp5 and msp1ß. Twenty five giant anteaters and tick organs (salivary glands, gut and oviduct) from 11 ticks tested positive to the A. marginale DNA amplification. The further molecular characterization through MSP1a tandem repeats analysis revealed the presence of genotypes circulating among giant anteaters that had been previously identified in cattle blood samples from the same geographical region. These results confirm the presence of A. marginale in giant anteaters in Corrientes and suggests that A. dubitatum and A. sculptum ticks could be involved in the transmission among giant anteaters. Future studies will determine the role of these tick species in the wild transmission cycle in the study area and the eventual connection with the domestic cycle.

6.
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) ; 30(6): 677-686, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33063922

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVCCI) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in hospitalized, critically ill dogs with hemodynamic or tissue perfusion abnormalities. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Private referral center. ANIMALS: Twenty-seven critically ill, spontaneously breathing dogs with compromised hemodynamics or tissue hypoperfusion. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The electronic medical records were searched for dogs admitted for any cause, from August 2016 to December 2017. We included dogs with ultrasound measurements of: CVCCI, performed at baseline; and velocity time integral (VTI) of the subaortic blood flow, carried out before and after a fluid load. CVCCI was estimated as: (maximum diameter-minimum diameter/maximum diameter) × 100. Dogs in which VTI increased ≥15% were considered fluid responders. The CVCCI accurately predicted fluid responsiveness with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00). The optimal cut-off of CVCCI that better discriminated between fluid responders and nonresponders was 27%, with 100.0% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity. At baseline, fluid responders had lower VTI (5.48 [4.26 to 7.40] vs 10.61 [7.38 to 13.23] cm, P = 0.004) than nonresponders. The basal maximum diameter of the caudal vena cava adjusted to body weight was not different between responders and nonresponders (0.050 [0.030 to 0.100] vs 0.079 [0.067 to 0.140] cm/kg, P = 0.339). The increase in VTI was related to basal CVCCI (R = 0.60, P = 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed narrow 95% limits of agreement between measurements of CVCCI and VTI performed by different observers or by the same observer. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this small cohort study suggest that CVCCI can accurately predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill dogs with perfusion abnormalities. Further research is necessary to extrapolate these results to larger populations of hospitalized dogs.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Hidratação/veterinária , Choque/veterinária , Veia Cava Inferior/fisiopatologia , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Estado Terminal , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Feminino , Hidratação/métodos , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque/diagnóstico , Choque/terapia , Ultrassonografia
7.
BMC Vet Res ; 16(1): 321, 2020 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873288

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status. RESULTS: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled marsh deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector-borne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Cervos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Fezes/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/mortalidade , Dinâmica Populacional , Especificidade da Espécie , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/mortalidade , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade
8.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 10(41): 8-13, 29/12/2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS, ARGMSAL | ID: biblio-1047429

RESUMO

Las rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis y anaplasmosis son causadas por bacterias gramnegativas intracelulares obligadas y transmitidas por artrópodos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar especies de garrapatas presentes en caninos de la ciudad de Pergamino y detectar presencia de patógenos de los géneros Ehrlichia, Anaplasma y Rickettsia. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 21 garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l obtenidas de caninos de diferentes ambientes de la ciudad de Pergamino. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante PCR, amplificando un fragmento del gen gltA para Rickettsia spp. y del 16SrRNA para los géneros Ehrlichia/Anaplasma. RESULTADOS: Se detectó positividad a Rickettsia spp. en el 4,76%, identificándose por secuenciación a la especie Rickettsia massiliae. Para la familia Anaplasmataceae se detectó positividad para Ehrlichia canis (23,8%) y Anaplasma platys (19,04%). CONCLUSIONES: Se trata del primer reporte de patógenos de interés zoonótico y/o veterinario pertenecientes a los géneros Rickettsia, Ehrlichia y Anaplasma en garrapatas Rh. sanguineus s.l para el norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires


Assuntos
Rickettsia , Carrapatos , Ehrlichia , Anaplasma
9.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 51(4): 339-344, dic. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057398

RESUMO

Resumen Las rickettsiosis son enfermedades zoonóticas transmitidas por artrópodos vectores, que en Argentina presentan 2 escenarios epidemiológicos diferenciados. Uno, en las yungas de Salta y Jujuy, involucra vectores pertenecientes al «complejo Amblyomma cajennense¼ (A. sculptum y A. toneliae) y a Rickettsia rickettsii como agente etiológico. En este escenario la forma clínica de la enfermedad se conoce como fiebre manchada (FM) y se presenta con manifestaciones cutáneas y sistémicas graves. El otro escenario incluye 2 zonas: una la del Delta del Río Paraná y Bahía de Samborombón, donde Amblyomma triste actúa como vector; otra, las provincias de Córdoba, La Rioja, San Luis y La Pampa, donde el vector es Amblyomma tigrinum. En este segundo escenario Rickettsia parkeri es el agente causal, y la FM se manifiesta con un cuadro benigno y autolimitado. En este trabajo describimos un caso fatal de FM por R. rickettsii en El Tunal, Salta, y el primer caso de FM por R. parkeri en San Juan.


