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1.
Hepatología ; 5(2): 148-155, mayo-ago. 2024. fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1556384

RESUMO

La hepatotoxicidad inducida por medicamentos es un diagnóstico de descarte. Típicamente, se presenta en pacientes que desarrollan cambios clínicos y bioquímicos compatibles con hepatitis, pero relacionados con el inicio reciente de agentes farmacológicos, y que se resuelven tras el retiro de la noxa. Su desarrollo se ha descrito con el uso de algunos antibióticos, antituberculosos, estatinas, herbolarios y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos; sin embargo, hay pocos reportes de casos con el uso de anticonceptivos orales, en los cuales el surgimiento de mecanismos idiosincráticos puede llevar a la presentación de características clínicas como ictericia y anormalidades en los exámenes de laboratorio, como la elevación de las transaminasas. Esto requiere de estudios extensos para descartar otras patologías que pueden presentarse de esta forma, lo que representa un reto clínico. En este artículo se muestra el reporte de un caso de una paciente con antecedente de uso crónico de anticonceptivos implantables y que, tras el ajuste de la terapia con el inicio de anticonceptivos orales, desarrolla un episodio de elevación marcada de transaminasas e ictericia.


Drug-induced liver injury is a rule-out diagnosis. Typically, it occurs in patients who develop clinical and biochemical changes compatible with hepatitis, but related to a history of recent onset of pharmacological agents, and resolves after withdrawal of the noxious substances. Its development has been described with the use of some antibiotics, antituberculosis agents, statins, herbal and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs; however, there are few reports of cases with the use of oral contraceptives, in which the appearance of idiosyncratic mechanisms can lead to the presentation of clinical features such as jaundice and laboratory tests abnormalities, like transaminase elevation, requiring extensive studies to rule out other pathologies that may have this clinical presentation, wich represents a clinical challenge. We present a case report of a patient who had chronic use of implantable contraceptives and who, after adjustment of therapy with the start of oral contraceptives, developed an episode of marked elevation of transaminases and jaundice.

2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(6)2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38544207

RESUMO

The remote monitoring of vital signs and healthcare provision has become an urgent necessity due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world. Blood oxygen level, heart rate, and body temperature data are crucial for managing the disease and ensuring timely medical care. This study proposes a low-cost wearable device employing non-contact sensors to monitor, process, and visualize critical variables, focusing on body temperature measurement as a key health indicator. The wearable device developed offers a non-invasive and continuous method to gather wrist and forehead temperature data. However, since there is a discrepancy between wrist and actual forehead temperature, this study incorporates statistical methods and machine learning to estimate the core forehead temperature from the wrist. This research collects 2130 samples from 30 volunteers, and both the statistical least squares method and machine learning via linear regression are applied to analyze these data. It is observed that all models achieve a significant fit, but the third-degree polynomial model stands out in both approaches. It achieves an R2 value of 0.9769 in the statistical analysis and 0.9791 in machine learning.


Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Punho/fisiologia , Temperatura , Pandemias
3.
Alerta (San Salvador) ; 7(1): 79-87, ene. 26, 2024. tab.
Artigo em Espanhol | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1526718

RESUMO

La enfermedad de Parkinson y Alzheimer son las enfermedades neurodegenerativas más frecuentes a nivel mundial. Tienen etiología multifactorial, entre ellas, la genética; y son motivo de interés en la investigación científica actual. Se realizó una revisión narrativa con el objetivo de determinar las alteraciones genéticas asociadas a estas patologías, además su influencia en la evolución y respuesta al tratamiento de ellas. Se consultaron artículos originales, revisiones bibliográficas, sistemáticas, metaanálisis en inglés y español, con fecha de publicación entre el 1 enero de 2018 y el 20 de mayo de 2023, en bases como PubMed y Medline. Se utilizaron los términos MeSH «Alzheimer Disease¼, «Parkinson Disease¼, «Drug Therapy¼ y «Mutations¼. El riesgo hereditario para la enfermedad de Parkinson suele ser poligenético, sin embargo, existen genes relacionados con mutaciones monogénicas. Se identifican alteraciones en genes de α-sinucleína, glucocerebrosidasa y quinasa 2 rica en leucina que se relacionan con mayor riesgo de desarrollar Parkinson, además de variaciones en el cuadro clínico y edad de inicio de síntomas. En cuanto a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, las alteraciones en los genes de la proteína precursora amiloide, presenilina 1 y 2 se relacionan con la forma familiar de la enfermedad; por otra parte, las de apolipoproteína E4 se han identificado en la forma esporádica, por lo que se consideran como el factor de riesgo genético más importante para su desarrollo


