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1.
Inflammopharmacology ; 32(1): 433-446, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37477795

RESUMO

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are synthetic molecules that have a range of biological effects, including antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory, and they may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties of LPSF/GQ-16, a TZD derivative, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SSc patients and in a murine model of SSc HOCl-induced. The PBMC of 20 SSc patients were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and treated with LPSF/GQ-16 for 48 h, later cytokines in the culture supernatants were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or cytometric bead array (CBA). Experimental SSc was induced by intradermal injections of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for 6 weeks. HOCl-induced SSc mice received daily treatment with LPSF/GQ-16 (30 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injections during the same period. Immunological parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA, and dermal and pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by RT-qPCR, hydroxyproline dosage and histopathological analysis. In PBMC cultures, it was possible to observe that LPSF/GQ-16 modulated the secretion of cytokines IL-2 (p < 0.001), IL-4 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-17A (p = 0.006), TNF (p < 0.001) and IFN-γ (p < 0.001). In addition, treatment with LPSF/GQ-16 in HOCl-induced SSc mice promoted a significant reduction in dermal thickening (p < 0.001), in the accumulation of collagen in the skin (p < 0.001), down-regulated the expression of fibrosis markers in the skin (Col1a1, α-Sma and Tgfß1, p < 0.001 for all) and lungs (Il4 and Il13, p < 0.001 for both), as well as reduced activation of CD4 + T cells (p < 0.001), B cells (p < 0.001) and M2 macrophages (p < 0.001). In conclusion, LPSF/GQ-16 showed immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this molecule for SSc.


Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Tiazolidinedionas , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Fibrose Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Fibrose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Ácido Hipocloroso , PPAR gama , Escleroderma Sistêmico/induzido quimicamente , Escleroderma Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Citocinas
2.
Reprod Sci ; 31(1): 260-266, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37700209

RESUMO

Endometriosis is a condition characterized by increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which can be treated with progestins and other progesterone receptor ligands. However, some patients are refractory to this treatment and the reason is uncertain. Here we investigated the effects of the selective progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate (UPA) on proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory cytokine production by endometriotic cells and endometrial cells from women with histologically proven endometriosis (n = 22) and endometriosis-free controls (n = 6). Epithelial and stromal cells were isolated and treated in triplicate for 24 h with 1 µM, 10 µM, or 100 µM UPA. Cells were tested for proliferation and ROS production, while cell supernatants were assayed for interleukin (IL)-6, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations. Proliferation, ROS production, and IL-6 and CCL2 secretion were increased in non-stimulated epithelial and stromal cells from endometriotic lesions compared to endometrial cells from endometriosis patients and controls. UPA induced a dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation only in endometriosis, while enhancing ROS production by all cell types evaluated. UPA reduced CCL2 production in controls but failed to do that in endometriosis, whereas TNF-α was undetectable. We conclude that treatment of endometriotic cells with UPA stimulated in vitro proliferation and ROS production and failed to revert the proinflammatory cytokine excess that characterized these cells, unravelling possible mechanisms of drug resistance in the treatment of endometriosis.


Assuntos
Endometriose , Norpregnadienos , Humanos , Feminino , Endometriose/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Células Estromais/metabolismo
3.
Biology (Basel) ; 12(5)2023 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37237461

RESUMO

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening systemic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) characterized by dysregulation of T and B cell activation and function, scleroderma-like features, and multi-organ pathology. The treatment of cGVHD is limited to the management of symptoms and long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy, which underscores the need for developing novel treatment approaches. Notably, there is a striking similarity between cytokines/chemokines responsible for multi-organ damage in cGVHD and pro-inflammatory factors, immune modulators, and growth factors secreted by senescent cells upon the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this pilot study, we questioned the involvement of senescent cell-derived factors in the pathogenesis of cGVHD triggered upon allogeneic transplantation in an irradiated host. Using a murine model that recapitulates sclerodermatous cGVHD, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a senolytic combination of dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) administered after 10 days of allogeneic transplantation and given every 7 days for 35 days. Treatment with DQ resulted in a significant improvement in several physical and tissue-specific features, such as alopecia and earlobe thickness, associated with cGVHD pathogenesis in allograft recipients. DQ also mitigated cGVHD-associated changes in the peripheral T cell pool and serum levels of SASP-like cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8Rα. Our results support the involvement of senescent cells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and provide a rationale for the use of DQ, a clinically approved senolytic approach, as a potential therapeutic strategy.

