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1.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1157460, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37213354

RESUMO

Scholars have proposed that incarceration rates might be reduced by a requirement that judges justify incarceration decisions with respect to their operational costs (e.g., prison capacity). In an Internet-based vignette experiment (N = 214), we tested this prediction by examining whether criminal punishment judgments (prison vs. probation) among university undergraduates would be influenced by a prompt to provide a justification for one's judgment, and by a brief message describing prison capacity costs. We found that (1) the justification prompt alone was sufficient to reduce incarceration rates, (2) the prison capacity message also independently reduced incarceration rates, and (3) incarceration rates were most strongly reduced (by about 25%) when decision makers were asked to justify their sentences with respect to the expected capacity costs. These effects survived a test of robustness and occurred regardless of whether participants reported that prison costs should influence judgments of incarceration. At the individual crime level, the least serious crimes were most amenable to reconsideration for probation. These findings are important for policymakers attempting to manage high incarceration rates.

2.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 143(5): 2573-2579, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35927338

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMFs) are a crucial part of the posterolateral corner of the knee. They provide stability to the lateral meniscus and stabilize the joint during tibial internal rotation. The clinical diagnosis of a torn PMFs is difficult, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be inconclusive as well. The aim of the present study was to report the outcomes of a continuous series of patients affected by PMF lesions and treated with an arthroscopic repair. METHODS: Seventeen patients (average age of 22 ± 3.6 years) with PMF lesions and lateral meniscus instability were prospectively enrolled. All patients were evaluated with clinical examination, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm and Tegner scores and 1.5 T MRI. All patients had the same arthroscopic procedure consisting of meniscal repair with an all-inside meniscal repair system (mean 2.2 ± 0.77 anchors) and followed with the same postoperative protocol. RESULTS: All patients were available at a mean follow-up of 68 ± 24 months (range 49-84 months). Mean IKDC increased from 60.2 ± 13.5 to 83.1 ± 12, mean Lysholm score improved from 56.7 ± 8.2 to 89.8 ± 3.2, and mean Tegner score improved from 2.9 ± 1.3 to 6.5 ± 2. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. MRI evaluation at 6-month follow-up showed successful healing of the menisco-popliteal fascicles in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of tears of the PMFs is still debated. Diagnostic confirmation of tearing of the PMFs is usually determined at the time of arthroscopy. Meniscal repair with an all-inside meniscal repair system appears to be an excellent treatment option, since it yields good functional results at mid-term follow-up, no local complications, and complete radiographic healing at 6-month follow-up MRI. Further studies are needed to confirm these promising early results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, 4.


Assuntos
Meniscos Tibiais , Lesões do Menisco Tibial , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Meniscos Tibiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Artroscopia/métodos , Seguimentos , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Public Health Action ; 12(3): 128-132, 2022 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36160725

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This was a study on national TB data. OBJECTIVE: To assess improvement in TB case notification and treatment coverage through improved data use for action in Nigeria. DESIGN: We analysed pre- and post-intervention secondary TB programme data comprising data on increased supervisory visits, incentives for health workers, DOTS expansion, outreaches and geo-code monitoring. Trend analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for linear trends. RESULTS: Case-finding increased from 104,904 cases in 2017 to 138,591 in 2020. There was an increase of 2.0% from 2017 to 2018, 13.0% in 2018 to 2019 and 15.0% in 2019 to 2020 (P < 0.001). Facility DOTS coverage increased from 7,389 facilities in 2017 to 17,699 in 2020. There was an increase of 30.0% in 2018, 31.0% in 2019 and 40.0% in 2020 (P < 0.001). The number of reporting facilities increased from 5,854 in 2017 to 12,775 in 2020. Compared with 2017, there were an increase of 20.0% in 2018, 38.0% in 2019 and 32.0% in 2020 (P < 0.001). Treatment coverage rate increased from 24% in 2018 to 27% in 2019 and 30% in 2020. CONCLUSION: TB service expansion, improved monitoring and the use of data for decision making are key in increasing TB treatment coverage.


