Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic profile of dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease, treated at a private service of cardiology and respiratory diseases / Perfil clínico, eletrocardiográfico e ecocardiográfico de cães com doença crônica degenerativa da valva mitral, atendidos em serviço particular de cardiologia e doenças respiratórias

Chronic degenerative mitral valve disease is the most common acquired heart disease and the main cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) in middle-aged to elderly dogs, being more frequent in small and miniature breeds, being rare in breeds of medium to large size. This disease is characterized by nodular deformity of the valve leaflets, as well as thickening and, in some cases, distension of the chordae tendineae. Echocardiographic findings include cardiomegaly, thickening of the atrioventricular valves, valve insufficiency and myocardial dysfunction, which, in turn, become more common with the progression of the disease. According to the consensus of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, endocardiosis can be classified into stages, according to its clinical evolution. The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic profile of dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease in a cardiology service between the years 2017 to 2022. The selected animals were those whose diagnoses involved valve alteration with association with echocardiographic evaluation. The data obtained were compiled in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets and evaluated using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation using the BioEstat® software. Through the observations and results obtained, it was possible to relate that the hypothesis of the correlation between the severity of clinical signs and the exacerbation of the structural alteration of the heart valves may be indicators of a worse prognosis for the evolution of chronic degenerative mitral valve disease.

A doença valvar degenerativa crônica de mitral (DVDCM) é a cardiopatia adquirida mais comum e principal causa de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) em cães de meia idade a idosos, sendo mais frequente em raças de pequeno porte e miniaturas, sendo rara nas raças de médio a grande porte. Essa doença é caracterizada pela deformidade nodular dos folhetos valvulares, assim como espessamento e, em alguns casos, distensão das cordas tendíneas. Os achados ecocardiográficos incluem cardiomegalia, espessamento das válvulas atrioventriculares, insuficiência valvar e disfunção miocárdica que, por sua vez, tornam-se mais comuns com a progressão da doença. De acordo com o consenso do American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, a endocardiose pode ser classificada em estágios, de acordo com a sua evolução clínica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o perfil clínico, eletrocardiográfico, radiográfico e ecocardiográfico de cães portadores de doença valvar degenerativa crônica de mitral em um serviço de cardiologia entre os anos de 2017 a 2022. Os animais selecionados foram aqueles cujos diagnósticos envolveram alteração valvar com associação a avaliação ecocardiográfica. Os dados obtidos foram compilados em planilhas do programa Microsoft Excel® e avaliados por meio de estatística descritiva e correlação de Pearson utilizando o software BioEstat®. Por meio das observações e resultados obtidos, possibilitou-se relacionar que a hipótese da correlação entre gravidade dos sinais clínicos com a exacerbação da alteração estrutural das valvas cardíacas podem ser indicadores de prognóstico pior para a evolução da doença valvar degenerativa crônica de mitral.

Alterações morfológicas de pele de camundongos inoculados com o veneno total da serpente Philodryas nattereri / Morphological alterations in mice skins inoculated with the total snake venom of Philodryas nattereri / Las alteraciones morfológicas en la piel de ratones causadas por el veneno de la serpiente Philodryas nattereri

Venenos de serpentes são compostos por substâncias ativas complexas, sendo a maioria delas de natureza proteica, causando diversos efeitos no ser humano e animais domésticos podendo levar ao óbito. Philodryas nattereri é uma serpente nativa da região do Ceará, sendo encontrada em todo o estado. Esse estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as alterações morfofisiológicas de pele de camundongos após inoculação com o veneno total desta serpente. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos que receberam concentrações de 40µg/mL e 20 µg/mL respectivamente, inoculados via subcutânea, além de um terceiro grupo que recebeu via intradérmica 40µg/mL do veneno. Os resultados macroscópicos apresentaram a presença de uma crosta na região inoculada, bem como a presença de hemorragia, tal atividade foi confirmada por achado histopatológico. Microscopicamente, todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram infiltrado inflamatório linfoblástico e de polimorfonucleares, hemorragia, edema, e presença de fibrose. O veneno da serpente Philodryas nattereri alterou a arquitetura normal do tegumento. Nossos resultados corroboraram em demonstrar tais alterações, uma vez que esta substância tóxica de origem animal, presente na nossa biodiversidade nordestina apresenta poucos dados na literatura, sendo desta forma, uma importante ferramenta para estudos das alterações morfofisiológicas de pele.(AU)

Snake venoms are composed of complex active substances, most of them of protein nature, causing various effects on humans and domestic animals and can lead to death. Philodryas nattereri is a native snake Ceara region, found throughout the state. This study aimed to know the morphological and physiological changes in mouse skin after inoculation with the total venom this serpente. The animals were divided into two groups that received concentrations of 40µg/mL and 20µg/mL respectively, inoculated subcutaneously, and a third group that received intradermal 40µg/mL of the venom. The macroscopic results showed the presence of a crust in the inoculated area, and the presence of bleeding, this activity was confirmed by histopathological analysis. Microscopically, all experimental groups had lymphoblastic and polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltration, hemorrhage, edema, and fibrosis. The venom of the snake Philodryas nattereri altered the normal integument architecture. Our results corroborate to demonstrate such changes, since this toxic substance of animal origin present in our Northeast biodiversity presents few literature data, thereby being an important tool for the study of morphological and physiological changes in the skin.(AU)

