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1.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 29(1): 543-552, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34331646

RESUMO

There is a rising concern that air pollution plays an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results were not consistent on the association between air pollution and the spread of COVID-19. In the study, air pollution data and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 were both gathered from five severe cities across three countries in South America. Daily real-time population regeneration (Rt) was calculated to assess the spread of COVID-19. Two frequently used models, generalized additive models (GAM) and multiple linear regression, were both used to explore the impact of environmental pollutants on the epidemic. Wide ranges of all six air pollutants were detected across the five cities. Spearman's correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation within six pollutants. Rt value showed a gradual decline in all the five cities. Further analysis showed that the association between air pollution and COVID-19 varied across five cities. According to our research results, even for the same region, varied models gave inconsistent results. For example, in Sao Paulo, both models show SO2 and O3 are significant independent variables, however, the GAM model shows that PM10 has a nonlinear negative correlation with Rt, while PM10 has no significant correlation in the multiple linear model. Moreover, in the case of multiple regions, currently used models should be selected according to local conditions. Our results indicate that there is a significant relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 infection, which will help states, health practitioners, and policy makers in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in South America.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , COVID-19 , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Brasil , Cidades , Humanos , Pandemias , Material Particulado/análise , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Sci Total Environ ; 744: 140881, 2020 Nov 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32674022

RESUMO

The role of meteorological factors in the transmission of the COVID-19 still needs to be determined. In this study, the daily new cases of the eight severely affected regions in four countries of South America and their corresponding meteorological data (average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average wind speed, visibility, absolute humidity) were collected. Daily number of confirmed and incubative cases, as well as time-dependent reproductive number (Rt) was calculated to indicate the transmission of the diseases in the population. Spearman's correlation coefficients were assessed to show the correlation between meteorological factors and daily confirmed cases, daily incubative cases, as well as Rt. In particular, the results showed that there was a highly significant correlation between daily incubative cases and absolute humidity throughout the selected regions. Multiple linear regression model further confirmed the negative correlation between absolute humidity and incubative cases. The absolute humidity is predicted to show a decreasing trend in the coming months from the meteorological data of recent three years. Our results suggest the necessity of continuous controlling policy in these areas and some other complementary strategies to mitigate the contagious rate of the COVID-19.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , COVID-19 , Humanos , Umidade , Conceitos Meteorológicos , SARS-CoV-2 , América do Sul , Temperatura
3.
Int Braz J Urol ; 40(2): 204-11, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24856487

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tubeless PCNL has been utilized to shorten hospital stay and improve patient postoperative pain control. Prior studies have excluded those patients with significant bleeding or other complications. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of tubeless PCNL in all patients irrespective of intraoperative outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of patients who underwent PCNL at our institute was performed. Patients were assigned to one endourologist Who routinely performed tubeless PCNL and to a second endourologist who routinely left a small-bore pigtail nephrostomy. Preoperative demographics operative and postoperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Out of 159 patients included, 83 patients had tubeless PCNL while 76 patients had standard PCNL. There was no difference between groups regarding age, gender, ASA score, number, maximum diameter of stones, number of calyces involved, Stone density (HU), laterality and use of preoperative narcotics. While staghorn stones were more common in patients who underwent standard PCNL (p = 0.008). Tubeless patients had less number of access tracts (p ≤ 0.001), shorter hospital stay (1.7 vs. 3.0 days, p = 0.001) when compared to standard PCNL group. Multivariable analysis controlling for confounding factors including staghorn calculi and number of accesses confirmed that tubeless PCNL was associated with shorter hospital stay and less postoperative pain. There was no significant difference in complication rates between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our report confirms the previous reports of shorter hospital stay, less pain and analgesia as compared to standard PCNL, and establishes its safety irrespective of bleeding, perforation, extravasation or other intraoperative issues that have previously been utilized as exclusionary criteria for this approach.


Assuntos
Complicações Intraoperatórias , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Nefrostomia Percutânea/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 40(2): 204-211, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-711694

RESUMO

IntroductionTubeless PCNL has been utilized to shorten hospital stay and improve patient postoperative pain control. Prior studies have excluded those patients with significant bleeding or other complications. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of tubeless PCNL in all patients irrespective of intraoperative outcome.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of the charts of patients who underwent PCNL at our institute was performed. Patients were assigned to one endourologist who routinely performed tubeless PCNL and to a second endourologist who routinely left a small-bore pigtail nephrostomy. Preoperative demographics operative and postoperative outcomes were compared.ResultsOut of 159 patients included, 83 patients had tubeless PCNL while 76 patients had standard PCNL. There was no difference between groups regarding age, gender, ASA score, number, maximum diameter of stones, number of calyces involved, stone density (HU), laterality and use of preoperative narcotics. While staghorn stones were more common in patients who underwent standard PCNL (p = 0.008). Tubeless patients had less number of access tracts (p ≤ 0.001), shorter hospital stay (1.7 vs. 3.0 days, p = 0.001) when compared to standard PCNL group. Multivariable analysis controlling for confounding factors including staghorn calculi and number of accesses confirmed that tubeless PCNL was associated with shorter hospital stay and less postoperative pain. There was no significant difference in complication rates between the two groups.ConclusionOur report confirms the previous reports of shorter hospital stay, less pain and analgesia as compared to standard PCNL, and establishes its safety irrespective of bleeding, perforation, extravasation or other intraoperative issues that have previously been utilized as exclusionary criteria for this approach.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise Multivariada , Nefrostomia Percutânea/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
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