CONTEXTE: Il s'agit d'une étude sur les données nationales relatives à la TB. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l'amélioration de la notification des cas de TB et de la couverture du traitement grâce à une meilleure utilisation des données pour l'action au Nigéria. MÉTHODE: Nous avons analysé les données du programme secondaire de lutte contre la TB avant et après l'intervention, y compris les données sur l'augmentation des visites de supervision, les mesures incitatives pour les travailleurs de la santé, l'expansion du système DOTS, les activités de proximité et la surveillance des codes géographiques. L'analyse des tendances a été réalisée à l'aide du test du χ2 de Cochran-Armitage pour les tendances linéaires. RÉSULTATS: La recherche de cas est passée de 104 904 cas en 2017 à 138 591 en 2020. On observe une augmentation de 2,0% de 2017 à 2018, de 13,0% de 2018 à 2019 et de 15,0% de 2019 à 2020 (P < 0,001). La couverture DOTS des établissements est passée de 7 389 établissements en 2017 à 17 699 en 2020. On observe une augmentation de 30,0% en 2018, 31,0% en 2019 et 40,0% en 2020 (P < 0,001). Le nombre d'installations déclarantes est passé de 5 854 en 2017 à 12 775 en 2020. Par rapport à 2017, il y a eu une augmentation de 20,0% en 2018, 38,0% en 2019 et 32,0% en 2020 (P < 0,001). Le taux de couverture du traitement est passé de 24% en 2018 à 27% en 2019 et 30% en 2020. CONCLUSION: L'expansion des services de lutte contre la TB, l'amélioration de la surveillance et l'utilisation des données pour la prise de décision sont essentielles pour augmenter la couverture du traitement de la TB.

4.
Front Psychol ; 13: 889933, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35712212

RESUMO

Judges are typically tasked to consider sentencing benefits but not costs. Previous research finds that both laypeople and prosecutors discount the costs of incarceration when forming sentencing attitudes, raising important questions about whether professional judges show the same bias during sentencing. To test this, we used a vignette-based experiment in which Minnesota state judges (N = 87) reviewed a case summary about an aggravated robbery and imposed a hypothetical sentence. Using random assignment, half the participants received additional information about plausible negative consequences of incarceration. As predicted, our results revealed a mitigating effect of cost exposure on prison sentence term lengths. Critically, these findings support the conclusion that policies that increase transparency in sentencing costs could reduce sentence lengths, which has important economic and social ramifications.

5.
Ir Med J ; 115(1): 524, 2022 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35279058

RESUMO

Presentation 20 year old Caucasian male presented to eye casualty 4 weeks post initial diagnosis of bilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU), with a three-week history of a progressively worsening headache associated with nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis Non-contrast Computed Topography of the head and Magnetic Resonance venogram revealed a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). He had a long-standing history of intermittent oral ulceration, and was diagnosed with Neuro Behcet's Disease (NBD). Treatment The patient was commenced on a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin and prednisolone, and was discharged on enoxaparin, warfarin, tapering prednisolone and azathioprine. Discussion/Conclusion NBD is a rare, but serious manifestation of BD. BD is an important differential diagnosis in a young patient presenting with CVST or bilateral AAU.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Behçet , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos , Adulto , Síndrome de Behçet/complicações , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Behçet/tratamento farmacológico , Enoxaparina/uso terapêutico , Cefaleia , Humanos , Masculino , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto Jovem
6.
Sci Total Environ ; 816: 151534, 2022 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34780821

RESUMO

Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 presents a means of tracking COVID-19 community infection dynamics on a broader geographic scale. However, accounting for environmental and sample-processing losses may be necessary for wastewater measurements to readily inform our understanding of infection prevalence. Here, we present measurements of the SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 gene targets from weekly wastewater samples at three sites in Hamilton County, Ohio, during an increase and subsequent decline of COVID-19 infections. The concentration of N1 or N2 RNA in wastewater, measured over the course of six months, ranged from below the detection limit to over 104 gene copies/l, and correlated with case data at two wastewater treatment plants, but not at a sub-sewershed-level sampling site. We also evaluated the utility of a broader range of variables than has been reported consistently in previous work, in improving correlations of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations with case data. These include a spiked matrix recovery control (OC43), flow-normalization, and assessment of fecal loading using endogenous fecal markers (HF183, PMMoV, crAssphage). We found that adjusting for recovery, flow, and fecal indicators increased these correlations for samples from a larger sewershed (serving ~488,000 people) with greater industrial and stormwater inputs, but raw N1/N2 concentrations corresponded better with case data at a smaller, residential-oriented sewershed. Our results indicate that the optimal adjustment factors for correlating wastewater and clinical case data moving forward may not be generalizable to all sewersheds.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Prevalência , RNA , Águas Residuárias
7.
Exp Gerontol ; 152: 111431, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34062261