4.
Cell ; 186(3): 621-645.e33, 2023 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36736301

RESUMO

Inborn errors of human IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases, whereas inborn errors of IFN-α/ß-dependent intrinsic immunity underlie viral diseases. Both types of IFNs induce the transcription factor IRF1. We describe unrelated children with inherited complete IRF1 deficiency and early-onset, multiple, life-threatening diseases caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and related intramacrophagic pathogens. These children have no history of severe viral disease, despite exposure to many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which is life-threatening in individuals with impaired IFN-α/ß immunity. In leukocytes or fibroblasts stimulated in vitro, IRF1-dependent responses to IFN-γ are, both quantitatively and qualitatively, much stronger than those to IFN-α/ß. Moreover, IRF1-deficient mononuclear phagocytes do not control mycobacteria and related pathogens normally when stimulated with IFN-γ. By contrast, IFN-α/ß-dependent intrinsic immunity to nine viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, is almost normal in IRF1-deficient fibroblasts. Human IRF1 is essential for IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity to mycobacteria, but largely redundant for IFN-α/ß-dependent antiviral immunity.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Mycobacterium , Criança , Humanos , Interferon gama , SARS-CoV-2 , Interferon-alfa , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon
5.
Front Immunol ; 13: 917739, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36016953

RESUMO

Graft-versus Host Disease (GvHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. GvHD is characterized by the chronic activation of immune cells leading to the development of systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, fibrosis and eventually death. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a therapeutic agent under clinical trial for the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD). This therapy is admittedly rather safe although adverse effects can occur and may necessitate short interruptions of the treatment. The aim of this study was to combine ATO with a divalent cation, to generate a Fenton or Fenton-like reaction in order to potentiate the deletion of activated immune cells through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated effects of ATO in a mouse model, and thereby enabling the use of lower and safer ATO concentrations to treat patients with cGvHD. In vitro, among the various combinations of divalent cations tested, we observed that the combination of ATO and CuCl2 (copper chloride) induced a high level of oxidative stress in HL-60 and A20 cells. In addition, this co-treatment also decreased the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes during a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In vivo, in a cGvHD mouse model, daily injections of ATO 2.5 µg/g + CuCl2 0.5 µg/g induce a decrease in lymphocyte activation and fibrosis that was equivalent to that induced by ATO 5 µg/g. Our results show that the addition of CuCl2 improved the effects of ATO and significantly limited the development of the disease. This co-treatment could be a real benefit in human patients to substantially decrease the known ATO side effects and optimize ATO treatment in pathologies characterized by activated cells sensitive to an increase in oxidative stress.


Assuntos
Arsenicais , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Animais , Trióxido de Arsênio/farmacologia , Arsenicais/farmacologia , Arsenicais/uso terapêutico , Cátions , Fibrose , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Óxidos/farmacologia
6.
J Leukoc Biol ; 111(5): 1009-1020, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34533228

RESUMO

Trained immunity is a new concept illustrating that innate immune cells are able to undergo a long-term metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming after infection or vaccination, thus displaying either a pro- or an anti-inflammatory phenotype during a sequential unrelated challenge. Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages constitute a large part of the decidual leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface, playing an important role in placental development and as such in fetal growth and development. In this study, we hypothesized that training the innate immune cells before pregnancy could have an impact on pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we used CBA/J x DBA/2 mouse model to investigate pregnancy outcomes and leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. Although we were not able to show a beneficial effect of LPS-tolerogenic training on fetal resorption, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) training, known to prime innate immune cells to be proinflammatory, led to fetal growth restriction, without aggravating the fetal resorption rate. We also found that BCG training led to less NK cells and macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface at the early stage of placentation (E9.5), associated with a down-regulation of Ccr3 and Lif mRNA expression. This induced altered leucocyte population profile can be an explanation for the subsequent fetal growth restriction. These data suggest that preconceptional infections-induced trained immunity could influence pregnancy outcomes.