Parkinson's and Alzheimer's are the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. They have a multifactorial etiology, including genetics, and are of interest in current scientific research. A narrative review was carried out with the aim of determining the genetic alterations associated with these pathologies, as well as their influence on their evolution and response to treatment. Original articles, literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses in English and Spanish, with publication date between January 1, 2018 and May 20, 2023, were consulted in databases such as PubMed and Medline. MeSH terms "Alzheimer Disease", "Parkinson Disease", "Drug Therapy" and "Mutation" were used. Hereditary risk for Parkinson's disease is usually polygenetic, however, there are genes related to monogenic mutations. Alterations in α-synuclein, glucocerebrosidase and leucine-rich kinase 2 genes have been identified that are related to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease, in addition to variations in the clinical picture and age of symptom onset. As for Alzheimer's disease, alterations in the genes of the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and 2 are related to the familial form of the disease; on the other hand, those of apolipoprotein E4 have been identified in the sporadic form, and are therefore considered to be the most important genetic risk factor for its development


Assuntos
El Salvador
4.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(10)2022 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35625137

RESUMO

The study of milk fat composition is a priority topic at the international level; however, there are few studies on the composition of triacylglycerides (TAG) and sterols in cow's milk produced in organic production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of TAG, cholesterol, and other sterols in the fat of raw cow's milk produced under organic conditions in the municipality of Tecpatán, Chiapas. Every month for one year, milk samples were obtained from three production units (PU 1, 2 and 3) and from the collecting tank (CT) of the municipality (12 months × 4 = 48 samples), in accordance with Mexican regulations. Milk fat was extracted by detergent solution and TAG and sterol analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and capillary columns. Chromatographic analyses identified and quantified 15 TAG in all milk fats, from C26 to C54, with a bimodal behavior; the maximum value (% w/w) for the first mode was located at C38 (14.48) and, for the second mode, C50 and C52 were considered with values of 11.55 and 11.60, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test only yielded significance (p < 0.05) for C26; most TAG values over time showed homogeneous variability. Cholesterol, brassicasterol, and campesterol were also determined; ANOVA did not show statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05) between them in the production units and collecting tank. Cholesterol had the highest percentage of the sterols with a mean value of 96.41%. The TAG and cholesterol profiles found in this study were similar to those reported in other countries.

5.
Alerta (San Salvador) ; 5(1): 50-56, ene. 28, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1354461

RESUMO

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación suponen un avance para la sociedad. Hoy en día, los dispositivos móviles proveen servicios convenientes para la cotidianidad, facilitando la comunicación, el ocio y las relaciones interpersonales, sin embargo, se describe que su uso excesivo influye en la aparición de síntomas como ansiedad, comportamientos adictivos y alteraciones del sueño. De todos los usuarios de estas tecnologías, los adolescentes son un grupo especialmente afectado, debido al fácil acceso a estas desde edades muy tempranas y la consecuente integración a su vida diaria. Por lo que se pretende determinar el papel del uso de dispositivos móviles en el desarrollo de trastornos del sueño en adolescentes. Pese a sus efectos deletéreos, se ha observado que el uso de estas tecnologías puede ocasionar sensación de bienestar y apoyo social en algunos usuarios, particularmente cuando promueve la interacción con sus pares. El uso excesivo de las tecnologías, en especial horas antes de dormir, se relaciona con un patrón de sueño anómalo, se ha identificado que los trastornos del sueño más prevalentes en los usuarios son el insomnio y la somnolencia diurna excesiva


