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1.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 303, 2023 01 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36658111

RESUMO

Recent rises in incident tuberculosis (TB) cases in Paraguay and the increasing concentration of TB within prisons highlight the urgency of targeting strategies to interrupt transmission and prevent new infections. However, whether specific cities or carceral institutions play a disproportionate role in transmission remains unknown. We conducted prospective genomic surveillance, sequencing 471 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genomes, from inside and outside prisons in Paraguay's two largest urban areas, Asunción and Ciudad del Este, from 2016 to 2021. We found genomic evidence of frequent recent transmission within prisons and transmission linkages spanning prisons and surrounding populations. We identified a signal of frequent M. tuberculosis spread between urban areas and marked recent population size expansion of the three largest genomic transmission clusters. Together, our findings highlight the urgency of strengthening TB control programs to reduce transmission risk within prisons in Paraguay, where incidence was 70 times that outside prisons in 2021.


Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Prisões , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Filogeografia , Estudos Prospectivos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle
2.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 55(3): 27-34, 20221115.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1401456

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos en Paraguay, 2014 a 2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se utilizaron los datos del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis del Paraguay comprendidos entre los años 2014 a 2017. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de Tuberculosis que se realizaron un test de resistencia. Se extrajeron los datos en Excel y fueron analizados con Stata 17.0. Se incluyeron 3429 pacientes con tuberculosis que contaban con resultado de al menos una prueba de sensibilidad. La resistencia se encontró en 2.1% de los pacientes. La resistencia a la Rifampicina estuvo presente en el 0.3% de los casos mientras que a la Izionazida en el 0.6% de los casos. La prevalencia de resistencia fue más alta en hombres 3.4 (IC 95% 2.2 - 4.8) p=0.003, que residían en el chaco 6.0 (IC 95% 3.4 - 9.7) p=0.000, previamente tratados 2.7 (IC 95% 1.1 - 5.1) p=0.010. En el modelo se pudo observar que un paciente previamente tratado tiene mayores posibilidades de tener resistencia OR 2.62 (IC 95% 1.1 - 6.24). La prevalencia de resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a fármacos estuvo relacionada con haber sido previamente tratado


The objective of the study was to identify the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs in Paraguay, 2014 to 2017. A retrospective observational study was carried out. The data from the National Tuberculosis Program of Paraguay between the years 2014 to 2017 were used. All patients with a diagnosis of Tuberculosis who underwent a resistance test were included. Data were extracted in Excel and analyzed with Stata 17.0. 3429 tuberculosis patients who had a result of at least one sensitivity test were included. Resistance was found in 2.1% of patients. Resistance to Rifampicin was present in 0.3% of cases while to Izionazide in 0.6% of cases. The prevalence of resistance was higher in men 3.4 (95% CI 2.2 - 4.8) p = 0.003, who resided in the Chaco 6.0 (95% CI 3.4 - 9.7) p = 0.000, previously treated 2.7 (95% CI 1.1 - 5.1) p = 0.010. In the model, it was observed that a previously treated patient has a greater chance of having resistance OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.1 - 6.24). The prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs was related to having been previously treated


Assuntos
Tuberculose , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampina , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Vigilância em Desastres
3.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 39(3): 238-247, 2022 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36156684

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Seroprevalence studies are useful to estimate the proportion of the population previously infected, quantify the magnitude of transmission, estimate the fatality rate, evaluate the effect of interventions, and estimate the degree of immunity of the population. AIM: To determine the extension of the infection and the cumulative incidence of age-specific infection, determined by seropositivity in the population of the sanitary regions of Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay. METHODS: Population-based cohort study. In Asunción 126 households and in the Central Department 609 were surveyed between December 2020 to March 2021. Three visits were made to the selected households. RESULTS: The testing rate was 66.6%, 1,699 people (324 in Asunción and 1,375 in Central) of the 2,553 people registered. In the first, second and third rounds, seroprevalences were 15.5%, 15.4% and 14.3% in Asunción, respectively; in Central 23.1%, 27.8% and 26.9%, respectively. There was a seroconversion between the first and second rounds of 5.9%, and in the third round 6.5%; the accumulated global seroprevalence was 26.9% (95% CI: 24.8-19.1); in Asunción 23.1% (95% CI: 18.9-28.0) and in Central 27.8% (95% CI: 25.5-30.2). 8.5% of the participants reported symptoms; of them, 54.2% had positive serology. CONCLUSION: The sero-prevalence was high with a low proportion of people with symptoms.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
4.
Microb Genom ; 8(7)2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35787782