Abstract Rickettsioses are zoonotic tick-borne diseases. In Argentina, there are two epidemiological scenarios: jungle of Salta and Jujuy, involving vectors from the "Amblyomma cajennense Complex" (A. sculptum, and A. toneliae) and Rickettsia rickettsii as the main etiological agent; and the second scene to Delta del Rio Paraná and Samborombón Bay, where Amblyomma triste acts as a vector; and the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja, San Luis and La Pampa where Amblyomma tigrinum is the vector. In this second scenario, Rickettsia parkeri is the causal agent. The spotted fever (SF) due to R. rickettsii is responsible for a severe cutaneous and systemic disease. Contrarily, R. parkeri produces benign and self-limited clinical manifestation. Here we describe a fatal SF case by R. rickettsii, in El Tunal, Salta and the first SF case due to R. parkeri in San Juan.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rickettsia rickettsii/patogenicidade , Infecções por Rickettsia/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/terapia , Manifestações Cutâneas , Zoonoses/epidemiologia
10.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 10(6): 101270, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31445874

RESUMO

Protection against the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia bovis depends on both strong innate and adaptive immune response, this latter involving the presentation of parasite antigens to CD4+ T-lymphocytes by professional antigen-presenting cells. Secretion of Th1 cytokines by CD4+ T cell is also very important for isotype switching to IgG2, the best opsonising antibody isotype in cattle, to target extracellular parasites and parasite antigens displayed at the erythrocyte surface. In the field of vaccinology, heterologous prime-boost schemes combining protein-adjuvant formulations with a modified vaccinia Ankara vector expressing the same antigen have demonstrated the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. It has been previously demonstrated that MVA-infected dendritic cells can present antigens in the context of MHC II and activate CD4+ T cell. These results support the use of the MVA viral vector for a pathogen like Babesia bovis, which only resides within erythrocytes. In this study, 13-15-months-old Holstein-Friesian steers were immunised with a subunit vaccine as a prime and a modified vaccinia Ankara vector as a boost, both expressing a chimeric multi-antigen (rMABbo - rMVA). This antigen includes the immunodominant B and T cell epitopes of three B. bovis proteins: merozoite surface antigen - 2c (MSA - 2c), rhoptry associated protein 1 (RAP - 1) and heat shock protein 20 (HSP20). Responses were compared with the Babesia bovis live attenuated vaccine used in Argentina (R1A). Eleven weeks after the first immunisation, all bovines were challenged by the inoculation of a virulent B. bovis strain. All groups were monitored daily for hyperthermia and reduction of packed cell volume. Both the rMABbo - rMVA and R1A vaccinated animals developed high titters of total IgG antibodies and an antigen-specific Th1 cellular response before and after challenge. However, all rMABbo - rMVA steers showed clinical signs of disease upon challenge. Only the R1A live vaccine group developed an immune response associated with in vitro neutralising antibodies at a level that significantly inhibited the parasite invasion. The lack of protection observed with this recombinant formulation indicates the need to perform further basic and clinical studies in the bovine model in order to achieve the desired effectiveness. This is the first report in which a novel vaccine candidate against Babesia bovis was constructed based on a recombinant and rationally designed viral vector and evaluated in the biological model of the disease.


Assuntos
Babesia bovis/imunologia , Babesiose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Protozoárias/imunologia , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Babesiose/imunologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vírus Vaccinia/imunologia
11.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 51(4): 339-344, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30928146

RESUMO

Rickettsioses are zoonotic tick-borne diseases. In Argentina, there are two epidemiological scenarios: jungle of Salta and Jujuy, involving vectors from the "Amblyomma cajennense Complex" (A. sculptum, and A. toneliae) and Rickettsia rickettsii as the main etiological agent; and the second scene to Delta del Rio Paraná and Samborombón Bay, where Amblyomma triste acts as a vector; and the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja, San Luis and La Pampa where Amblyomma tigrinum is the vector. In this second scenario, Rickettsia parkeri is the causal agent. The spotted fever (SF) due to R. rickettsii is responsible for a severe cutaneous and systemic disease. Contrarily, R. parkeri produces benign and self-limited clinical manifestation. Here we describe a fatal SF case by R. rickettsii, in El Tunal, Salta and the first SF case due to R. parkeri in San Juan.