Information and communication technologies represent an advance for society. Nowadays, mobile devices provide convenient services for everyday life, facilitating communication, leisure and interpersonal relationships, however, it is described that their excessive use influences the appearance of symptoms such as anxiety, addictive behaviors and sleep disturbances. Of all the users of these technologies, adolescents are a particularly affected group, due to the easy access to them from a very early age and the consequent integration into their daily lives. Therefore, it is intended to determine the role of the use of mobile devices in the development of sleep disorders in adolescents. Despite their deleterious effects, it has been observed that the use of these technologies can cause a feeling of well-being and social support in some users, particularly when it promotes interaction with their peers. The excessive use of technologies, especially hours before bed, is related to an abnormal sleep pattern, it has been identified that the most prevalent sleep disorders in users are insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness


Assuntos
Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Tecnologia , Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Ansiedade , Sono , Computadores de Mão
6.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 104(3): 907-909, 2020 12 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33319737

RESUMO

Stool samples from 122 children living in an urban slum (n = 72) and rural (n = 50) areas were analyzed using multi-parallel real-time quantitative PCR to determine intestinal prevalence parasites from two communities in Colombia. Findings indicated a prevalence of 86.1% Blastocystis spp., 62.5% Giardia intestinalis, 19.4% Cryptosporidium spp., 19.4% Ascaris lumbricoides, and 5.6% Trichuris trichiura in an urban slum; and 76% Blastocystis spp., 68% G. intestinalis, 20% Entamoeba histolytica, 50% A. lumbricoides, 46% T. trichiura, and 2% Strongyloides stercoralis in rural areas. Polyparasitism was higher in rural (58%) than urban (25%) areas (P = 0.001). Trichuris trichiura burden was higher in the rural area (P = 0.002). Over 40% of helminthic infections in rural areas had a heavy parasite burden by WHO classification. Over half of urban and rural children were infected with G. intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. Our data provide accurate epidemiologic surveillance for public health interventions.


Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , População Rural , População Urbana , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Áreas de Pobreza , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos
7.
AIDS Behav ; 21(7): 2059-2068, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28424971

RESUMO

The high prevalence of HIV and syphilis found among female transgender sex workers (FTSWs) in Argentina calls for the study of factors leading to negative health consequences. Given the particular characteristics observed in this population (high marginalization, school dropout, and low adherence to healthcare services), we explored the association of several socio-demographic characteristics with syphilis and HIV infections, and the determinants of condom use. This study revealed that FTSWs from Argentina were exposed to several risk factors decreasing thus their ability to negotiate condom use and leading to increased risk for transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Strategies to reduce HIV and syphilis in this population should consider interventions aimed at decreasing violence and substance use which appear to be the most important determinants. Results of this study will contribute to the global information among FTSWs.


Assuntos
Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Profissionais do Sexo/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Sexo Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia
8.
Transgend Health ; 1(1): 266-273, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28861540

RESUMO

Purpose: In Argentina, transgender women face a disproportionately high prevalence of HIV infection (34%). Although not currently approved in Argentina, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may offer a potential effective HIV prevention tool for this population. In this study, we assessed the willingness to use PrEP among transgender women in Argentina. Methods: Data were drawn from a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted among transgender women in 2013. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among transgender women with negative or unknown HIV status. Results: This study included 337 transgender women (278 HIV negative and 59 with unknown HIV status), most of whom had a history of sex work involvement (81.8%). Overall, 301 (89.3%) expressed willingness to use PrEP. In a multivariable analysis, having casual sexual partners was positively associated with willingness to use PrEP (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=4.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73-10.51), while discrimination by healthcare workers was negatively associated (AOR=0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.88). Conclusion: We found high levels of willingness to use PrEP among transgender women in Argentina, suggesting that there is high perception of HIV risk in this population. However, discrimination by healthcare workers was a strong negative correlate of willingness to use PrEP, suggesting that multilevel interventions that address gender-based stigma in healthcare settings will be critical for the success of PrEP as an HIV prevention strategy in this population.