Los venenos de serpientes se componen de sustancias activas complejas, la mayoría de ellos de naturaleza proteica, provocando diversos efectos sobre los seres humanos y en los animales domésticos pueden llevar a la muerte. Philodryas nattereri es una serpiente nativa de la región de Ceará, que se encuentra en todo el estado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos en la piel de ratones después de la inoculación con todo el veneno de esta serpiente. Los animales fueron divididos en dos grupos que recibieron las concentraciones de 40µg/mL y 20µg /mL, respectivamente, por vía subcutánea inoculado, y un tercer grupo recibieron intradérmica 40µg/mL veneno. Los resultados macroscópicos mostraron la presencia de una costra en el área inoculada, y la presencia de sangrado, esta actividad se confirmó por análisis histopatológica. Microscópicamente, todos los grupos experimentales tuvieron infiltración linfoblástica y polimorfonucleares inflamatoria, hemorragia, edema y fibrosis. El veneno de la serpiente Philodryas nattereri altera la arquitectura normal del tegumento. Nuestros resultados corroboran para demostrar tales cambios, ya que esta sustancia tóxica de origen animal presente en nuestra biodiversidad Northeast presenta pocos datos de la literatura, siendo por lo tanto una herramienta importante para el estudio de los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos en la piel.(AU)

Alterações morfológicas de pele de camundongos inoculados com o veneno total da serpente Philodryas nattereri / Morphological alterations in mice skins inoculated with the total snake venom of Philodryas nattereri / Las alteraciones morfológicas en la piel de ratones causadas por el veneno de la serpiente Philodryas nattereri

Venenos de serpentes são compostos por substâncias ativas complexas, sendo a maioria delas de natureza proteica, causando diversos efeitos no ser humano e animais domésticos podendo levar ao óbito. Philodryas nattereri é uma serpente nativa da região do Ceará, sendo encontrada em todo o estado. Esse estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as alterações morfofisiológicas de pele de camundongos após inoculação com o veneno total desta serpente. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos que receberam concentrações de 40µg/mL e 20 µg/mL respectivamente, inoculados via subcutânea, além de um terceiro grupo que recebeu via intradérmica 40µg/mL do veneno. Os resultados macroscópicos apresentaram a presença de uma crosta na região inoculada, bem como a presença de hemorragia, tal atividade foi confirmada por achado histopatológico. Microscopicamente, todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram infiltrado inflamatório linfoblástico e de polimorfonucleares, hemorragia, edema, e presença de fibrose. O veneno da serpente Philodryas nattereri alterou a arquitetura normal do tegumento. Nossos resultados corroboraram em demonstrar tais alterações, uma vez que esta substância tóxica de origem animal, presente na nossa biodiversidade nordestina apresenta poucos dados na literatura, sendo desta forma, uma importante ferramenta para estudos das alterações morfofisiológicas de pele.

Snake venoms are composed of complex active substances, most of them of protein nature, causing various effects on humans and domestic animals and can lead to death. Philodryas nattereri is a native snake Ceara region, found throughout the state. This study aimed to know the morphological and physiological changes in mouse skin after inoculation with the total venom this serpente. The animals were divided into two groups that received concentrations of 40µg/mL and 20µg/mL respectively, inoculated subcutaneously, and a third group that received intradermal 40µg/mL of the venom. The macroscopic results showed the presence of a crust in the inoculated area, and the presence of bleeding, this activity was confirmed by histopathological analysis. Microscopically, all experimental groups had lymphoblastic and polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltration, hemorrhage, edema, and fibrosis. The venom of the snake Philodryas nattereri altered the normal integument architecture. Our results corroborate to demonstrate such changes, since this toxic substance of animal origin present in our Northeast biodiversity presents few literature data, thereby being an important tool for the study of morphological and physiological changes in the skin.

Los venenos de serpientes se componen de sustancias activas complejas, la mayoría de ellos de naturaleza proteica, provocando diversos efectos sobre los seres humanos y en los animales domésticos pueden llevar a la muerte. Philodryas nattereri es una serpiente nativa de la región de Ceará, que se encuentra en todo el estado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos en la piel de ratones después de la inoculación con todo el veneno de esta serpiente. Los animales fueron divididos en dos grupos que recibieron las concentraciones de 40µg/mL y 20µg /mL, respectivamente, por vía subcutánea inoculado, y un tercer grupo recibieron intradérmica 40µg/mL veneno. Los resultados macroscópicos mostraron la presencia de una costra en el área inoculada, y la presencia de sangrado, esta actividad se confirmó por análisis histopatológica. Microscópicamente, todos los grupos experimentales tuvieron infiltración linfoblástica y polimorfonucleares inflamatoria, hemorragia, edema y fibrosis. El veneno de la serpiente Philodryas nattereri altera la arquitectura normal del tegumento. Nuestros resultados corroboran para demostrar tales cambios, ya que esta sustancia tóxica de origen animal presente en nuestra biodiversidad Northeast presenta pocos datos de la literatura, siendo por lo tanto una herramienta importante para el estudio de los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos en la piel.