RESUMO

Genomic studies of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) might shed light on the dynamics of its transmission, especially in high-burden settings, where recent outbreaks are embedded in the complex natural history of the disease. To this end, we conducted a 1 year prospective surveillance-based study in Mozambique. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to 295 positive cultures. We fully characterized MTBC isolates by phylogenetics and dating evaluation, and carried out a molecular epidemiology analysis to investigate further associations with pre-defined transmission risk factors. The majority of strains (49.5%, 136/275) belonged to lineage (L) 4; 57.8 % of them (159/275) were in genomic transmission clusters (cut-off 5 SNPs), and a strikingly high proportion (45.5%) shared an identical genotype (0 SNP pairwise distance). We found two 'likely endemic' clades, comprising 67 strains, belonging to L1.2, which dated back to the late 19th century and were associated with recent spread among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We describe for the first time the population structure of MTBC in our region, a high tuberculosis (TB)/HIV burden area. Clustering analysis revealed an unforeseen pattern of spread and high rates of progression to active TB, suggesting weaknesses in TB control activities. The long-term presence of local strains in Mozambique, which were responsible for large transmission among HIV/TB-coinfected patients, calls into question the role of HIV in TB transmission.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Estudos Prospectivos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop ; 17(1)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406895

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: Es importante aplicar un enfoque desde los pueblos indígenas en los sistemas de información sanitaria ya que los mismos constituyen un grupo prioritario debido a su situación de vulnerabilidad. Objetivo: Describir aspectos sociodemográficos y epidemiológicos de COVID-19 en poblaciones indígenas de 0 - 19 años en Paraguay, 2020 al 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal retrospectivo. Se incluyeron casos con resultado positivo para SARS-COV-2 de 0 - 19 años en población indígena, de la base de notificaciones de la Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, grupos de edad, procedencia, fallecidos, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se confirmaron 468.535 casos positivos para SARS-COV-2 en el Paraguay, de los cuales 39.319 (8,4%) eran del grupo de 0-19 años de edad. De ellos 52 % sexo femenino, 8% menores de 5 años, 59 % edad 15 -19 años, 61 % procedencia Asunción y Central, fallecieron 54 (0,01 %) del grupo de edad de 0 a 19 años de edad. En población indígena se confirmaron 619 casos, siendo el grupo 0-19 años, 88 (14%), sexo femenino 69 %, menor de 5 años 24%, y 48% de 15 a 19 años, procedencia Boquerón 28% y Alto Paraná 26 %, fallecieron 6 (7%), cuatro de ellos menores de 5 años. Haciendo una asociación entre las características de la población general y la población indígena se observó una diferencia significativa entre todas las edades y el grupo pediátrico (OR:1,81[IC95% =1,4 - 2,3]; p<0,0002), en cuanto al sexo femenino (OR:2,09[IC95% =1,3 - 2,3]; p<0,001) y entre los fallecidos (OR:53,20[IC95% =22,2 - 127,1]; p<0,0001). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los casos Boquerón, Alto Paraná, Central y Canindeyú. El grupo más afectado fue de 15 a 19 años. En cuanto a la letalidad es mayor en la población pediátrica indígena que en la población general.