9.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 9(9): e0004045, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26360617

RESUMO

Recent reports have suggested that leprosy originated in Africa, extended to Asia and Europe, and arrived in the Americas during European colonization and the African slave trade. Due to colonization, the contemporary Colombian population is an admixture of Native-American, European and African ancestries. Because microorganisms are known to accompany humans during migrations, patterns of human migration can be traced by examining genomic changes in associated microbes. The current study analyzed 118 leprosy cases and 116 unrelated controls from two Colombian regions endemic for leprosy (Atlantic and Andean) in order to determine possible associations of leprosy with patient ancestral background (determined using 36 ancestry informative markers), Mycobacterium leprae genotype and/or patient geographical origin. We found significant differences between ancestral genetic composition. European components were predominant in Andean populations. In contrast, African components were higher in the Atlantic region. M. leprae genotypes were then analyzed for cluster associations and compared with the ancestral composition of leprosy patients. Two M. leprae principal clusters were found: haplotypes C54 and T45. Haplotype C54 associated with African origin and was more frequent in patients from the Atlantic region with a high African component. In contrast, haplotype T45 associated with European origin and was more frequent in Andean patients with a higher European component. These results suggest that the human and M. leprae genomes have co-existed since the African and European origins of the disease, with leprosy ultimately arriving in Colombia during colonization. Distinct M. leprae strains followed European and African settlement in the country and can be detected in contemporary Colombian populations.


Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Mycobacterium leprae/classificação , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Grupos Raciais , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise por Conglomerados , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Homologia de Sequência , Adulto Jovem
10.
Int J Equity Health ; 13(1): 81, 2014 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25261275

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Transgender (TG) women in many settings continue to contend with barriers to healthcare, including experiences of stigma and discrimination. Argentina has a universal health care system and laws designed to promote healthcare access among TG women. However, little is known about barriers to healthcare access among TG women in this setting. The aim of this study was to explore individual, social-structural and environmental factors associated with healthcare avoidance among TG women in Argentina. METHODS: Data were derived from a 2013 nation-wide, cross-sectional study involving TG women in Argentina. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with avoiding healthcare using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 452 TG women included in the study, 184 (40.7%) reported that they avoided seeking healthcare because of their transgender identity. In multivariable analysis, factors positively associated with avoiding seeking healthcare were: having been exposed to police violence (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.26 - 3.83), internalized stigma (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.51), having experienced discrimination by healthcare workers (aOR = 3.36: 95% CI: 1.25 - 5.70) or patients (aOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.58 - 4.17), and currently living in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.44 - 3.76). In contrast, TG women with extended health insurance were less likely to report avoiding healthcare (aOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of TG women in our sample reported avoiding healthcare. Avoiding healthcare was associated with stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings, as well as police violence experiences. Although further research is warranted, these finding suggests that socio-structural interventions tailored TG women needs are needed to improve access to healthcare among this population.


Assuntos
Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Adulto , Argentina , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Estigma Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Violência
11.
PLoS One ; 9(8): e105402, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25133547

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In May 2012, Argentina passed its "Gender Identity" Law, which aimed to address the legal invisibility, discrimination and marginalization that transgender individuals have historically faced. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with engagement with the Gender Identity Law among transwomen living in Argentina. METHODS: Data were derived from a 2013 nationwide, cross-sectional study involving transwomen in Argentina. Using multivariate logistic regression, we assessed the prevalence and factors associated with acquiring a gender-congruent identity card within the first 18 months of enactment of the Gender Identity Law. RESULTS: Among 452 transwomen, 260 (57.5%) reported that they had obtained a new gender-congruent identity card. In multivariate analysis, factors positively associated with acquiring a new ID were: previously experiencing discrimination by healthcare workers (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.27-3.20); having engaged in transition procedures (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.58-5.93); and having a job other than sex work (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.06-3.10). Foreign born transwomen were less likely to have obtained a new ID (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06-0.33). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of transwomen in our sample acquired a new gender-congruent ID within the first 18 months of enactment of the Gender Identity Law. However, access to and uptake of this right has been heterogeneous. In particular, our findings suggest that the most empowered transwomen may have been among the first to take advantage of this right. Although educational level, housing conditions, HIV status and sex work were not associated with the outcome, foreign-born status was a strong negative correlate of new ID acquisition. Therefore, additional efforts should be made in order to ensure that benefits of this founding policy reach all transwomen in Argentina.


