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ABSTRACT Purpose: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. We aimed to identify baseline predictors of visual prognosis after intravitreal conbercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 58 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who were treated with intravitreal injections of conbercept 0.5 mg in routine clinical practice. Basic information such as age, sex, intraocular pressure, and disease course was collected. Best-corrected visual acuity, mean retinal sensitivity, and optical coherence tomography findings were recorded at baseline and 6 months after treatment. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of best-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after treatment. Results: After the 6-month treatment, the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.10 ± 0.42 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.41 ± 0.18 logMAR, the mean retinal sensitivity increased from 5.13 ± 0.86 dB to 7.32 ± 1.21 dB, the mean central retinal thickness decreased from 440.38 ± 61.05 μm to 260.01 ± 24.86 μm, and the total number of hyperreflective dots and the number of hyperreflective dots in each retina layer were significantly reduced as compared with those before treatment (all p<0.05). Twenty-two patients showed improved vision, and 36 had unimproved vision. Multivariate analyses revealed that the number of subretinal hyperreflective dots, the state of external limiting membrane, baseline best-corrected visual acuity, and age were independent predictors of best-corrected visual acuity (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Poor recovery of patients after intravitreal conbercept injection may be related to the number of subretinal hyperreflective dots, the state of external limiting membrane, baseline best-corrected visual acuity, and age, which may be used as predictors of short-term visual outcomes and should be fully evaluated before operation.

RESUMO Objetivo: A degeneração macular neovascular relacionada à idade é a principal causa de perda de visão em idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os preditores iniciais que afetam o prognóstico visual após a injeção intravítrea de combercepte para degeneração macular neovascular relacionada à idade. Métodos: Esta é uma revisão retrospectiva de 58 pacientes com degeneração macular neovascular relacionada à idade que foram tratados com injeções intravítreas de 0,5 mg de combercepte na prática clínica de rotina. Foram coletadas informações básicas, tais como idade, sexo, pressão intraocular e evolução da doença. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida, as sensibilidades retinianas médias e varreduras de tomografia de coerência óptica foram registradas no início do estudo e 6 meses após o tratamento. Foi efetuada uma análise de regressão logística para determinar os preditores independentes da melhor acuidade visual corrigida 6 meses após o tratamento. Resultados: Após 6 meses de tratamento, a média da acuidade visual melhor corrigida melhorou de 1,10 ± 0,42 para 0,41 ± 0,18 logMAR; as sensibilidades retinianas médias aumentaram de 5,13 ± 0,86 para 7,32 ± 1,21 dB; a espessura retiniana central média diminuiu de 440,38 ± 61,05 para 260,01 ± 24,86 μm; e os pontos hiper-reflexivos, tanto em números totais quanto em cada camada de retina, foram significativamente reduzidos em comparação com os valores de antes do tratamento (todos com p<0,05). Houve 22 pacientes com visão melhorada e 36 pacientes com visão não melhorada. As análises multivariadas mostraram que o número de pontos hiper-reflexivos sub-retinianos, o estado da membrana limitante externa, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida inicial e a idade foram preditores independentes para a melhor acuidade visual corrigida (todos com p<0,05). Conclusão: A má recuperação de pacientes após a injeção de combercepte intravítreo pode estar relacionada ao número de pontos hiper-reflexivos sub-retinianos, ao estado da membrana limitante externa, à acuidade visual corrigida inicial e à idade, parâmetros que podem ser usados como preditores de resultados visuais de curto prazo e devem ser totalmente avaliados antes da cirurgia.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. We aimed to identify baseline predictors of visual prognosis after intravitreal conbercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 58 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who were treated with intravitreal injections of conbercept 0.5 mg in routine clinical practice. Basic information such as age, sex, intraocular pressure, and disease course was collected. Best-corrected visual acuity, mean retinal sensitivity, and optical coherence tomography findings were recorded at baseline and 6 months after treatment. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of best-corrected visual acuity at 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: After the 6-month treatment, the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.10 ± 0.42 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.41 ± 0.18 logMAR, the mean retinal sensitivity increased from 5.13 ± 0.86 dB to 7.32 ± 1.21 dB, the mean central retinal thickness decreased from 440.38 ± 61.05 µm to 260.01 ± 24.86 µm, and the total number of hyperreflective dots and the number of hyperreflective dots in each retina layer were significantly reduced as compared with those before treatment (all p<0.05). Twenty-two patients showed improved vision, and 36 had unimproved vision. Multivariate analyses revealed that the number of subretinal hyperreflective dots, the state of external limiting membrane, baseline best-corrected visual acuity, and age were independent predictors of best-corrected visual acuity (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Poor recovery of patients after intravitreal conbercept injection may be related to the number of subretinal hyperreflective dots, the state of external limiting membrane, baseline best-corrected visual acuity, and age, which may be used as predictors of short-term visual outcomes and should be fully evaluated before operation.

RESUMO

Dysphania schraderiana is widely distributed in Lhasa (Tibet, China) and used as a traditional medicine. However, the lack of genetic information hinders the understanding of its physiological processes, such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Herein, we used Illumina Hiseq4000 platform to sequence the transcriptome of flower and leaf tissues from D. schraderiana for the first time. Totally, 40,142 unigenes were assembled from approximately 5.2 million clean reads. All unigenes underwent gene prediction and were subsequently annotated in a NR (NCBI non-redundant protein) database, COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins) database, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. Among the 40,142 unigenes, 2,579 genes were identified as differentially expressed between flowers and leaves, and used in further enrichment analysis. Also, 2,156 unigenes were annotated as transcription factors. Furthermore, our transcriptome analysis resulted in the identification of candidate unigenes annotated to enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. Taken together, this work has laid the foundation for the investigation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and other physiological processes of D. schraderiana.