SUMMARY Introduction: It is important to apply an approach from indigenous peoples in health information systems since they constitute a priority group due to their situation of vulnerability. Objective: To describe sociodemographic and epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 in indigenous populations aged 0-19 years in Paraguay, 2020 to 2021. Material and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study. Cases with a positive result for SARS-COV-2 from 0 to 19 years of age in the indigenous population, from the notification base of the General Directorate of Health Surveillance, were included. The variables analyzed were: sex, age groups, origin, deceased, using descriptive statistics. Results: During the study period, 468,535 positive cases for SARS-COV-2 were confirmed in Paraguay, of which 39,319 (8.4%) were from the 0-19-year-old group. Of these, 52% were female, 8% under 5 years of age, 59% aged 15-19 years, 61% from Asunción and Central, 54 (0.01%) in the age group 0 to 19 years of age died. In the indigenous population, 619 cases were confirmed, being the group 0-19 years old, 88 (14%), female 69%, under 5 years old 24%, and 48% from 15 to 19 years old, origin Boquerón 28% and Alto Paraná 26%, 6 (7%) died, four of them under 5 years of age. Making an association between the characteristics of the general population and the indigenous population, a significant difference was observed between all ages and the pediatric group (OR: 1.81[CI95%=1.4 - 2.3]; p<0. 0002), in terms of female sex (OR: 2.09[CI95% =1.3 - 2.3]; p<0.001) and among the deceased (OR: 53.20[CI95% =22.2 - 127 .1], p<0.0001). Conclusions: Most of the Boquerón, Alto Paraná, Central and Canindeyú cases. The most affected group was 15 to 19 years old. In terms of lethality, it is higher in the indigenous pediatric population than in the general population.

6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(3)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407783

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La COVID-19, causada por el virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo tipo-2 (SARS-CoV-2), fue declarada pandémica en marzo de 2020. Los estudios de seroprevalencia son útiles para efectuar diversas estimaciones: la proporción de la población previamente infectada, cuantificar la magnitud de la transmisión, la tasa de letalidad, evaluar el efecto de intervenciones, y el grado de inmunidad de una población. Objetivos: Determinar la extensión de la infección y la incidencia acumulada de infección mediante el estudio de seropositividad en pobladores de las regiones sanitarias de Asunción y Departamento Central de Paraguay. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte poblacional. Se encuestaron 126 hogares en Asunción y 609 en el Departamento Central entre diciembre 2020 y marzo 2021. Se realizaron tres visitas a los hogares seleccionados. Resultados: La tasa de testeo fue 66,6%, 1.699 personas (324 en Asunción y 1.375 en Central) de las 2.553 personas censadas. En la primera, segunda y tercera rondas, las seroprevalencias fueron en Asunción 15,5%, 15,4% y 14,3%, respectivamente; en Central 23,1%, 27,8% y 26,9%, respectivamente. Hubo una seroconversión entre la primera y segunda ronda de 5,9% y en la tercera ronda 6,5%. La seroprevalencia global acumulada fue de 26,9% (IC95%: 24,8-19,1); en Asunción 23,1% (IC95%: 18,9-28,0) y en Central 27,8% (IC95%: 25,5-30,2). El 8,5% de los participantes reportó síntomas; de estos, el 54,2% presentó serología positiva. Conclusión: La sero-prevalencia fue alta con una baja proporción de encuestados sintomáticos.


Abstract Background: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Seroprevalence studies are useful to estimate the proportion of the population previously infected, quantify the magnitude of transmission, estimate the fatality rate, evaluate the effect of interventions, and estimate the degree of immunity of the population. Aim: To determine the extension of the infection and the cumulative incidence of age-specific infection, determined by seropositivity in the population of the sanitary regions of Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay. Methods: Population-based cohort study. In Asunción 126 households and in the Central Department 609 were surveyed between December 2020 to March 2021. Three visits were made to the selected households. Results: The testing rate was 66.6%, 1,699 people (324 in Asunción and 1,375 in Central) of the 2,553 people registered. In the first, second and third rounds, seroprevalences were 15.5%, 15.4% and 14.3% in Asunción, respectively; in Central 23.1%, 27.8% and 26.9%, respectively. There was a seroconversion between the first and second rounds of 5.9%, and in the third round 6.5%; the accumulated global seroprevalence was 26.9% (95% CI: 24.8-19.1); in Asunción 23.1% (95% CI: 18.9-28.0) and in Central 27.8% (95% CI: 25.5-30.2). 8.5% of the participants reported symptoms; of them, 54.2% had positive serology. Conclusion: The sero-prevalence was high with a low proportion of people with symptoms.