Assuntos
Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/diagnóstico , Argentina , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl ; 8: 45-49, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30619709

RESUMO

Vector-borne pathogens are responsible for serious emerging diseases and have been widely described in wildlife. Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes the zoonotic "monocytic ehrlichiosis" in humans, is transmitted by the tick Amblyomma americanum and its reservoir host is the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America. Little is known about the native reservoir and the tick vectors involved in the transmission cycle in South America. We report here the detection of E. chaffeensis in a study on marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) mortality in Argentina, in different time periods between 2007 and 2016. Four deer, from two distinct populations, were positive for E. chaffeensis through molecular methods. Additionally, the variable-length PCR target (VLPT) region of positive samples was genotyped. Our results provide the first evidence of E. chaffeensis in autochthonous Cervidae from Argentina, contributing to uncover the distribution of this tick-borne infection in South America.

13.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 30(2): 144-152, 2018.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29995078

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a novel physiological approach for setting the tidal volume in mechanical ventilation according to inspiratory capacity, and to determine if it results in an appropriate mechanical and gas exchange measurements in healthy and critically ill dogs. METHODS: Twenty healthy animals were included in the study to assess the tidal volume expressed as a percentage of inspiratory capacity. For inspiratory capacity measurement, the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: pressure control mode with 35cmH2O of inspired pressure and zero end-expiratory pressure for 5 seconds. Subsequently, the animals were randomized into four groups and ventilated with a tidal volume corresponding to the different percentages of inspiratory capacity. Subsequently, ten critically ill dogs were studied. RESULTS: Healthy dogs ventilated with a tidal volume of 17% of the inspiratory capacity showed normal respiratory mechanics and presented expected PaCO2 values more frequently than the other groups. The respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure were significantly higher among the critically ill dogs but below 15 cmH2O in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The tidal volume based on the inspiratory capacity of each animal has proven to be a useful and simple tool when setting ventilator parameters. A similar approach should also be evaluated in other species, including human beings, if we consider the potential limitations of tidal volume titration based on the calculated ideal body weight.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma nova abordagem fisiológica para a determinação do volume corrente em ventilação mecânica, de acordo com a capacidade inspiratória, e determinar se isso resulta em medidas mecânicas e de troca gasosa adequadas em cães saudáveis e em estado crítico. MÉTODOS: Incluíram-se, neste estudo, 24 animais para avaliar o volume corrente expresso como porcentagem da capacidade inspiratória. Para mensuração da capacidade inspiratória, o ventilador mecânico foi regulado como segue: modo controle de pressão, com 35cmH2O de pressão de inspiração e pressão expiratória final de zero, por 5 segundos. Subsequentemente, estudaram-se dez cães em condições clínicas críticas. RESULTADOS: Cães saudáveis ventilados com volume corrente que correspondia a 17% da capacidade inspiratória demonstraram mecânica respiratória normal e apresentaram os valores previstos de PaCO2 mais frequentemente do que os animais nos demais grupos. A pressão no sistema respiratório e a pressão transpulmonar foram significantemente mais elevadas nos cães em condição crítica, porém em todos os casos, estiveram abaixo de 15cmH2O. CONCLUSÕES: O volume corrente calculado com base na capacidade inspiratória de cada animal comprovou ser uma ferramenta útil e simples para o estabelecimento dos parâmetros do ventilador. Convém também realizar abordagem semelhante em outras espécies, inclusive no ser humano, quando se consideram as potenciais limitações da titulação do volume corrente, com base no peso corpóreo ideal calculado.


Assuntos
Capacidade Inspiratória/fisiologia , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar/fisiologia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Estado Terminal , Cães , Distribuição Aleatória , Respiração Artificial/veterinária
14.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(2): 144-152, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-959313