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El edema quístico macular es, actualmente, una de las complicaciones posoperatorias más prevalentes después de la cirugía de cataratas. En no pocos casos acarrea una disminución en la agudeza visual posquirúrgica de los pacientes. Por la heterogeneidad de criterios diagnósticos, su incidencia ha sido reportada entre el 1 y el 30 por ciento. Con el objetivo de mostrar los resultados del uso de la dorzolamida en el edema quístico macular poscirugía de catarata se realizó la presente revisión de la literatura, mediante búsquedas en diferentes publicaciones relacionadas con la especialidad, en la que fueron utilizadas bases de datos de revistas líderes de Oftalmología de los últimos 10 años. Como la complicación posoperatoria más frecuente de la cirugía de catarata, puede traducirse con pérdida de la visión posoperatoria y cobra importancia el abordaje de aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento, específicamente los resultados de investigaciones que promueven en la actualidad el uso de inhibidores de la anhidrasa carbónica tópicos. En tal sentido, se muestra que la dorzolamida ha cobrado importancia como una opción de tratamiento, con resultados tangibles y pocos efectos adversos en comparación con el empleo sistémico de este grupo de medicamentos(AU)

Macular cystic edema is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications after cataract surgery, leading in many cases to a decrease of postsurgical visual acuity in the patients. Due to the heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria, its incidence has been reported between 1 percent and 30 percent. With the objetive to show the results of the use of dorzolamide in the macular cystic edema after cataract surgery, we was carried out through searches in different publications related to the specialty, using data from leading ophthalmology journals, from the last 10 years. As the most frequent postoperative complication of cataract surgery, that can be translated with loss of postoperative vision, it is important to address aspects related to treatment and specifically the results of research that currently promote the use of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. In this regard, dorzolamide has become important as a treatment option, with tangible results and few adverse effects compared with the systemic use of this group of drugs(AU)

RESUMO

El edema quístico macular es, actualmente, una de las complicaciones posoperatorias más prevalentes después de la cirugía de cataratas. En no pocos casos acarrea una disminución en la agudeza visual posquirúrgica de los pacientes. Por la heterogeneidad de criterios diagnósticos, su incidencia ha sido reportada entre el 1 y el 30 por ciento. Con el objetivo de mostrar los resultados del uso de la dorzolamida en el edema quístico macular poscirugía de catarata se realizó la presente revisión de la literatura, mediante búsquedas en diferentes publicaciones relacionadas con la especialidad, en la que fueron utilizadas bases de datos de revistas líderes de Oftalmología de los últimos 10 años. Como la complicación posoperatoria más frecuente de la cirugía de catarata, puede traducirse con pérdida de la visión posoperatoria y cobra importancia el abordaje de aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento, específicamente los resultados de investigaciones que promueven en la actualidad el uso de inhibidores de la anhidrasa carbónica tópicos. En tal sentido, se muestra que la dorzolamida ha cobrado importancia como una opción de tratamiento, con resultados tangibles y pocos efectos adversos en comparación con el empleo sistémico de este grupo de medicamentos(AU)

Macular cystic edema is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications after cataract surgery, leading in many cases to a decrease of postsurgical visual acuity in the patients. Due to the heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria, its incidence has been reported between 1 percent and 30 percent. With the objetive to show the results of the use of dorzolamide in the macular cystic edema after cataract surgery, we was carried out through searches in different publications related to the specialty, using data from leading ophthalmology journals, from the last 10 years. As the most frequent postoperative complication of cataract surgery, that can be translated with loss of postoperative vision, it is important to address aspects related to treatment and specifically the results of research that currently promote the use of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. In this regard, dorzolamide has become important as a treatment option, with tangible results and few adverse effects compared with the systemic use of this group of drugs(AU)

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diagnoses of HIV infection among children in the United States have been declining; however, a notable percentage of diagnoses are among those born outside the United States. The impact of foreign birth among children with diagnosed infections has not been examined in the United States. METHODS: Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National HIV Surveillance System, we analyzed data for children aged <13 years with diagnosed HIV infection ("children") in the United States (reported from 50 states and the District of Columbia) during 2008-2014, by place of birth and selected characteristics. RESULTS: There were 1516 children [726 US born (47.9%) and 676 foreign born (44.6%)]. US-born children accounted for 70.0% in 2008, declining to 32.3% in 2013, and 40.9% in 2014. Foreign-born children have exceeded US-born children in number since 2011. Age at diagnosis was younger for US-born than foreign-born children (0-18 months: 72.6% vs. 9.8%; 5-12 years: 16.9% vs. 60.3%). HIV diagnoses in mothers of US-born children were made more often before pregnancy (49.7% vs. 21.4%), or during pregnancy (16.6% vs. 13.9%), and less often after birth (23.7% vs. 41%). Custodians of US-born children were more often biological parents (71.9% vs. 43.2%) and less likely to be foster or nonrelated adoptive parents (10.4% vs. 55.1%). Of 676 foreign-born children with known place of birth, 65.5% were born in sub-Saharan Africa and 14.3% in Eastern Europe. The top countries of birth were Ethiopia, Ukraine, Uganda, Haiti, and Russia. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing number of foreign-born children with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States requires specific considerations for care and treatment.

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The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam were determined prospectively in 18 neonates with seizures. Neonates were found to have lower clearance, higher volume of distribution, and a longer half-life as compared with older children and adults. Mild somnolence was the only adverse effect.