Association between gingival tissue biotype and different facial phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the association between gingival tissue biotypes and different facial phenotypes. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the dental clinics of Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Gingival tissue biotypes were assessed and facial measurements recorded for 80 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Data are presented as numbers (percentages) for all categorical variables and mean ±â€¯standard deviation plus median (interquartile range) for all continuous variables. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed and a P-value ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant for all statistical tests. RESULTS: The age range of the participants was 21-40 years (mean 28.8 ±â€¯04.3), and the majority were males (65.0%). The thin gingival tissue biotype was found in 39 subjects (48.8%) while the thick gingival biotype was present in 41 subjects (51.2%). The majority of patients were mesoprosopic (41.2%), followed by those who were leptoprosopic (37.5%) and euryprosopic (21.3%). The thick gingival tissue biotype was more prevalent in 21-30-year-old patients. The mesoprosopic facial phenotype was significantly associated with presence of the thin gingival tissue biotype (odds ratio = 3.600, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the mesoprosopic facial phenotype was more likely to exhibit the thin gingival tissue biotype. The mesoprosopic facial phenotype was the most common facial phenotype of the subjects. The thick gingival tissue biotype was more prevalent in younger people.

Influence of platelet rich fibrin on post-extraction socket healing: A clinical and radiographic study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically, extraction socket healing using autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four subjects needing single tooth simple extractions were selected. Twenty-four extraction sockets were divided into test group (PRF, n = 12) and control group (blood clot, n = 12). PRF was prepared with blood drawn from individuals after extraction using standard technique. PRF was placed in test group sockets followed by pressure application and figure 8 sutures. Sockets in control group were allowed to heal in the presence of blood clot and received a figure 8 suture. Ridge width was assessed using cast analysis with the help of acrylic stent and a pair of calipers. Radiographic analysis of socket surface area was performed using computer graphic software program. The clinical follow up assessments were performed at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Collected data was assessed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Subjects were aged between 25 and 50 (mean 37.8) years, including 15 females. The mean horizontal ridge width for sockets in the test group were 11.70 ± 2.37 mm, 11.33 ± 2.30 mm and 10.97 ± 2.33 mm at 1, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Ridge width proportions were significantly higher among test group as compared to control group between baseline to 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The mean radiographic bone fill (RBF) percentage in the test group, was 74.05 ± 1.66%, 81.54 ± 3.33% and 88.81 ± 1.53% at 1, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The mean RBF was significantly higher in the test group than control group at all time intervals. CONCLUSION: The study outcomes demonstrate that the use of PRF accelerate socket wound healing after tooth extraction as noticed by increased bone fill and reduced alveolar bone width resorption using clinical and radiographic methods.

Detection of toxic elements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in smokers' and nonsmokers' teeth and investigation of periodontal parameters.

A laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) was built and optimized to detect levels of toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic present in the roots of extracted teeth of smokers and nonsmokers. Sixty extracted teeth from patients having a history of chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups of 30 teeth each for smoker and nonsmoker patients and, as controls, a third group of 30 patients who did not have a history of chronic periodontitis. The respective elemental concentration (Pb, Cd, and As) 23-29, 0.26-0. 31, and 0.64-11 ppm are for nonsmokers, 35-55, 0.33-0.51, and 0.91-1.5 ppm are for smokers, and lastly 0.17-0.31, 0.01-0.05, and 0.05-0.09 ppm are for control group. In order to test the validity of the results achieved using our LIBS system, a standard inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique was also applied for the analysis of the same teeth samples, and ICP results were found to be in excellent agreement with our LIBS results. In addition to this, the gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth were also recorded. Our LIBS spectroscopic analysis showed high levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentration on root surfaces of teeth, which may be due to CAL.