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar uma nova abordagem fisiológica para a determinação do volume corrente em ventilação mecânica, de acordo com a capacidade inspiratória, e determinar se isso resulta em medidas mecânicas e de troca gasosa adequadas em cães saudáveis e em estado crítico. Métodos: Incluíram-se, neste estudo, 24 animais para avaliar o volume corrente expresso como porcentagem da capacidade inspiratória. Para mensuração da capacidade inspiratória, o ventilador mecânico foi regulado como segue: modo controle de pressão, com 35cmH2O de pressão de inspiração e pressão expiratória final de zero, por 5 segundos. Subsequentemente, estudaram-se dez cães em condições clínicas críticas. Resultados: Cães saudáveis ventilados com volume corrente que correspondia a 17% da capacidade inspiratória demonstraram mecânica respiratória normal e apresentaram os valores previstos de PaCO2 mais frequentemente do que os animais nos demais grupos. A pressão no sistema respiratório e a pressão transpulmonar foram significantemente mais elevadas nos cães em condição crítica, porém em todos os casos, estiveram abaixo de 15cmH2O. Conclusões: O volume corrente calculado com base na capacidade inspiratória de cada animal comprovou ser uma ferramenta útil e simples para o estabelecimento dos parâmetros do ventilador. Convém também realizar abordagem semelhante em outras espécies, inclusive no ser humano, quando se consideram as potenciais limitações da titulação do volume corrente, com base no peso corpóreo ideal calculado.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a novel physiological approach for setting the tidal volume in mechanical ventilation according to inspiratory capacity, and to determine if it results in an appropriate mechanical and gas exchange measurements in healthy and critically ill dogs. Methods: Twenty healthy animals were included in the study to assess the tidal volume expressed as a percentage of inspiratory capacity. For inspiratory capacity measurement, the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: pressure control mode with 35cmH2O of inspired pressure and zero end-expiratory pressure for 5 seconds. Subsequently, the animals were randomized into four groups and ventilated with a tidal volume corresponding to the different percentages of inspiratory capacity. Subsequently, ten critically ill dogs were studied. Results: Healthy dogs ventilated with a tidal volume of 17% of the inspiratory capacity showed normal respiratory mechanics and presented expected PaCO2 values more frequently than the other groups. The respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure were significantly higher among the critically ill dogs but below 15 cmH2O in all cases. Conclusions: The tidal volume based on the inspiratory capacity of each animal has proven to be a useful and simple tool when setting ventilator parameters. A similar approach should also be evaluated in other species, including human beings, if we consider the potential limitations of tidal volume titration based on the calculated ideal body weight.


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar/fisiologia , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Capacidade Inspiratória/fisiologia , Respiração Artificial/veterinária , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Estado Terminal
15.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 9(2): 155-163, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28882512

RESUMO

Vector-borne hemoparasitic infections are a major problem that affects livestock industries worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this work, a reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of Anaplasma, Babesia and bovine trypanosomes, encompassing in this way the most relevant hemoparasites that affect cattle. A total of 186 bovine blood samples collected from two different ecoepidemiological regions of northeast Argentina, with and without tick control, were analyzed with this new RLB. High diversity of parasites, such as Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and three different Trypanosoma species, was found. High rates of coinfections were also detected, and significant differences were observed not only in the prevalence of parasites but also in the level of coinfections between the two analyzed areas. Regarding the Trypanosoma genus, we provide molecular evidence of the presence of T. vivax and T. theileri for the first time in Argentina. Besides, since the RLB is a prospective tool, it allowed the identification of a yet unknown bovine trypanosome which could not be assigned to any of the bovine species known so far. In the present study we provide new insights on the prevalence of several pathogens that directly impact on livestock production in Argentina. The RLB assay developed here allows to identify simultaneously numerous pathogenic species which can also be easily expanded to detect other blood borne pathogens. These characteristics make the RLB hybridization assay an essential tool for epidemiological survey of all vector-borne pathogens.


Assuntos
Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Babesiose/microbiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Feminino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Prevalência , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia
16.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 10: 114-118, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31014581

RESUMO

Neobalantidium coli (Pomajbíková et al., 2013) is a cosmopolitan ciliate which colonizes the intestine of humans and animals. Pigs are the most important host and reservoir for this parasite, although others mammals have been described. Humans can acquire the disease through the ingestion of water and food contaminated with cysts and even from person to person contact. Farmers and slaughterhouse workers from rural areas of developing countries have an increased incidence of balantidiosis. In Argentina, despite swine production on family farms covers 70% of domestic consumption requirements; there is a lack of veterinary animal health planning which result in high rate of animal mortality, as well as environmental risk due to inefficient facilities and mismanagement of manure and effluents. At present there are no epidemiological data on balantidiosis in Argentina, except for isolated reports. Therefore, the aims of this study were to establish the frequency of N. coli in pigs raised under different conditions and to explore the zoonotic potential. In order to confirm the identity of Neobalantidium coli like-cysts founded in the feces, a set of N. coli specific primers based on 18S rRNA gene sequences was designed. The molecular identification of N. coli was performed in 88.9% (16 out of 18) of swine stool samples in which cysts had been visualized. The fecal samples obtained from pigs raised on more open farmland showed a lower percentage of N. coli than those obtained from animals raised in swine pens. On the other hand, molecular identification of N. coli was also performed in human feces. Pairwise comparison of sequences obtained from pigs and human fecal samples from the NW Region of Argentina showed a high percentage of similarity, indicating a possible zoonotic transmission.