7.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 19(1)abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1337628

RESUMO

Los migrantes son más susceptibles a las enfermedades infecciosas, por las malas condiciones sanitarias donde viven. El objetivo fue describir las condiciones sanitarias del albergue "COPACO" del Bañado Norte en el 2018. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y temporalmente prospectivo. Fueron georreferenciados, ubicación y cantidad de grifos, sanitarios, desechos no biológicos, y medidas las distancias entre el agua potable y los desechos. Se evaluó el acceso y calidad del agua potable almacenada y fueron encuestadas las familias para conocer las enfermedades más prevalentes. Las referencias fueron las establecidas en el Manual ESFERA. Fueron contabilizadas 481 familias (2,405 personas); censados 22 baños químicos, 25 grifos, 5 puestos de ducha y 4 puntos de acumulación de desechos. El rango de distancia entre los baños y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 1 a 78 m, promedio 28 m. La distancia promedio entre el acúmulo de basura y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 21,1 m, rango 1 a 35 m. Cada grifo fue utilizado por 96 personas, 60% (9) de las familias almacenaban agua. Un baño móvil, con retrete y sin ducha era utilizado por 109 personas. Los baños eran unisex (mixtos) y carecían de fuente de agua y se improvisaron 5 puestos para ducharse, de utilización familiar. Fueron encuestadas 15 familias (3,1%). El promedio de estadía 33,3 días, 3 familias acusaron padecer de vómito, fiebre, diarrea y dolor dental. Los resultados pueden orientar a las autoridades sobre las futuras acciones a realizar para salvaguardar la salud de la población migrante


Migrants are more susceptible to infectious diseases, due to the poor sanitary conditions they live in. The objective of this work was to describe the sanitary conditions of the "COPACO" shelter in Bañado Norte (North Slum) in 2018. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and temporally prospective study. The location and quantity of taps, toilets, non-biological waste were georeferenced, and the distances between drinking water and garbage were measured. Access and quality of stored drinking water were evaluated and families were surveyed to find out the most prevalent diseases. The references were those established in the SPHERE handbook. The number of families counted were 481 (2,405 people), 22 chemical toilets, 25 taps, 5 shower stalls and 4 garbage accumulation points were registered. The distance range between the toilets and the 4 closest taps was 1 to 78 m, average 28 m. The average distance between the garbage accumulation points and the 4 closest taps was 21.1 m, the range was 1 to 35 m. Each tap was used by 96 people, while 60% (9) of the families store water. A portable bathroom, with a toilet and without a shower, was used by 109 people. The bathrooms were unisex (mixed) and lacked a water source and 5 stalls were improvised for showering, for family use. Fifteen families were surveyed (3.1%). The average stay in the facilities was 33.3 days, and 3 families reported suffering from vomiting, fever, diarrhea and dental pain. The results can guide authorities on future actions to be taken to safeguard the health of the migrant population


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Pública , Perfis Sanitários , Áreas de Pobreza , Casas de Trabalho
8.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1293392

RESUMO

La pandemia ha posicionado como prioridad la investigación en el campo de la salud no solo en nuestro país. Ha sido explosivamente positiva la cooperación con investigadores de diversas partes del planeta a través de webinars o plataformas que nos conectaron más que nunca en nuestra historia de la investigación. Las publicaciones sobre COVID-19 han crecido y crecerán considerablemente en los próximos meses, y en esto ha contribuido mucho el acceso abierto al que varias revistas prestigiosas han apostado para estos tiempos de crisis. Sin embargo, la ciencia enfrenta también algunos riesgos, la urgencia por publicar ha hecho que estas revistas tuvieses que retractar publicaciones importantes. También se ha abierto un gran frente de difusión de noticias sin respaldo científico comprobado, con deficiencias metodológicas y recomendaciones inapropiadas que atentan contra la seguridad y dignidad de las personas. Las revistas arbitradas, en este sentido, tienen la gran responsabilidad, ya que son el pilar fundamental en la comunicación de los avances del conocimiento. Priorizar siempre calidad antes que rapidez de la publicación es lo esencial, por los errores que esto podría traer y el impacto que puede llevar a la hora de tomar decisiones


Assuntos
Pandemias , COVID-19 , Pesquisadores
10.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 53(3): 63-70, 20201201.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177488