RESUMO

Previous research has shown beneficial cognitive changes following exercise training in older adults. However, the work on the potential moderating effects of Apoliprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status has been mixed, and the role of exercise intensity remains largely unexplored. The present study sought to examine the influence of APOE ε4 status and exercise intensity on measures of cognitive performance in a group of older adults. Cross-sectional comparisons between a group of younger inactive adults (n = 44, age = 28.86 ± 0.473 SD, 60.5% female) and a group of older inactive adults (n = 142, age = 67.8 ± 5.4, 62.7% female) were made on baseline measurements of APOE ε4 status, VO2peak, and cognitive performance in the domain of executive functioning. The older adults also participated in a randomized controlled exercise trial, exercising three times per week for 16-weeks in either a low-intensity continuous training (LICT) group or a moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training (MICT+IT) group at the Center for Health and Neuroscience, Genes, and Environment (CUChange) Exercise Laboratory. Follow-up measurements of VO2peak and cognitive performance were collected on the older adults after the exercise intervention. Cross-sectional comparisons between the older and younger adults demonstrated significant impairments among older adults in Stroop effect on error and time, Category Switch mixing effects, and Keep Track task. This impairment was not moderated by APOE ε4 carrier status. Improvements from pre- to post-exercise intervention were observed in both exercise groups in Stroop effect on error ([F (1, 256) = 9.381, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.031]) and Category Switch switching effect reaction time ([F(1, 274) = 4.442, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.020]), with no difference between exercise groups. The moderating effects of APOE ε4 carrier status were mixed. Exercise did not improve the Stroop effect on error among ε4 carriers assigned to MICT+IT when improvements were seen in all other groups. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms of action by which exercise impacts cognitive task performance, and possible moderators such as genetic variability and exercise intensity.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteína E4 , Função Executiva , Idoso , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Cognição , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
8.
Rev Sci Instrum ; 92(2): 024704, 2021 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33648153

RESUMO

Longwave (defined here as 500 Hz-500 kHz) radio science drives many scientific and engineering applications, including lightning detection and geolocation, subsea and subsurface sensing and communications, navigation and timing, and ionospheric and magnetospheric remote sensing. The hardware performance (i.e., sensitivity and bandwidth) of the receivers that detect long waves determines the maximum amount of information that can be extracted from the acquired data. In this paper, we present and describe an ultra-sensitive electric field receiver that enables broadband radio reception from near-DC up to 470 kHz, augmenting the legacy of the "Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation Modeling and Education" (AWESOME), a state-of-the-art magnetic field receiver completed previously. The AWESOME electric field receiver uses capacitive coupling with a dipole antenna to detect the electric field components of long waves and attains a sensitivity of 0.677 nV/(mHz). This sensitivity allows the detection of natural radio atmospherics and man-made beacon emissions at a global range. The AWESOME electric field receiver can also be integrated with a magnetic field sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic field reception. In this paper, we detail the design of the receiver, including the receiver architecture, its working principles, design methodology, and trade-offs. We showcase the receiver performance characterized through both numerical models and empirical measurements. We demonstrate a novel calibration method that is quick and straightforward, suitable for deployments in the field. Finally, we demonstrate some novel applications enabled by this receiver's excellent sensitivity and simultaneous reception capability of electric and magnetic field components of long waves.