Urolitíase em Schnauzer: uma abordagem clínica e cirúrgica / Urolithiasis in Schnauzer: a clinical and surgical approach

The urolithiasis in dogs is a very common disease in the veterinary clinic. It is characterized by mineralized salt accumulation in some region of the urinary tract and is more common in areas of the bladder and urethra, but rare in the kidneys and ureters. This study aims to report a case of urolithiasis in dog. It was answered in Clinical Veterinary ETAVE, Fortaleza, Ceará, a female, race Schnauzer, 10 years old, whose diet consisted of food and home cooking. There were made physical and complementary examinations of the animal, establishing the diagnosis of urolithiasis. Cystotomy was prescribed to remove the uroliths of the bladder, as well as medicine and the animal dietary modification. The uroliths were characterized as mixed. Surgical treatment associated with therapeutic diets is an excellent option for the control of relapses.(AU)

Hipotireoidismo canino - relato de caso / Canine hypothyroidism - case report

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease more diagnosed in dogs. The clinical signs most found are lethargy, weight gain, coat coarse and scanty, nonpruritic alopecia and cold intolerance. In this study, we aimed to report a case of canine hypothyroidism in order to clarify important points of this disease, thus contributing to future diagnosis of similar cases. A bitch of 6-year-old was taken to the vet presenting overweight, exercise intolerance, coat coarse, excess of coat loss and hyperpigmentation of skin. Based on exams accomplished as free T4 measurement was diagnosed hypothyroidism and instituted treatment was l-thyroxine indose rate of 11 μg/kg twice daily.(AU)

Redução de fratura de côndilo lateral do úmero com parafuso leg e pino de Steinmann relato de caso / Lateral condyle fracture reduction in the humerus of a dog with compressive screw and Steinmann pin case report

Cases of fractures are very common in veterinary clinics and hospitals, often with small animals affected. A fracture can be defined as complete or incomplete disruption of the continuity of a bone or cartilage. The humerus form the skeleton arm. It is a long bone which lies obliquely against the ventral part of the thorax. It plays a central role in the movement of the forelimb. The goal of this study is to describe a case report of a lateral condylar fracture reduction in the humerus of a dog using the compressive screw technique and Steinmann pin.(AU)

Hipotireoidismo canino - relato de caso / Canine hypothyroidism - case report

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease more diagnosed in dogs. The clinical signs most found are lethargy, weight gain, coat coarse and scanty, nonpruritic alopecia and cold intolerance. In this study, we aimed to report a case of canine hypothyroidism in order to clarify important points of this disease, thus contributing to future diagnosis of similar cases. A bitch of 6-year-old was taken to the vet presenting overweight, exercise intolerance, coat coarse, excess of coat loss and hyperpigmentation of skin. Based on exams accomplished as free T4 measurement was diagnosed hypothyroidism and instituted treatment was l-thyroxine indose rate of 11 μg/kg twice daily.

Redução de fratura de côndilo lateral do úmero com parafuso leg e pino de Steinmann – relato de caso / Lateral condyle fracture reduction in the humerus of a dog with compressive screw and Steinmann pin – case report

Cases of fractures are very common in veterinary clinics and hospitals, often with small animals affected. A fracture can be defined as complete or incomplete disruption of the continuity of a bone or cartilage. The humerus form the skeleton arm. It is a long bone which lies obliquely against the ventral part of the thorax. It plays a central role in the movement of the forelimb. The goal of this study is to describe a case report of a lateral condylar fracture reduction in the humerus of a dog using the compressive screw technique and Steinmann pin.

Urolitíase em Schnauzer: uma abordagem clínica e cirúrgica / Urolithiasis in Schnauzer: a clinical and surgical approach

The urolithiasis in dogs is a very common disease in the veterinary clinic. It is characterized by mineralized salt accumulation in some region of the urinary tract and is more common in areas of the bladder and urethra, but rare in the kidneys and ureters. This study aims to report a case of urolithiasis in dog. It was answered in Clinical Veterinary ETAVE, Fortaleza, Ceará, a female, race Schnauzer, 10 years old, whose diet consisted of food and home cooking. There were made physical and complementary examinations of the animal, establishing the diagnosis of urolithiasis. Cystotomy was prescribed to remove the uroliths of the bladder, as well as medicine and the animal dietary modification. The uroliths were characterized as mixed. Surgical treatment associated with therapeutic diets is an excellent option for the control of relapses.