Assuntos
Identidade de Gênero , Pessoas Transgênero/legislação & jurisprudência , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina , Estudos Transversais , Discriminação Psicológica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
12.
J Mater Sci Mater Med ; 24(5): 1261-9, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23430337

RESUMO

Angiogenesis is essential for tissue regeneration and repair. A growing body of evidence shows that the use of bioactive glasses (BG) in biomaterial-based tissue engineering (TE) strategies may improve angiogenesis and induce increased vascularization in TE constructs. This work investigated the effect of adding nano-sized BG particles (n-BG) on the angiogenic properties of bovine type I collagen/n-BG composites. Nano-sized (20-30 nm) BG particles of nominally 45S5 Bioglass® composition were used to prepare composite films, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in vivo angiogenic response was evaluated using the quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as an model of angiogenesis. At 24 h post-implantation, 10 wt% n-BG containing collagen films stimulated angiogenesis by increasing by 41 % the number of blood vessels branch points. In contrast, composite films containing 20 wt% n-BG were found to inhibit angiogenesis. This experimental study provides the first evidence that addition of a limited concentration of n-BG (10 wt%) to collagen films induces an early angiogenic response making selected collagen/n-BG composites attractive matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.


Assuntos
Cerâmica/farmacologia , Colágeno/química , Nanocompostos/química , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Cerâmica/química , Colágeno/farmacologia , Coturnix/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero , Vidro/química , Teste de Materiais , Membranas Artificiais , Nanopartículas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Engenharia Tecidual/instrumentação , Alicerces Teciduais/química
13.
Int J Infect Dis ; 15(9): e635-40, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21742530

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Due to the scarce data on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male-to-female trans-sex workers (TSW) and male sex workers (MSW) in Argentina, the present study aimed to estimate the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis infections were tested among TSW. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-three TSW and 114 MSW were recruited by nongovernmental organizations. HIV incidence was estimated by STARHS (serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion). HPV and C. trachomatis infections were tested in anal cells from TSW. RESULTS: TSW showed significantly higher prevalences of HIV (34.1 vs. 11.4%), HBV (40.2 vs. 22.0%), and T. pallidum (50.4 vs. 20.4%) than MSW. TSW tested positive for HPV in 111/114 cases and for C. trachomatis in 4/80 cases. Investigation of HBV, HCV, HIV, and T. pallidum co-infections showed that 72% of TSW and 39% of MSW had at least one STI. T. pallidum was the most frequent mono-infection. The estimated HIV incidence was 10.7 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8-17.7) for TSW and 2.3 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0-6.7) for MSW. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of STIs and the high incidence of HIV demonstrate the great vulnerability of these high-risk populations and indicate the urgent need for preventive strategies on intervention and facilitation of access to healthcare programs.


Assuntos
Profissionais do Sexo , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Coinfecção , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Transexualidade , Travestilidade , Adulto Jovem
14.
rev. cuid. (Bucaramanga. 2010) ; 2(1): 182-187, ene.-dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-870001

RESUMO

Introducción: el suicidio es un fenómeno social con una alta tasa de mortalidad entre los jóvenes que pasan por varias etapas de cambios físicos y emocionales, con los intentos o pensamientos de suicidio común sentir miedo de lo que podría suceder en una situación difícil por la que están pasando. Santander en Colombia y las mayores tasas de suicidio son los jóvenes y la tendencia a aumentar. Todavía no sabemos la magnitud del problema en este grupo de alto riesgo, sin llegar a un suicidio total. Por lo tanto, esta investigación busca comprender este problema de una manera real de los que están vivos y en riesgo de suicidio y no esperar hasta que se trate y/o morir por esta causa Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal, en una muestra de 343 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingenierías de la Universidad de Santander de Bucaramanga; mediante una encuesta utilizando la Escala de Riesgo suicida Plutchik y otras variables socio demografías conformada por 27 preguntas. Se validan en dos bases de datos del programa EPIDATA, posteriormente se exportan al programa STATA 10, para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 64.1% de los participantes fueron hombres, 35.9% son mujeres; prevaleciendo las edades 18 (15.7%) y 20 (14.6%); el 11.7% tenían antecedentes personales de suicidio; la ingeniería con mayor riesgo suicida fueron Civil 13%, Electrónica 6.2%, Ambiental 4.9%, Industrial 3.6%; evidenciando en los factores socio demográficos que solo el 83.4% gozan de una buena funcionalidad familiar; 51.3% consume alcohol y el 2.3% depende de éste. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los jóvenes son más vulnerables a tener riesgo suicidio debido a los múltiples factores socio demográficos: disfunción familiar, antecedentes de suicidio y consumo de alcohol, cigarrillo, sustancias psicoactivas.