9.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 34(5): 101469, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33222764

RESUMO

In primary polydipsia pathologically high levels of water intake physiologically lower arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, and in this way mirror the secondary polydipsia in diabetes insipidus in which pathologically low levels of AVP (or renal responsiveness to AVP) physiologically increase water intake. Primary polydipsia covers several disorders whose clinical features and significance, risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment are reviewed here. While groupings may appear somewhat arbitrary, they are associated with distinct alterations in physiologic parameters of water balance. The polydipsia is typically unrelated to homeostatic regulation of water intake, but instead reflects non-homeostatic influences. Recent technological advances, summarized here, have disentangled functional neurocircuits underlying both homeostatic and non-homeostatic physiologic influences, which provides an opportunity to better define the mechanisms of the disorders. We summarize this recent literature, highlighting hypothalamic circuitry that appears most clearly positioned to contribute to primary polydipsia. The life-threatening water imbalance in psychotic disorders is caused by an anterior hippocampal induced stress-diathesis that can be reproduced in animal models, and involves phylogenetically preserved pathways that appear likely to include one or more of these circuits. Ongoing translational neuroscience studies in these animal models may potentially localize reversible pathological changes which contribute to both the water imbalance and psychotic disorder.


Assuntos
Polidipsia Psicogênica/etiologia , Polidipsia Psicogênica/terapia , Animais , Diabetes Insípido/complicações , Diabetes Insípido/diagnóstico , Diabetes Insípido/etiologia , Diabetes Insípido/terapia , Ingestão de Líquidos/fisiologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Humanos , Hiponatremia/diagnóstico , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Hiponatremia/terapia , Polidipsia/diagnóstico , Polidipsia/etiologia , Polidipsia/terapia , Polidipsia Psicogênica/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/diagnóstico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/terapia
10.
Mark Lett ; 31(2-3): 137-149, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32836799

RESUMO

In this article, we document the evolution of research trends (concepts, methods, and aims) within the field of consumer behavior, from the time of its early development to the present day, as a multidisciplinary area of research within marketing. We describe current changes in retailing and real-world consumption and offer suggestions on how to use observations of consumption phenomena to generate new and interesting consumer behavior research questions. Consumption continues to change with technological advancements and shifts in consumers' values and goals. We cannot know the exact shape of things to come, but we polled a sample of leading scholars and summarize their predictions on where the field may be headed in the next twenty years.

11.
Public Health ; 179: 38-44, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31726399

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pertussis morbidity and mortality disproportionately affect infants younger than 1 year, who constitute 70% of deaths from pertussis. In 2017, 43% of infants younger than 6 months diagnosed with pertussis were hospitalized. In 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that all pregnant women should receive Tdap (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis) vaccine between 27- and 36-weeks gestation in an effort to reduce infant pertussis morbidity and mortality. However, Tdap vaccination rates among pregnant women remain far from robust. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with maternal Tdap uptake to help providers identify best practices that can improve Tdap receipt and identify women at risk for not receiving this important vaccine. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: A review of prenatal and delivery records was performed on all maternal-infant dyads with infants older than 36 weeks gestation admitted to the term nursery at Albany Medical Center from January 1, 2016 to April 16, 2016. A chi-squared analysis using STATA®, version 14.1, was performed to determine if any variables were associated with Tdap uptake, with statistical significance defined as P < 0.05. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the variables which had the greatest effect on Tdap receipt. RESULTS: Tdap vaccine was received by 65.8% of pregnant women (n = 400) in the study; median gestational age of receipt was 30 weeks. Maternal influenza vaccine receipt, infant hepatitis B vaccine receipt, provider recommendation of Tdap vaccination, and on-site availability of Tdap vaccine were all positively associated with maternal Tdap receipt during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Receipt of Tdap by pregnant women was highest in those who had received a provider recommendation about its benefits and who also received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Because women who received the influenza vaccine themselves and also consented to have their infants receive the hepatitis B vaccine had significantly higher uptake rates, encouraging vaccines usage and combating vaccine hesitancy in general can improve Tdap uptake rates. A small, but statistically significant association with receipt of assisted reproductive technologies was also seen, meriting future research.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/administração & dosagem , Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Vacinas contra Influenza , Gravidez , Gestantes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc ; 28(6): 1932-1945, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31463553

