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1.
Georgian Med News ; (295): 109-114, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31804210

RESUMO

Georgia is a country with high prevalence of hepatitis B. Based on a 2015 population serosurvey, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is 2.9% and prevalence of anti-HBc is 25.5% in general population. Hepatitis B vaccine has been included in the national immunization schedule of Georgia only since 2002. Thus, most reproductive aged women were not vaccinated during young childhood. Cross-sectional study was conducted in the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi. Reproductive aged women were randomly selected and then recruited from three maternity care centers during prenatal care. The self-administered questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic information, hepatitis B vaccination status and awareness of HBV infection status. A total of 2185 reproductive aged women were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 28.5 (age range 17-46) years. Most (76.4%) had a bachelor and/or master's degree. 20.0% of respondents never heard about HBV. Very few (3.3%) knew they were infected with HBV. We could not determine if women were chronically infected or were exposed and developed antibodies. HBV knowledge was limited: 57.5% were not aware of available HBV treatment; 51.6% didn't know HBV infection could be prevented (35.8% named HBV vaccination, 29.3% named condom use). Only 10% of study participants reported being vaccinated for HBV. Awareness of HBV infection was higher among women over age 25 (72.1%) compared to women aged 25 years or less (27.9%) (P<0.0001). Among women who reported having an HBV infection, 40.6% did not name vaccine as a prevention method and 38.2% did not have information about availability of HBV treatment (P<0.05). Based on our study results, knowledge about HBV infection and vaccination is very low among reproductive aged women in Georgia. Women's health centers can be a good place to reach reproductive aged women for counseling on HBV infection and promote vaccination against hepatitis B.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Vacinação , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , República da Geórgia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
2.
Georgian Med News ; (278): 158-162, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29905563

RESUMO

Aim - mostly, gamma oscillations are studied in interface-type chambers. The purpose of the presented investigation is to describe the characteristics of gamma oscillations induced in submerged chambers by kainite pressure ejection. Horizontal combined entorhynal-hippocampal slices 300-350 µm were prepared from young mice (P18-28). Gamma oscillations were induced by 1 mM kainite pressure ejection at the boundary of stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of area CA1. Field potential recordings were registered from the vicinity of kainite application. Induced CA1 local field potential (LFP) oscillations were brief (7.55±3.77 sec.) and had heterogeneous nature; they could be divided into three epochs: well developed initial part of oscillation, middle part with reduced gamma power and last part of the rhythm with sporadic immergence of sparse (3 to 5) gamma cycles. Generally, initial parts of oscillations had higher amplitude and frequency than the middle part of it. Induction of consecutive gamma oscillations did not depend on the duration of the time intervals between oscillations. Their amplitude was affected by the order of induction but not by time intervals between oscillations. Neither the frequency was affected by the order of induced activities in the same slice. However, comparatively lower frequency oscillations were recorded after long time intervals between gamma activities. Induction of CA1 gamma oscillations in submerged conditions will offer significant experimental advantage, like using patch-clamp techniques to study the mechanism of this activity.


Assuntos
Região CA1 Hipocampal/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Ritmo Gama/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Caínico/farmacologia , Córtex Olfatório/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Ácido Caínico/agonistas , Animais , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Região CA1 Hipocampal/fisiologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/química , Cultura em Câmaras de Difusão , Ritmo Gama/fisiologia , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microtomia , Córtex Olfatório/fisiologia , Receptores de Ácido Caínico/metabolismo , Reologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos
3.
Georgian Med News ; (170): 75-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19556647