Introduction: suicide is a social phenomenon with a high mortality rate among young people who go through multiple stages of physical and emotional changes, with attempts or suicidal thoughts common to feel fear of what might happen in a difficult situation by that are happening. Santander in Colombia and the highest rates of suicide are young people and the tendency to increase. Still do not know the magnitude of the problem in this high risk group, without reaching a complete suicide. Therefore, this research seeks to understand this problem in a real way of those who are alive and at risk of suicide and not wait until they try it and / or die for this cause. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational cross-sectional in a sample of 343 students of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Santander in Bucaramanga, a survey using the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and other socio demographics consists of 27 questions . Validated in two databases EPIDATA then exported to STATA 10 for statistical analysis. Results: 64.1% of participants were men, 35.9% are women ages 18 to prevail (15.7%) and 20 (14.6%), 11.7% had a history of suicide, the more suicidality Facultad of Engineering Civil were 13% Electronics 6.2% Environmental 4.9% 3.6% Industrial, evidenced in the socio-demographic factors that only 83.4% have a good family functioning, 51.3% consumed alcohol and 2.3% dependent on this. Discussion and Conclusions: Young people are more vulnerable to having suicidal risk because of multiple socio demographic factors, family dysfunction, history of suicide and alcohol consumption, smoking, psychoactive substances.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Ideação Suicida , Suicídio
15.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 69(3): 327-30, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19622481

RESUMO

Few data are available regarding the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV-1 infection, and risk behaviors of transgender individuals. Previous reports indicate that this community has a high prevalence of HIV and STIs. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of HIV-1 infection, STI and risk behaviors of transgender people versus non transgender people. We used a cross sectional design study. Patients who received services at our testing site between November 2002 and April 2006, and provided written informed consent, were included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data, sexual behaviour, recreational drug use, condom use, concurrent or previous STI and HIV-1 infection diagnosis and partner serologic status, were collected. We used descriptive statistics and chi 2 for comparisons of proportions. In the period of the study, 105 transgender individuals were identified in a population of 4118 patients tested. The prevalence of HIV infection in the transgender group was 27.6% (29/105), while in the non transgender group was 6.2% (247/4013) p:0.0000. Low level of formal instruction, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, previous history of STI and sex work (100% transgenders and 2.3% of non-transgenders) were significantly more frequent in the transgender. The referred correct use of condom was similar in both groups. The prevalence of syphilis was 42.3% in transgender group and 18.1% in non-transgender individuals. These data show that this population has a very high prevalence of HIV-1 and STI. This information could be instrumental to design targets for intensive HIV prevention strategies in this particular high risk population.


Assuntos
Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Transexualidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);69(3): 327-330, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-633645

RESUMO

Existen pocos datos disponibles acerca del comportamiento de riesgo y la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), incluyendo HIV-1, en personas transgénero. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características demográficas, factores de riesgo, prevalencia de HIV-1 e ITS en personas transgénero versus personas no transgénero que consultan al Centro de Prevención, Asesoramiento y Diagnóstico del Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejía. Se utilizó el diseño de estudio de corte transversal y se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en nuestro centro que firmaron consentimiento informado entre noviembre de 2002 y abril de 2006. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, uso de drogas, utilización de preservativos, nivel de educación alcanzado, diagnóstico de ITS y estado actual de la pareja. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y chi² para comparar proporciones. En la población estudiada (n: 4118) se identificaron a 105 personas transgénero. La prevalencia de infección por HIV-1 fue del 27.6% (29/105), mientras que en personas no transgénero (n: 4013) fue de 6.2% (247/4013); p:0.0000. El bajo nivel educativo, el consumo de alcohol, el abuso de drogas, los antecedentes de ITS y el trabajo sexual (100% en transgénero y 2.3% en no transgénero) fueron más frecuentes en personas transgénero. La prevalencia de sífilis fue del 42% en personas transgénero y del 18% en personas no transgénero. Estos datos demuestran que las personas transgénero que consultan en nuestro centro tienen alta prevalencia de infección por HIV-1 e ITS. Esta información podría contribuir al diseño de estrategias de prevención necesarias en esta población.