RESUMO

Introducción: Comer saludablemente puede contribuir a disminuir la frecuencia de enfermedades crónicas evitables y a mejorar la calidad de vida en la edad avanzada. El objetivo fue describir el comportamiento alimentario de los adolescentes escolares de escuelas públicas, subvencionadas y privadas a nivel nacional. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal cuantitativo no probabilístico, como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario de la Encuesta Global de Salud Escolar, a adolescentes de 12 departamentos, la encuesta fue aplicada en marzo del 2017, fueron incluidos 3149 estudiantes matriculados sistemáticamente con una probabilidad proporcional a los grados Octavo-Tercer curso. Resultados: El comportamiento alimentario se caracterizó por el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras en porciones de cinco o más veces al día que fue solo del 7,5%. El 61,7% consumieron bebidas gaseosas azucaradas una o más veces al día, y 15% de los estudiantes consumieron tres días o más comidas rápidas en los últimos 7 días. Conclusión: El comportamiento alimentario de los adolescentes se caracteriza por un elevado consumo de los alimentos marcadores de una alimentación no saludable con mayor proporción entre los más jóvenes.


Introduction: Eating healthy can help reduce preventable chronic diseases and improve quality of life in old age. The objective was to describe the eating habits of school adolescents from public, subsidized and private schools nationwide. Materials and Methods: It is a non-probabilistic quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study, the instrument used was the Global School Health Survey, for adolescents from 12 departments, the survey was applied in March 2017. 3149 systematically enrolled students were included with a proportional probability to grades Eight-Third year. Results: The eating behavior was characterized by the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in portions of five or more times a day, which was only 7.5%. 61.7% consumed sugary soft drinks one or more times a day, and 15% of the students consumed fast foods three or more days a week. Conclusion: The eating behavior of adolescents is characterized by a high consumption of foods that are markers of an unhealthy diet, with a higher proportion among the youngest.


Assuntos
Bebidas Gaseificadas , Alimentos , Doença Crônica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
11.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 53(3): 95-108, 20201201.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177993

RESUMO

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial se encuentra dentro de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en nuestro país, el consumo excesivo de sal podría ser un factor preponderante de esta situación, el conocer lo que piensa nuestra población sobre ello y que actitud y predisposición al cambio demuestra, aportaría información relevante para desarrollar estrategias de prevención. Objetivos: El objetivo fue comprender el significado, el valor y el alcance que los sujetos atribuyen al consumo de sal/sodio alimentario y sus actitudes y prácticas para el cambio en relación al consumo de sal/sodio en la alimentación. Materiales y métodos: se enmarcó en un proyecto cualitativo, que permitió indagar sobre los conocimientos y actitudes de las personas sobre el consumo de sal/ sodio alimentario, la adquisición de los productos a consumir y las condiciones para intentar un cambio de actitud y comportamiento. Resultados: fueron agrupados de acuerdo a las categorías y descriptores definidos según el problema de investigación. Conclusión: Esta investigación nos ha llevado a comprender mejor el pensamiento y la actitud hacia el consumo de sal de un grupo población muy importante, que son las mujeres, en quienes recae la tarea de comprar y cocinar para la familia. A través de la información obtenida se crea un abanico de posibilidades para intentar un cambio positivo y reforzar aquello que ya está encaminado.


Introduction: arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in our country, excessive salt consumption could be a major factor in this situation, knowing what our population thinks about it and the attitude and predisposition to change it, would provide relevant information to develop prevention strategies. Objectives: The objective was to understand the meaning, value and scope that the subjects attribute to the consumption of salt/sodium in the diet. Materials and methods: it was framed in a qualitative Project, which made it possible to inquire about people's knowledge and attitudes about the consumption of dietary salt/sodium, the acquisition of the products to consume and conditions to attempt a change in attitude and behavior. Results: they were grouped according to the categories and descriptors defined according to the research problem. Conclusion: this research has led us to better understand the thinking and attitude towards salt consumption of a very important population group, that are the woman, in whom falls the task of buying and cooking for the family. Through the information obtained, a range of possibilities is created to try a positive change and reinforce what is already underway.