Assuntos
Vacina BCG , Mycobacterium bovis , Animais , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Reabsorção do Feto , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Placenta , Gravidez
7.
Front Immunol ; 12: 670776, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34413847

RESUMO

Despite significant therapeutic advances, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the main life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pathogenesis of GvHD is dominated by a dysregulated allogeneic immune response that drives fibrosis and autoimmunity in chronic forms. A multitude of cell therapy approaches, including infusion of myeloid cells, has been proposed to prevent GvHD through tolerance induction but yielded variable results. Myeloid cells like macrophages can be reprogrammed to develop adaptive-like features following antigenic challenge to reinforce or inhibit a subsequent immune response; a phenomenon termed 'trained immunity'. Here we report that, whereas LPSlow-trained macrophages elicit a suppressor effect on allogeneic T cell proliferation and function in vitro in an IL-10-dependent manner, Bacille Calmette et Guérin (BCG)-trained macrophages exert an opposite effect. In a murine model of sclerodermatous chronic GvHD, LPSlow-trained macrophages attenuate clinical signs of GvHD with significant effects on T cell phenotype and function, autoantibodies production, and tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, infusion of LPSlow-macrophages significantly improves survival in mice with acute GvHD. Importantly, we also provide evidence that LPSlow-macrophages do not accelerate A20-lymphoma tumor growth, which is significantly reduced upon transfer of BCG-macrophages. Collectively, these data indicate that macrophages can be trained to significantly inhibit in vitro and in vivo allo-reactive T cell proliferation without exhibiting pro-tumoral effect, thereby opening the way to promising clinical applications.


Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Carcinogênese , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Reprogramação Celular , Feminino , Tolerância Imunológica , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/transplante , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Transplante Homólogo
9.
Cell ; 184(14): 3812-3828.e30, 2021 07 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34214472

RESUMO

We study a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "tree-man" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts. The giant horns form an HPV-2-driven multifocal benign epithelial tumor overexpressing viral oncogenes in the epidermis basal layer. The patients are unexpectedly homozygous for a private CD28 variant. They have no detectable CD28 on their T cells, with the exception of a small contingent of revertant memory CD4+ T cells. T cell development is barely affected, and T cells respond to CD3 and CD2, but not CD28, costimulation. Although the patients do not display HPV-2- and HPV-4-reactive CD4+ T cells in vitro, they make antibodies specific for both viruses in vivo. CD28-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneous infections with the mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1. The control of HPV-2 and HPV-4 in keratinocytes is dependent on the T cell CD28 co-activation pathway. Surprisingly, human CD28-dependent T cell responses are largely redundant for protective immunity.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD28/deficiência , Padrões de Herança/genética , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Pele/virologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Antígenos CD28/genética , Antígenos CD28/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Criança , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Células HEK293 , Homozigoto , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral , Memória Imunológica , Células Jurkat , Queratinócitos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Oncogenes , Papiloma/patologia , Papiloma/virologia , Linhagem , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
10.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 80(12): 1594-1603, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34285051