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to update the literature on the outcomes and complications of ACL reconstruction in patients aged 40 years and older. It has been hypothesized that patients older than 40 years of age may have comparable clinical outcomes to those of younger patients. METHODS: A systematic review of articles from 1996 to 2018 was completed using Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Reviews, and Google Scholar databases using the keyword terms "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" and "middle-aged OR elderly OR over 40 OR age factors." Functional and clinical outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm and Tegner score and KT-1000 arthrometer), complication and graft failure rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. In total, 306 middle-aged patients and 566 younger patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients > 40 was 49 ± 7 (range 40-75) years with a mean follow-up of 25 ± 9 months (range 12-68). The mean age of younger patients was 26 ± 2.7 (range 15-39) years with a mean post-operative follow-up of 26.7 ± 11.5 months (range 3-64). The results were slightly higher (but no significantly different) towards the younger group in terms of objective IKDC (P = n.s.), Lysholm (P = n.s.) and Tegner (P = n.s.) scores and knee laxity assessment (P = n.s.). Complication rate (P = n.s.) and graft failure (P = n.s.) were low even in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis shows that patients older than 40 years achieve comparable clinical outcomes to those of younger patients following primary ACL reconstruction. This evidence may push the surgeons toward a more aggressive approach in this specific cohort of patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Resultado do Tratamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Joelho/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Escore de Lysholm para Joelho , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Adulto Jovem
13.
Nat Rev Dis Primers ; 5(1): 54, 2019 08 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31395885

RESUMO

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of hypotonic urine. Central DI results from a deficiency of the hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, whereas nephrogenic DI results from resistance to AVP in the kidneys. Central and nephrogenic DI are usually acquired, but genetic causes must be evaluated, especially if symptoms occur in early childhood. Central or nephrogenic DI must be differentiated from primary polydipsia, which involves excessive intake of large amounts of water despite normal AVP secretion and action. Primary polydipsia is most common in psychiatric patients and health enthusiasts but the polydipsia in a small subgroup of patients seems to be due to an abnormally low thirst threshold, a condition termed dipsogenic DI. Distinguishing between the different types of DI can be challenging and is done either by a water deprivation test or by hypertonic saline stimulation together with copeptin (or AVP) measurement. Furthermore, a detailed medical history, physical examination and imaging studies are needed to ensure an accurate DI diagnosis. Treatment of DI or primary polydipsia depends on the underlying aetiology and differs in central DI, nephrogenic DI and primary polydipsia.


Assuntos
Diabetes Insípido/diagnóstico , Diabetes Insípido/fisiopatologia , Neurofisinas/fisiologia , Precursores de Proteínas/fisiologia , Vasopressinas/fisiologia , Diabetes Insípido/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neurofisinas/análise , Neurofisinas/sangue , Neuro-Hipófise/anormalidades , Neuro-Hipófise/fisiopatologia , Precursores de Proteínas/análise , Precursores de Proteínas/sangue , Vasopressinas/análise , Vasopressinas/sangue
14.
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging ; 288: 1-11, 2019 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31030001

RESUMO

Prepulse inhibition (PPI), the diminished eye blink response to a startling pulse induced by a prepulse, is regulated by brainstem, and modulated by cerebral, processes. Attentional modulation by the prepulse (AMP), a potential biomarker of psychotic disorders, differs from other modulatory processes because it only occurs if the interval between the prepulse and pulse exceeds 100 ms (>PP100). Videotaped eye blinks were measured during fMRI scanning in 15 healthy subjects hearing 64 pulse alone, 64 PP60 and 64 PP120 trials in a rapid event-related design. Because attentional influences on PPI vary spontaneously, we posited AMP could be isolated by comparing eye blink and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent covariation during the two PP trial types. Behavioral regressor coefficients reflecting significant covariation covered the insula and auditory cortices during PP120 but not PP60 trials. Clusters within the right anterior insula and auditory cortex were specific to AMP. Functional connections (FCs) between cerebral ROIs implicated in PPI were stronger during PP120 trials. The four FCs that were individually stronger during PP120 trials involved the right insula or auditory cortex and three were not present during PP60 trials. Converging evidence indicates the right insula is the hub of a network underlying AMP.