Assuntos
Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Trichostomatina/genética , Trichostomatina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Zoonoses
18.
Parasit Vectors ; 9(1): 305, 2016 05 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27229471

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anaplasma marginale is a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions. Even though, this obligate intracellular bacterium has been reported in other host species different than bovine, it has never been documented in Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater) or Hippocamelus antisense (taruca), which are two native endangered species. METHODS: Samples from two sick wild animals: a Myrmecophaga tridactyla (blood) and a Hippocamelus antisense (blood and serum) were studied for the presence of A. marginale DNA through msp5 gene fragment amplification. Further characterization was done through MSP1a tandem repeats analysis and MLST scheme and the genetic relationship among previously characterized A. marginale sequences were studied by applying, eBURST algorithm and AMOVA analysis. RESULTS: Anaplasma marginale DNA was identified in the Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Hippocamelus antisense samples. Through molecular markers, we identified an identical genotype in both animals that was not previously reported in bovine host. The analysis through eBURST and AMOVA revealed no differentiation between the taruca/anteater isolate and the bovine group. CONCLUSIONS: In the present publication we report the identification of A. marginale DNA in a novel ruminant (Hippocamelus antisense) and non-ruminant (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) host species. Genotyping analysis of isolates demonstrated the close relatedness of the new isolate with the circulation population of A. marginale in livestock. Further analysis is needed to understand whether these two hosts contribute to the anaplasmosis epidemiology.


Assuntos
Anaplasma marginale/classificação , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Artiodáctilos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Xenarthra/microbiologia , Anaplasma marginale/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Bovinos , DNA Bacteriano/sangue , Feminino , Genótipo , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/veterinária , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem/genética
19.
J Microbiol Methods ; 119: 87-97, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26471201

RESUMO

The use of molecular techniques in recent years has enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of Rickettsiales, a bacterial order which includes significant emerging and re-emerging pathogens of humans and animals. Molecular detection enables the accurate identification at the species level, providing additional information on the epidemiology and course of the clinical cases. Moreover, PCR and enzyme restriction analysis of the vector blood meal can be employed to study the tick feeding source and possibly identify pathogen's reservoir. Here, we review the molecular tools available for the identification and characterization of tick-borne bacteria from the genera Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma and for the study of ticks feeding behavior. We summarize the significant criteria for taxonomic identification of Rickettsiales species and propose a procedure algorithm for the classification of bacterial isolates as members of this order.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Animais , Humanos , Rickettsia/classificação , Infecções por Rickettsia/transmissão , Carrapatos/fisiologia
20.
Infect Genet Evol ; 30: 186-194, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25550150

RESUMO

Bovine Anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where Rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most significant biological vector. Molecular markers previously applied for A. marginale typing are efficient for isolate discrimination but they are not a suitable tool for studying population structure and dynamics. Here we report the development of an MLST scheme based on the study of seven genes: dnaA, ftsZ, groEl, lipA, recA, secY and sucB. Five annotated genomes (Saint Maries, Florida, Mississippi, Puerto Rico and Virginia) and 53 bovine blood samples from different world regions were analyzed. High nucleotide diversity and a large proportion of synonymous substitutions, indicative of negative selection resulted from DnaSP 5.00.02 package application. Recombination events were detected in almost all genes, this evidence together with the coexistence of more than one A. marginale strain in the same sample might suggest the superinfection phenomena as a potential source of variation. The allelic profile analysis performed through GoeBURST shown two main CC that did not support geography. In addition, the AMOVA test confirmed the occurrence of at least two main genetically divergent groups. The composition of the emergent groups reflected the impact of both historical and environmental traits on A. marginale population structure. Finally, a web-based platform "Galaxy MLST-Pipeline" was developed to automate DNA sequence editing and data analysis that together with the Data Base are freely available to users. The A. marginale MLST scheme developed here is a valuable tool with a high discrimination power, besides PCR based strategies are still the better choice for epidemiological intracellular pathogens studies. Finally, the allelic profile describe herein would contribute to uncover the mechanisms in how intracellular pathogens challenge virulence paradigm.


Assuntos
Anaplasma marginale/genética , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Bovinos , Haplótipos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus
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