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Innate lymphoid cells-2 (ILC2) were shown to be involved in the development of lung or hepatic fibrosis. We sought to explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of ILC2 in skin fibrosis within systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: Blood samples and skin biopsies from healthy donor or patients with SSc were analysed by immunostaining techniques. The fibrotic role of sorted ILC2 was studied in vitro on dermal fibroblast and further explored by transcriptomic approach. Finally, the efficacy of a new treatment against fibrosis was assessed with a mouse model of SSc. RESULTS: We found that ILC2 numbers were increased in the skin of patients with SSc and correlated with the extent of skin fibrosis. In SSc skin, KLRG1- ILC2 (natural ILC2) were dominating over KLRG1+ ILC2 (inflammatory ILC2). The cytokine transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß), whose activity is increased in SSc, favoured the expansion of KLRG1- ILC2 simultaneously decreasing their production of interleukin 10 (IL10), which regulates negatively collagen production by dermal fibroblasts. TGFß-stimulated ILC2 also increased myofibroblast differentiation. Thus, human KLRG1- ILC2 had an enhanced profibrotic activity. In a mouse model of SSc, therapeutic intervention-combining pirfenidone with the administration of IL10 was required to reduce the numbers of skin infiltrating ILC2, enhancing their expression of KLRG1 and strongly alleviating skin fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a novel role for natural ILC2 and highlight their inter-relationships with TGFß and IL10 in the development of skin fibrosis, thereby opening up new therapeutic approaches in SSc.


Assuntos
Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/imunologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Biópsia , Diferenciação Celular , Colágeno/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fibrose , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-10/farmacologia , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miofibroblastos/citologia , Piridonas/farmacologia , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Escleroderma Sistêmico/metabolismo , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologia , Pele/citologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos
11.
J Exp Med ; 218(4)2021 04 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33544838

RESUMO

Yellow fever virus (YFV) live attenuated vaccine can, in rare cases, cause life-threatening disease, typically in patients with no previous history of severe viral illness. Autosomal recessive (AR) complete IFNAR1 deficiency was reported in one 12-yr-old patient. Here, we studied seven other previously healthy patients aged 13 to 80 yr with unexplained life-threatening YFV vaccine-associated disease. One 13-yr-old patient had AR complete IFNAR2 deficiency. Three other patients vaccinated at the ages of 47, 57, and 64 yr had high titers of circulating auto-Abs against at least 14 of the 17 individual type I IFNs. These antibodies were recently shown to underlie at least 10% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. The auto-Abs were neutralizing in vitro, blocking the protective effect of IFN-α2 against YFV vaccine strains. AR IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 deficiency and neutralizing auto-Abs against type I IFNs thus accounted for more than half the cases of life-threatening YFV vaccine-associated disease studied here. Previously healthy subjects could be tested for both predispositions before anti-YFV vaccination.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Doenças Autoimunes , COVID-19 , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Interferon-alfa , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacina contra Febre Amarela , Vírus da Febre Amarela , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/imunologia , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/imunologia , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Interferon-alfa/genética , Interferon-alfa/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/deficiência , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/genética , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/imunologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Vírus da Febre Amarela/imunologia
12.
Haematologica ; 106(9): 2449-2457, 2021 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32817288

RESUMO

B-cell activating factor may be involved in the failure of B-cell depleting therapy with rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by promoting the emergence of splenic long-lived plasma cells. From results obtained in mouse models, we hypothesized that combining rituximab with sequential injections of belimumab could increase the rate of response at one year in patients with persistent or chronic ITP by preventing the emergence of these long-lived plasma cells. The study was a single-center, single arm, prospective phase 2b trial (RITUX-PLUS, NCT03154385) investigating the safety and efficacy of rituximab given at a fixed dose of 1,000 mg, two weeks apart, combined with five infusions of belimumab, 10 mg/kg at week 0 (W0)+2 days, W2+2 days, W4, W8 and W12 for adults with primary persistent or chronic ITP. The primary endpoint was the total number of patients achieving an overall response (complete response + response) at W52 according to a standard definition. In total, 15 non-splenectomized adults, nine (60%) with persistent IPT and six (40%) with chronic ITP, were included. No severe adverse event, infection, or severe hypogammaglobulinemia was observed. Thirteen patients achieved an initial overall response. At W52, 12 (80%) patients achieved an overall response, including ten (66.7%) with complete response. When compared with a cohort of patients receiving rituximab alone, the kinetics of B-cell repopulation appeared similar, but the number of circulating T follicular helper cells was significantly decreased with belimumab combination therapy. Combining rituximab and belimumab seems a promising strategy in ITP, with high efficacy and acceptable safety.