Assuntos
Córtex Auditivo/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Inibição Pré-Pulso/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atenção/fisiologia , Córtex Auditivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Reflexo de Sobressalto/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
In. The University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Day. St. Augustine, Caribbean Medical Journal, March 21, 2019. .
Não convencional em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: biblio-1023468

RESUMO

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate motion sensitivity in persons with pituitary adenomas in comparison to those without. Design and Methodology: A total of 9 patients were obtained to take part in the study alongside control patients of matching gender and ages. The following exam procedure was carried out at the UWI Optometry Clinic: Brief case history; Measurement of intraocular pressures using the non-contact tonometer (NCT); Measurement of refractive errors, using the Topcon Auto-Refractor; Measurement of visual acuities, using a Snellen Chart; Colour Vision testing using Ishihara Colour Plate test and Farnsworth d15 hue discrimination colour vision test; Visual Field Test using the Humphrey's Visual Field Machine; Motion sensitivity measurement using QuickRDK program and MCT program. Results: The Levene test showed that the variance for the angular motion threshold for both patient groups was not different (p = 0.163). The t-test showed no significant difference in angular motion threshold between the two groups. The Levene test showed that the variance for the coherence threshold for both patient groups was not different (p = 0.258). The t-test showed no significant difference in coherence threshold between the two groups (P=0.764) Conclusion: Motion sensitivity is not affected in persons with pituitary adenomas according to the data analysed. However, the majority of patients had microadenomas which rarely cause visual symptoms. So, it is better concluded that motion sensitivity is not affected in persons with microadenomas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Trinidad e Tobago , Percepção de Movimento
16.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat ; 15: 429-434, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30799921

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the stimulus intensity (SI) calculated by age-based methods with that using the dose-titration method. METHODS: The initial seizure threshold (IST) was determined using a standardized dose titration in hospitalized Thai patients treated with right unilateral (RUL, n=32) and bilateral (BL, n=57) electrode placement. The correlation between the IST and clinical variables was analyzed. The estimated SI based on the patient's age was compared with the SI determined by dose titration. RESULTS: Age was highly predictive of the IST for both groups (RUL, P=0.012; BL, P=0.045). Gender (P=0.006) and anticholinergic drug use (P=0.025) predicted the IST for the BL group. For the RUL group, the mean±SD (median) SI estimated using the half-age and age methods was 158±46 (169) mC and 315±92 (338) mC, respectively. The SI determined using the dose-titration method was higher compared with the half-age method and lower compared with the age method. For the RUL group, 31% of subjects using the half-age method and 22% of subjects using the age method would have received an SI within ±20% of that computed using dose titration. Additionally, 19% of subjects using the half-age method and 19% using the age method would have received unacceptably low (<50%) or high (>200%) intensities. For the BL group, 18% of subjects using the half-age method and 32% using the age method would have received an SI within ±20% of that computed using dose titration. Additionally, 39% with the half-age method and 18% with the age method would have received an unacceptably low or high SI, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age strongly predicts the IST, but it does not robustly predict the SI compared with dose titration because the SI calculated using age-based methods results in an unacceptably low or high SI that is associated with a marked risk of adverse effects or inadequate response. We recommend the dose-titration method to determine the SI.

17.
Rev Sci Instrum ; 89(9): 094501, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30278759

RESUMO

We present the performance characteristics of a high-sensitivity radio receiver for the frequency band 0.5-470 kHz, known as the Low Frequency Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling, and Education, or LF AWESOME. The receiver is an upgraded version of the VLF AWESOME, completed in 2004, which provided high sensitivity broadband radio measurements of natural lightning emissions, transmitting beacons, and radio emissions from the near-Earth space environment. It has been deployed at many locations worldwide and used as the basis for dozens of scientific studies. We present here a significant upgrade to the AWESOME, in which the frequency range has been extended to include the LF and part of the medium frequency (MF) bands, the sensitivity improved by 10-25 dB to be as low as 0.03 fT/ Hz , depending on the frequency, and timing error reduced to 15-20 ns range. The expanded capabilities allow detection of radio atmospherics from lightning strokes at global distances and multiple traverses around the world. It also allows monitoring of transmitting beacons in the LF/MF band at thousands of km distance. We detail the specification of the LF AWESOME and demonstrate a number of scientific applications. We also describe and characterize a new algorithm for minimum shift keying demodulation for VLF/LF transmitters for ionospheric remote sensing applications.