Assuntos
Cloreto de Sódio , Hipertensão , Mulheres , Doença Crônica
12.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(6)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388181

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La tuberculosis (TBC) es una de las diez principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los casos de TBC del Departamento de Caaguazú-Paraguay, entre los años 2014 y 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, utilizando datos secundarios del Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis (PNCT). La población: 659 casos de TBC registrados en el PNCT. Las variables: edad, sexo, grupo poblacional, tipo de TBC, co-infección TBC/VIH, y categoría de egreso. Procesamos la base de datos en Excel 2016 © usando Stata 14.0®. Resultado: El 63,3% de los participantes fue del género masculino. La edad promedio fue de 35,8 años. El 39,6% eran indígenas y 14,5% fueron personas privadas de libertad (PPL) conocidos como reclusos. El 89,6% tuvo TBC pulmonar, 2,4% tuvo co-infección TBC/VIH. La tasa de incidencia fue superior a 21,6/100.000 habts en 2014. La incidencia en indígenas fue de 76,5/100.000 habts en 2017. La incidencia en PPL fue de 2.272,1/100.000 habitantes en 2017. Conclusión: La incidencia de TBC en el Departamento de Caaguazú es baja en la población general afectando principalmente a hombres, mientras que en la población indígena y PPL es alta.


Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Aim: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological point of view of TB cases reported in the Department of Caaguazú-Paraguay, from 2014 to 2017. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study; Population: 659 cases of TB registered in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP); variables: age, sex, population group, type of TB, TB/HIV coinfection. We procesed database in Excel 2016 © using Stata 14.0®. Results: 63.3% were of male gender, average age: 35.8 years, 39.6% were indigenous and 85.4% were liberty deprived persons known as inmates (LDP), 89.6% had pulmonary TB and 2,4% had TB/HIV coinfection. Incidence rate exceed 21.6/100,000 inhabitants in 2014. Indigenous incidence was 76.5/100,000 inhabitants in 2017, LDP incidence was 2,272.1/ 100,000 inhabitants in 2017. Conclusion: The incidence of TB in the Department of Caaguazú is low, mainly affecting men, while TB incidence in indigenous people and LDP was high.

13.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 44: e89, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32818034

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with the unsuccessful treatment of patients diagnosed with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) in Paraguay. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from the national program between January 2016 and March 2017. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as patients who were lost to follow-up, failed treatment, or died. Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were determined using Poisson regression; the adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by health region. RESULTS: A total of 3 034 cases were studied: 2 189 (72.1%) were successfully treated (cured: 1 221 [40.2%], complete treatment: 968 [31.9%]) and 845 (27.9%) were unsuccessfully treated (treatment failure: 40 [1.3%], loss to follow-up: 466 [15.4%] and deaths: 339 [11.2%]). Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were masculine sex 1.28 (1.14- 1.42), indigenous descent 1.3 (1.09- 1.54), lack of report of area of residence 1.27 (1.02- 1.57), TB/HIV coinfection 1.97 (1, 63- 2.38), illicit drug addiction 1.38 (1.16- 1.63), alcohol consumption 1.25 (1.02- 1.52), previous treatment 1.23 (1.10- 1.38) and lack of treatment monitoring data 4.92 (3.69- 6.56). Being deprived of liberty 0.65 (0.47- 0.89) and TB/diabetes comorbidity 0.80 (0.67- 0.95) were considered protective factors. CONCLUSION: Paraguay has a high percentage of unsuccessful treatment in almost the entire country, without reaching the target proposed by the World Health Organization. Associated risk factors such as HIV, consumption of legal and illicit drugs, and being indigenous highlight the need to revise the treatment strategies with an inter-institutional approach.