Assuntos
Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Humanos , Camundongos , Estudos Prospectivos , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Cell ; 183(7): 1826-1847.e31, 2020 12 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33296702

RESUMO

Inborn errors of human interferon gamma (IFN-γ) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report a patient with mycobacterial disease due to inherited deficiency of the transcription factor T-bet. The patient has extremely low counts of circulating Mycobacterium-reactive natural killer (NK), invariant NKT (iNKT), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and Vδ2+ γδ T lymphocytes, and of Mycobacterium-non reactive classic TH1 lymphocytes, with the residual populations of these cells also producing abnormally small amounts of IFN-γ. Other lymphocyte subsets develop normally but produce low levels of IFN-γ, with the exception of CD8+ αß T and non-classic CD4+ αß TH1∗ lymphocytes, which produce IFN-γ normally in response to mycobacterial antigens. Human T-bet deficiency thus underlies mycobacterial disease by preventing the development of innate (NK) and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes (iNKT, MAIT, and Vδ2+ γδ T cells) and IFN-γ production by them, with mycobacterium-specific, IFN-γ-producing, purely adaptive CD8+ αß T, and CD4+ αß TH1∗ cells unable to compensate for this deficit.


Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/imunologia , Mycobacterium/imunologia , Proteínas com Domínio T/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem da Célula , Pré-Escolar , Cromatina/metabolismo , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Homozigoto , Humanos , Mutação INDEL/genética , Lactente , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Mutação com Perda de Função/genética , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/imunologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Linhagem , Proteínas com Domínio T/química , Proteínas com Domínio T/deficiência , Proteínas com Domínio T/genética , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Transcriptoma/genética
14.
Cell Rep ; 33(5): 108325, 2020 11 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33147452

RESUMO

Endometriosis is a frequent, chronic, inflammatory gynecological disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue causing pain and infertility. Macrophages have a central role in lesion establishment and maintenance by driving chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Macrophages can be reprogrammed to acquire memory-like characteristics after antigenic challenge to reinforce or inhibit a subsequent immune response, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity." Here, whereas bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) training enhances the lesion growth in a mice model of endometriosis, tolerization with repeated low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPSlow) or adoptive transfer of LPSlow-tolerized macrophages elicits a suppressor effect. LPSlow-tolerized human macrophages mitigate the fibro-inflammatory phenotype of endometriotic cells in an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent manner. A history of severe Gram-negative infection is associated with reduced infertility duration and alleviated symptoms, in contrast to patients with Gram-positive infection history. Thus, the manipulation of innate immune memory may be effective in dampening hyper-inflammatory conditions, opening the way to promising therapeutic approaches.


Assuntos
Endometriose/imunologia , Endometriose/patologia , Memória Imunológica , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva , Animais , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/biossíntese , Endometriose/microbiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/complicações , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos , Fenótipo
16.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 178: 114103, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32562787