18.
J Hum Evol ; 123: 52-69, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30097184

RESUMO

The oldest recognized artifacts at the Swartkrans cave hominid-bearing site in South Africa have long been known to occur in the Lower Bank of Member 1, now dated with the cosmogenic nuclide burial method to ca. 1.8-2.19 Ma. However, the affinities of this industry have been debated due to small sample size. In this paper we present newly excavated material from the Lower Bank retrieved since 2005 in the Swartkrans Paleoanthropological Research Project. The sample is now large enough to confirm its affinity with the Oldowan industrial complex. The assemblage is highly expedient and core reduction strategies are largely casual. Although freehand flaking is present, the bipolar technique is most significant, even in non-quartz raw materials. The Swartkrans assemblage shows some significant contrasts with the Sterkfontein Oldowan, ca. 2.18 Ma, which can be explained by its closer proximity to raw material sources, its somewhat different geographic context, and its more expedient nature. The Swartkrans Oldowan now provides us with the first good indication of Oldowan variability in southern Africa, where only two sizeable assemblages have thus far been discovered. Comparisons are made with other sites across Africa that help to place this variability within our overall understanding of the Oldowan industrial complex.


Assuntos
Arqueologia , Hominidae , Animais , Cavernas , Indústrias/classificação , Paleontologia , África do Sul
19.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 188: 74-84, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29146097

RESUMO

Therapeutic practices in equine reproductive medicine have dramatically evolved over the last 20 years but current usage is not described. The aims of this study were to provide a description of medication use and clinical findings of reproductive examinations alongside measures of reproductive efficiency in thoroughbreds. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the 2013 and 2014 breeding seasons. Mare and stallion details, information on veterinary interventions and findings of reproductive ultrasound scans were collected using questionnaires and entered into a custom-designed Microsoft Access database. Descriptive summary statistics were derived directly from the database and using Microsoft Excel. Information was collected from 2246 pregnancies in 1754 mares from 29 stud farms. Ovulatory induction agents were used in 91.8% of cases, oestrus induction agents in 38.4% and covering therapies in 62.7%. Intrauterine antimicrobials were used in 49.6% of mares. Single pregnancies accounted for 83.9% of pregnancies, twins for 15.3% and triplets for 0.7%. The overall incidence of pregnancy loss between days 15-42 was 6.4% (95% CI 5.4%, 7.4%) and 1.6% (95% CI 1.1%, 2.1%) between days 43-65. A further 1.3% of pregnancies were lost by October and 4.5% by birth (including stillbirths). Eighty-three percent of all pregnancies resulted in a live foal. In conclusion, there has been a considerable increase in the use of reproductive therapeutics over the last 12 years. Nonetheless, incidence of pregnancy loss and live foal percentages remain essentially unchanged. Risk factor studies are required to determine if the substantial increase in therapeutic usage is conferring positive benefits.


Assuntos
Aborto Animal , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Cavalos/fisiologia , Prenhez , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
20.
S. Afr. j. bioeth. law ; 11(2): 75-79, 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1270195

RESUMO

Ethical issues are common in the global community. The shortage of human and medical resources when working with vulnerable populations requires institutional support to address the challenges that often arise in the patient-provider relationship. The 2014 Dartmouth/Penn Research Ethics Training and Program Development for Tanzania (DPRET) workshop centred on discussions about research and clinical ethics issues unique to Tanzanian healthcare providers. This article discusses some of the ethical challenges that workshop participants reported in their day-to-day work life with patients and families, such as truth-telling, disagreements over treatment plans and patient distrust of local physicians and hospital staff, among others. The Tanzanian participants recognised the need for supportive mechanisms within their local hospital environments. Further dialogue and research on the development ofinstitutional ethics committees within hospital systems is critically needed so that healthcare providers can meet their ethical and professional obligations to patients and families and address ethical conflicts that arise in a timely and productive fashion


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Comissão de Ética , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa , Treinamento de Força , África do Sul
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