RESUMO

Nonaccommodating perisomatic basket cells had been suggested to structure gamma oscillations. Here we used simultaneous whole-cell patch clamp recordings within 150 microm of CA1 stratum pyramidale and extracellular population activity measurements in CA1 stratum radiatum of the mice hippocampal slices to show that though nonaccommodating perisomatic interneurons and trilaminar cells convey information through the same frequency of action potentials during the kainate micropressure ejection induced gamma oscillations, inhibitory inputs received by soma and proximal dendrites of pyramidal cells differ with pi radian in time. Perisomatic interneurons discharge action potentials (APs) at the positive peak of the field gamma waves, whereas trilaminar cells fire at the trough. Timing of excitatory currents in each type of interneurons coincides corresponding APs discharge time during the active network. Perisomatic interneurons receive gamma-modulated very high frequency EPSCs, while trilaminar cells receive only gamma frequency excitatory inputs. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents lag the action potentials in both cases with pi/2 intervals. Trilaminar cells APs discharge is firmly phase locked to the trough of the field gamma waves, while nonaccomodating perisomatic interneurons spike firing rotates "counter-clockwise" during the oscillations. Apical dendrite inhibition through trilaminar cells seem to play similarly important role as do nonaccommodating perisomatic cells in the formation of 30-80 Hz oscillations. In this study we showed the posibility of existence of different active events during the gamma oscillations in two strata of CA1 that are produced by the discharge of perisomatic inhibitory interneurons in the stratum pyramidale and trilaminar cells activity in the stratum radiatum after the time intervals.


Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Interneurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Interneurônios/fisiologia , Ácido Caínico/farmacologia , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos
4.
Georgian Med News ; (167): 63-8, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19276474

RESUMO

Oscillations (30-100 Hz) are correlated with the cognitive functions of the brain. In the hippocampus interactions between perisomatic and trilaminar interneurons with pyramidal cells are thought to underlie generation of field gamma oscillations. In area CA3 OLM interneurons receive synaptic input in gamma range but generate action potential (AP) output in theta band and are involved in theta oscillations synchronized along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. In slice preparations of CA3 area the spike timing of OLM cells could be modulated by carbachole induced gamma oscillations, although their firing rates are limited to theta frequency. Normally, OLM interneurons are somatostatin positive cells. In this study we tested whether parvalbumin (PV) containing OLM interneurons in area CA1 limit AP output during kainate pressure ejection also to theta frequency. We used focal short applications of kainate in area CA1 to induce filed gamma oscillations with an average frequency of about 44.7+/-4.4 Hz. The duration of field gamma was on average 8.9+/-3.5 s. During such oscillations CA1 PV positive OLM interneurons of mice hippocampus received excitatory synaptic input at gamma frequency. Moreover, their AP output was in gamma range as well. Thus, we show that beside the somatostatin containing OLM interneurons, which generate theta rhythm there are PV containing OLM cells, which could synchronize the distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells to the field gamma oscillations.


Assuntos
Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Interneurônios/citologia , Interneurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Caínico/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Eletrofisiologia , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/administração & dosagem , Ácido Caínico/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Neurológicos , Parvalbuminas/farmacologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Pressão , Subunidades Proteicas , Ritmo Teta/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Georgian Med News ; (167): 77-81, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19276477

RESUMO

The aim of the study was the detection of the peculiarities of the changes in brain and heart, developed by the cholestasis after ischemia (due to the temporary liver exclusion from the bloodstream) and post-ischemic restoration of bloodstream. The experimental study was carried out on 12 mature rats (weight 150-200 g). After the creation of 5 day cholestasis pattern, the exploration and clamping of the hepato-duodenal ligament was done for 10 minutes. After the 15 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours of the clamp withdrawal from the portal complex, the pieces of the heart and the brain were investigated. The aether narcosis was applied for the anaesthesia purpose. The changes peculiar to the brain damage (perivascular and pericellular swelling, proliferation of glia and neurophagia) were observed shortly after the removal of the ischemia. The mentioned changes were dramatic after 24-48 hours of experimentation. The study suggests that the dramatic changes were developed in the brain and cardiac tissues after 15 min. of the experimentation. Mentioned changes are dismetabolic processes and they continuing in the later terms, including the 48 hours later of the experimentation.