RESUMO

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (also termed Jakinibs) constitute a family of small drugs that target various isoforms of JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and/or tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2)). They exert anti-inflammatory properties linked, in part, to the modulation of the activation state of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. The exact impact of JAK inhibitors on a wider spectrum of activation states of macrophages is however still to be determined, especially in the context of disorders involving concomitant activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and profibrotic M2 macrophages. This is especially the case in autoimmune pulmonary fibrosis like scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), in which M1 and M2 macrophages play a key pathogenic role. In this study, we directly compared the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of three JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib (JAK2/1 inhibitor); tofacitinib (JAK3/2 inhibitor) and itacitinib (JAK1 inhibitor)) on five different activation states of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). These three JAK inhibitors exert anti-inflammatory properties towards macrophages, as demonstrated by the down-expression of key polarization markers (CD86, MHCII, TLR4) and the limited secretion of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL10, IL-6 and TNFα) in M1 macrophages activated by IFNγ and LPS or by IFNγ alone. We also highlighted that these JAK inhibitors can limit M2a activation of macrophages induced by IL-4 and IL-13, as notably demonstrated by the down-regulation of the M2a associated surface marker CD206 and of the secretion of CCL18. Moreover, these JAK inhibitors reduced the expression of markers such as CXCL13, MARCO and SOCS3 in alternatively activated macrophages induced by IL-10 and dexamethasone (M2c + dex) or IL-10 alone (M2c MDM). For all polarization states, Jakinibs with inhibitory properties over JAK2 had the highest effects, at both 1 µM or 0.1 µM. Based on these in vitro results, we also explored the effects of JAK2/1 inhibition by ruxolitinib in vivo, on mouse macrophages in a model of HOCl-induced ILD, that mimics scleroderma-associated ILD. In this model, we showed that ruxolitinib significantly prevented the upregulation of pro-inflammatory M1 markers (TNFα, CXCL10, NOS2) and pro-fibrotic M2 markers (Arg1 and Chi3L3). These results were associated with an improvement of skin and pulmonary involvement. Overall, our results suggest that the combined anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties of JAK2/1 inhibitors could be relevant to target lung macrophages in autoimmune and inflammatory pulmonary disorders that have no efficient disease modifying drugs to date.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Quimiocina CXCL13/genética , Quimiocina CXCL13/imunologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Ácido Hipocloroso/administração & dosagem , Janus Quinase 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 1/genética , Janus Quinase 1/imunologia , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Janus Quinase 2/imunologia , Janus Quinase 3/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 3/genética , Janus Quinase 3/imunologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/patologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/imunologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nitrilas , Cultura Primária de Células , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/induzido quimicamente , Escleroderma Sistêmico/imunologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologia , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas/genética , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas/imunologia
17.
Front Immunol ; 11: 840, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32457756

RESUMO

Children with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from recurrent respiratory infections, which represent the leading cause of mortality during childhood. This susceptibility to infections is usually considered multifactorial and related to both impaired immune function and non-immunological factors. Infections are also one of the top causes of death in DS at adulthood. DS is considered an immunodeficiency with syndromic features by some researchers because of this high rate of infection and the immunological characteristics observed in children with DS. Little is known about the immune status of adult patients. Herein, we report the clinical and immune phenotype of 44 adults with DS, correlated with their infectious history. We observed that these adults had an aberrant lymphocyte phenotype with decreased naïve/memory T cell ratios and reduced numbers of switched memory B cells. The lower incidence of infectious events at adulthood distinguish DS from other inborn errors of immunity. Primary immunodeficiency-related features in DS could explain the increased risk of developing autoimmunity, malignancies, and infections. During adulthood, this immune dysfunction may be compensated for in mid-life, and infection-related mortality observed in older patients might be favored by multiple factors such as neurological impairment or nosocomial antigen exposure. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01663675 (August 13, 2012).


Assuntos
Linfócitos B/citologia , Síndrome de Down/imunologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Infecções/imunologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Síndrome de Down/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Memória Imunológica , Infecções/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Adulto Jovem
18.
J Exp Med ; 217(6)2020 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32207811