14.
Artigo em Espanhol | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-52561

RESUMO

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados con el tratamiento no exitoso en pacientes diagnosticados con tuberculosis (TB) sensible en Paraguay. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con datos recolectados del programa nacional entre enero de 2016 y marzo de 2017. Se definió tratamiento no exitoso como pacientes que se perdieron en el seguimiento, fracasaron en el tratamiento o fallecieron. Los factores asociados con tratamiento no exitoso se determinaron con regresión de Poisson; se estimó el riesgo relativo (RR) y el intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC95%) ajustados por región sanitaria. Resultados. Se estudiaron 3 034 casos: 2 189 (72,1%) tuvieron tratamiento exitoso (curados: 1 221 [40,2%], tratamiento completo: 968 [31,9%]) y 845 (27,9%) presentaron tratamiento no exitoso (fracaso: 40 [1,3%], pérdida de seguimiento: 466 [15,4%] y fallecidos: 339 [11,2%]). Los factores asociados a tratamiento no exitoso fueron hombres 1,28 (1,14- 1,42), indígenas 1,30 (1,09- 1,54), sin reporte de área de residencia 1,27 (1,02- 1,57), coinfección TB/VIH 1,97 (1,63- 2,38), adicción a drogas ilícitas 1,38 (1,16- 1,63), consumo de alcohol 1,25 (1,02- 1,52), ser previamente tratado 1,23 (1,10- 1,38) y sin datos de supervisión del tratamiento 4,92 (3,69- 6,56). Como factores protectores se consideran ser persona privada de libertad 0,65 (0,47- 0,89), así como la comorbilidad TB/diabetes 0,80 (0,67- 0,95). Conclusión. Paraguay presenta un alto porcentaje de tratamiento no exitoso en casi todo el país, sin alcanzar la meta propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los factores de riesgo asociados como infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), consumo de drogas licitas e ilícitas y el ser indígena revela que es necesario revisar las estrategias dirigidas con abordaje interinstitucional.


[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To determine the factors associated with the unsuccessful treatment of patients diagnosed with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) in Paraguay. Methods. Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from the national program between January 2016 and March 2017. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as patients who were lost to follow-up, failed treatment, or died. Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were determined using Poisson regression; the adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by health region. Results. A total of 3 034 cases were studied: 2 189 (72.1%) were successfully treated (cured: 1 221 [40.2%], complete treatment: 968 [31.9%]) and 845 (27.9%) were unsuccessfully treated (treatment failure: 40 [1.3%], loss to follow-up: 466 [15.4%] and deaths: 339 [11.2%]). Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were masculine sex 1.28 (1.14- 1.42), indigenous descent 1.3 (1.09- 1.54), lack of report of area of residence 1.27 (1.02- 1.57), TB/HIV coinfection 1.97 (1, 63- 2.38), illicit drug addiction 1.38 (1.16- 1.63), alcohol consumption 1.25 (1.02- 1.52), previous treatment 1.23 (1.10- 1.38) and lack of treatment monitoring data 4.92 (3.69- 6.56). Being deprived of liberty 0.65 (0.47- 0.89) and TB/diabetes comorbidity 0.80 (0.67- 0.95) were considered protective factors. Conclusion. Paraguay has a high percentage of unsuccessful treatment in almost the entire country, without reaching the target proposed by the World Health Organization. Associated risk factors such as HIV, consumption of legal and illicit drugs, and being indigenous highlight the need to revise the treatment strategies with an inter-institutional approach.


Assuntos
Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose , HIV , Grupos Populacionais , Paraguai , Fatores de Risco , HIV , Grupos Populacionais , Pesquisa Operacional
15.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 37(6): 750-755, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844816

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. AIM: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological point of view of TB cases reported in the Department of Caaguazú-Paraguay, from 2014 to 2017. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study; Population: 659 cases of TB registered in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP); variables: age, sex, population group, type of TB, TB/HIV coinfection. We procesed database in Excel 2016 © using Stata 14.0®. RESULTS: 63.3% were of male gender, average age: 35.8 years, 39.6% were indigenous and 85.4% were liberty deprived persons known as inmates (LDP), 89.6% had pulmonary TB and 2,4% had TB/HIV coinfection. Incidence rate exceed 21.6/100,000 inhabitants in 2014. Indigenous incidence was 76.5/100,000 inhabitants in 2017, LDP incidence was 2,272.1/ 100,000 inhabitants in 2017. CONCLUSION: The incidence of TB in the Department of Caaguazú is low, mainly affecting men, while TB incidence in indigenous people and LDP was high.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Tuberculose , Adulto , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
16.
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