Assuntos
Edema Encefálico/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Colestase Intra-Hepática/fisiopatologia , Colestase Intra-Hepática/cirurgia , Fígado , Miocárdio/patologia , Animais , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Fígado/cirurgia , Ratos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
J Neurophysiol ; 91(5): 2090-100, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15069099

RESUMO

Vestibulospinal reflexes play an important role for body stabilization during locomotion and for postural control. For an appropriate distribution of vestibular signals to spinal motoneurons, the orientation of the body relative to the head needs to be taken into account. For different trunk positions, identical vestibular stimuli must activate different sets of muscles to ensure body stabilization. Because the cerebellar vermis and the underlying fastigial nucleus (FN) might be involved in this task, vestibular neurons in the rostral FN of alert rhesus monkeys were recorded during sinusoidal vestibular stimulation (0.1-1.0 Hz) in the roll and pitch planes at different trunk-re-head positions (center and +/-45 degrees ). From the sensitivity and phase values measured in these planes, the response properties in the intermediate planes and the stimulus orientation eliciting the optimal response [response vector orientation (RVO)] were calculated. In most neurons, the RVOs rotated systematically with respect to the head, when trunk-re-head position was altered, so that they tended to maintain their orientation with respect to the trunk. Sensitivity and phase at the RVO were not affected. This pattern was the same for neurons in the right and left FN and independent of stimulus frequency. The average sensitivity of this partially compensatory RVO shift in response to trunk-re-head displacements, evaluated by linear regression analyses, was 0.59 degrees / degrees (n = 73 neurons). These data show that FN neurons may encode vestibular information in a coordinate system that is closer to a trunk-centered than to a head-centered reference frame. They indicate an important role of this nucleus in motor programs related to posture and gait control.


Assuntos
Núcleos Cerebelares/citologia , Núcleos Cerebelares/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Tórax/fisiologia , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/fisiologia , Animais , Estimulação Elétrica , Eletrodos Implantados , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Movimentos da Cabeça/fisiologia , Macaca mulatta , Pescoço/fisiologia , Orientação/fisiologia , Estimulação Física , Rotação
7.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1004: 241-51, 2003 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14662463

RESUMO

The rostral fastigial nucleus contains vestibular neurons, which presumably are involved in spinal mechanisms (neck, gait, posture) and which are not modulated with individual eye movements. Single-unit recordings in the alert behaving monkey during natural stimulus conditions reveal that virtually all neurons demonstrate integration of several sensory inputs. This applies not only for canal-canal and canal-otolith interaction, but also for otolith-otolith interaction. There is also some evidence that most neurons receive not only an utriculus but also a sacculus input. Furthermore, most neurons also respond to large-field optokinetic stimulation, reflecting visual-vestibular interaction. Neurons are also affected by the head on trunk position, which would allow these neurons to operate in a body-centered rather than a head-centered reference frame. These complex, multisensory features could permit fastigial nucleus neurons to rather specifically affect spinal motor functions.


Assuntos
Núcleos Cerebelares/fisiologia , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Núcleos Vestibulares/fisiologia , Animais , Movimentos da Cabeça/fisiologia , Macaca , Membrana dos Otólitos/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Reflexo Vestíbulo-Ocular/fisiologia , Rotação , Canais Semicirculares/fisiologia
8.
Neoplasma ; 24(3): 341-3, 1977.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-895943

RESUMO

Lectins from Ricinus communis seeds (RCL) have been resolved into three electrophoretically distinct fractions (alpha-RCL, beta-RCL, psi-RCL) by ion exchange chromatography on Watman CM-32 cellulose. The toxicity to mice and antitumor activity against murine lymphoma NK/Ly of pure fractions were compared. Optimal effect was achieved with alpha-RCL, Which possessed the lowest toxicity (1000 micron g/kg) and significant antitumor activity (63% inhibition of tumor growth).


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Lectinas/uso terapêutico , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Lectinas/administração & dosagem , Lectinas/toxicidade , Linfoma/patologia , Camundongos , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Lectinas de Plantas , Sementes , Baço/patologia
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