Few data are available regarding the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV-1 infection, and risk behaviors of transgender individuals. Previous reports indicate that this community has a high prevalence of HIV and STIs. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of HIV-1 infection, STI and risk behaviors of transgender people versus non transgender people. We used a cross sectional design study. Patients who received services at our testing site between November 2002 and April 2006, and provided written informed consent, were included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data, sexual behaviour, recreational drug use, condom use, concurrent or previous STI and HIV-1 infection diagnosis and partner serologic status, were collected. We used descriptive statistics and chi² for comparisons of proportions. In the period of the study, 105 transgender individuals were identified in a population of 4118 patients tested. The prevalence of HIV infection in the transgender group was 27.6% (29/105), while in the non transgender group was 6.2% (247/4013) p:0.0000. Low level of formal instruction, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, previous history of STI and sex work (100% transgenders and 2.3% of non-transgenders) were significantly more frequent in the transgender. The referred correct use of condom was similar in both groups. The prevalence of syphilis was 42.3% in transgender group and 18.1% in non-transgender individuals. These data show that this population has a very high prevalence of HIV-1 and STI. This information could be instrumental to design targets for intensive HIV prevention strategies in this particular high risk population.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Transexualidade/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico
17.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 24(1): 23-30, ene.-mar. 2009. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-523764

RESUMO

Objetivos. Determinar las características de los pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda en nuestra institución y los factores de riesgo para la infección del sitio operatorio.Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en un hospital de mediana complejidad. Se estudiaron las características de 30 pacientes que presentaron infección de la herida quirúrgica luego de apendicectomía de urgencia por apendicitis aguda y se compararon con las de 250 controles de la misma cohorte expuesta. Se seleccionó la muestra por método no probabilístico no apareado a fin de analizar todas las variables.Resultados. Se incluyeron 280 pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda. Se observó un tiempo de evolución prolongado antes de la consulta en urgencia (41,3 ± 43,4 horas) y, aunque el diagnóstico fue acertado inicialmente en la mayoría de los casos (80,4%), el tiempo para ser llevados a cirugía en promedio fue de 14,4 ± 15,4 horas. También se encontró falta de uniformidad en la profilaxis antimicrobiana preoperatoria y un mayor costo en los pacientes que recibieron antibióticos por tiempo prolongado en forma injustificada (porcentaje del costo de antibiótico en la cuenta total de 12,6% (DE=6,7) vs. 16,0 (DE=10,3) con un valor de p<0,001 y el total de lo facturado $1’892.132 (DE=$649.034) vs. $2’172.777 (DE=$828.273). Sólo se presentó una muerte. nclusiones. La infección del sitio operatorio en apendicitis aguda en esta institución está dentro de los valores esperados, a pesar de las dificultades en el acceso, la demora en la atención y la gran frecuencia de presentación complicada (51,8%). os principales factores asociados a la infección del sitio operatorio fueron la presentación complicada y, paradójicamente, los pacientes que recibieron antibióticos en forma más regular. Por ello, se hace necesario el establecimiento de estrategias para agilizar la consulta temprana y el manejo quirúrgico definitivo. El uso inadecuado de antibióticos es un factor de riesgo para la infección del sitio operatorio, aumenta los costos en la atención y, probablemente, tenga efectos deletéreos en la ecología microbiológica de las instituciones. Se requiere la implementación y la observación de guías de manejo para la profilaxis antimicrobiana preoperatoria y la vigilancia del impacto en la resistencia bacteriana.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos , Apendicectomia , Apendicite , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Infecção dos Ferimentos
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