RESUMO

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is typically caused by dominant-negative (DN) STAT3 mutations. Patients suffer from cold staphylococcal lesions and mucocutaneous candidiasis, severe allergy, and skeletal abnormalities. We report 12 patients from 8 unrelated kindreds with AD-HIES due to DN IL6ST mutations. We identified seven different truncating mutations, one of which was recurrent. The mutant alleles encode GP130 receptors bearing the transmembrane domain but lacking both the recycling motif and all four STAT3-recruiting tyrosine residues. Upon overexpression, the mutant proteins accumulate at the cell surface and are loss of function and DN for cellular responses to IL-6, IL-11, LIF, and OSM. Moreover, the patients' heterozygous leukocytes and fibroblasts respond poorly to IL-6 and IL-11. Consistently, patients with STAT3 and IL6ST mutations display infectious and allergic manifestations of IL-6R deficiency, and some of the skeletal abnormalities of IL-11R deficiency. DN STAT3 and IL6ST mutations thus appear to underlie clinical phenocopies through impairment of the IL-6 and IL-11 response pathways.


Assuntos
Receptor gp130 de Citocina/genética , Genes Dominantes , Síndrome de Job/genética , Mutação/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/deficiência , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Genética Populacional , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Síndrome de Job/sangue , Síndrome de Job/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Job/imunologia , Cinética , Mutação com Perda de Função/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Células Th2/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Adulto Jovem
19.
Reprod Sci ; 27(1): 211-217, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32046390

RESUMO

Endometriosis is a chronic hormono-dependent inflammatory gynecological disease. Endometriosis can be subdivided into three forms: superficial peritoneal implants, endometrioma, and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Inflammation is a typical feature of endometriosis with overproduction of prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator which belongs to the group of cytokines that actively participate in inflammatory reactions. GM-CSF autoantibodies (Ab) are described in inflammatory diseases such as Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis where high concentrations of anti-GM-CSF Ab are correlated with severity, complications, and relapses. We have evaluated the presence of anti-GM-CSF Ab in the serum of 106 patients with endometriosis and 92 controls using a home-made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlated the results with the form and severity of the disease. We found that anti-GM-CSF Ab level is significantly increased in the sera of patients with endometriosis compared to controls and is associated with the severity of the disease especially in patients with deep endometriosis (p < 0.0001) with the highest number of lesions (p = 0.0034), including digestive involvement (p = 0.0041). We also found a correlation between these levels of anti-GM-CSF Ab and the number of lesions in DIE patients (r = 0.913). In this way, searching anti-GM-CSF Ab in endometriosis patient sera could be of value for patient follow-up and put further insight into the role of inflammation and of GM-CSF in endometriosis pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Endometriose/imunologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/imunologia , Doenças Peritoneais/imunologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endometriose/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Peritoneais/sangue
20.
Clin Infect Dis ; 71(8): e301-e307, 2020 11 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31794975

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: International guidelines recommend vaccinating allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients at 3 months after transplant, giving 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) followed by either a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PSV23) or a fourth PCV dose in the case of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, the long-term immunity after this regimen is unknown, and there is no recommendation from 24 months after transplant regarding boosts. Our objective was to assess the antipneumococcal antibody titers and seroprotection rates of allogeneic HCT recipients years after different schedules of vaccination. METHODS: We assessed 100 adult HCT recipients a median of 9.3 years (range: 1.7-40) after transplant. All patients had received at least one dose of PCV and were assessed for antipneumococcal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against the 7 serotypes shared by PCV7, PCV13, and PSV23. Sixty-six percent of the patients had been vaccinated according to the current guidelines. RESULTS: Considering an IgG titer ≥ 0.35 µg/mL as protective for each serotype, the seroprotection rate was 50% for 7/7 serotypes and 70% for 5/7 serotypes, with no differences between the different vaccination schedules. The lack of seroprotection was associated with a transplant performed not in complete remission or from a cord-blood unit, a relapse after transplant, or chronic GvHD at assessment. CONCLUSION: Because only half of the vaccinated patients had long-term protection, pending prospective studies defining the best boost program after the initial one, we recommend the assessment of specific IgG titers starting from 24 months to decide for further doses.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Infecções Pneumocócicas , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Humanos , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas , Estudos Prospectivos , Transplantados , Vacinação , Vacinas Conjugadas
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