Rare peritoneal bands and recesses: incidental findings in a cadaveric dissection.

Variable arrangement of the visceral peritoneum would result in the formation of unexpected peritoneal bands and associated recesses. These could confound the unsuspecting clinician in both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the abdomen. It is thus imperative to be alert to the surprises the peritoneum may throw up and, however rare, abdominal conditions resulting from such aberrations must be kept in mind. Cadaveric dissection of an elderly female revealed a number of peritoneal anomalies. Apart from a cysto-duodenal extension of the lesser omentum, there was a bilaminar, avascular band passing from the inferior surface of the right lobe of liver to both the duodenum and the transverse colon. This anomalous band lay posterior to and distinct from the lesser omentum. The epiploic foramen was thus delimited by two unconventional folds. Further, the distal half of the transverse mesocolon failed to reach the posterior abdominal wall and instead formed an arched continuity with an aberrant mesentery of descending colon. An unusual type of peri-caecal recess was also present.

Dangerous course of the brachiocephalic trunk and variations of arteries in the cervical region - a cadaveric case report

The variant anatomy of the branches of the aortic arch is of profound surgical relevance. Altered course of these arteries, if unsuspected, could lead to accidental injury to these vessels and subsequent hemorrhage.During routine dissection of a sixty-five year old female cadaver of Indian origin, we observed a rare compendium of vascular variations in the anterior cervical region. These included a high arch of aorta, an abnormally wide brachiocephalic trunk overlapping the left half of the cervical trachea, pre-tracheal (sub-isthmic) course of right subclavian and common carotid arteries, unusual origin of the left sided superior thyroid artery from the left common carotid artery and an accessory inferior thyroid artery originating from the aortic arch. The subsequent course of the right subclavian artery, though normal, was higher than would be expected in the supra-clavicular region. The accessory inferior thyroid artery ran dangerously close to the left tracheal border before it entered the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe.The clinical relevance and probable embryogenesis of such variations have been discussed. We feel it is imperative that the clinician be aware of such arterial deviations (AU)

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Morphometric evaluation and a report on the aberrations of the foramina in the intermediate region of the human cranial base: A study of an Indian population

The study of the skull and its foramina is important to anatomists, anthropologists, forensic experts and clinicians. It provides an insight into the evolutionary history of humankind. The dimensions of the foramina and variations in the same are clinically significant in view of the delicate neurovascular structures that traverse them. The present study focuses on the foramina communicating the middle cranial fossa with the base of the human skull. The parameters include the frequency of occurrence of accessory foramina, exocranial dimensions, bilateral symmetry, dominance and any variations in the regular paired foramina, along with their distances from the median plane. Measurements were taken on fifty dried human skulls of Indian origin. The instrument used was a sliding Vernier caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Ethnicity being a cause of variation is an interesting concept and was kept in mind while reviewing the work of others along with the observations made in the present study. Some rare aberrations were noted. One skull showed an ossified pterygospinous ligament and another had a thin bony bar across the foramen ovale. Both findings were unilateral and both would probably cause pressure on the neurovascular structures traversing the foramen ovale with the resultant clinical manifestations. In one skull, the carotid canal was bilaterally absent and the foramina lacera of the same skull were rounded and smooth edged (AU)

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