Modulating red mud for the fabrication of cementitious material by analyzing the thermal evolution of hydrogarnets.

This work aims to develop a modulation strategy for converting red mud (RM) into cementitious material based on elucidating the phase transformation of hydrogarnet. The results show that cementitious minerals 2CaO·SiO2 (C2S), 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), and 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 (C4AF), as well as the free iron minerals Fe and FeO, are formed by integrating calcification dealkalization and reduction roasting treatment of RM. During the reduction roasting process, CaO is preferentially combined with SiO2 and Al2O3 to form cementitious minerals, and the Fe(III) compounds in hydrogarnet and hematite can be directly reduced to free iron minerals without intermediate ferrites. By optimizing the reduction roasting parameters and eliminating the useless minerals 2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2 (C2AS), and FeO, the reduction roasting product is mainly composed of C2S, C12A7, C4AF, and Fe. Therefore, cementitious material is obtained after the magnetic separation of Fe, which possesses both early and late hydration properties. In addition, 75% Fe in RM can be recovered, and the reduced iron powder (RIP) is also useful in the cement clinker production or steel smelting process. The findings in this work lay the foundations for understanding the phase transformation of RM-derived hydrogarnet in the reduction roasting process and also provide a new reference for the modulation and utilization of RM in the cement and concrete field.

Influence of deposition temperature on microstructure and gas-barrier properties of Al2O3 prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition on a polycarbonate substrate.

We prepared polymer-based encapsulation films by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of Al2O3 film on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate at 80-160 °C to fabricate Al2O3/PC barrier films. The thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the PC substrate, the structural evolution of PEALD Al2O3 films, the optical transmission, surface morphology, and gas-barrier properties of Al2O3/PC film are all studied in this work as a function of temperature. The glass transition temperature T g of the PC substrate is about 140 °C, and the coefficient of thermal expansion increases significantly when the temperature exceeds T g. Increasing the deposition temperature from 80 to 160 °C for Al2O3 film deposited over 300 cycles increases the density from 3.24 to 3.45 g cm-3, decreases the thickness from 44 to 40 nm, and decreases the O/Al content ratio from 1.525 to 1.406. Al2O3/PC films deposited at 80-120 °C have no surface cracks, whereas surface cracks appear in samples deposited near or above 140 °C. Upon increasing the deposition temperature, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of Al2O3/PC films decrease significantly at temperatures below T g, and then increase at temperatures near to or above T g due to cracks in the films. The optimal deposition temperature is 120 °C, and the minimum WVTR and OTR of Al2O3/PC film are 0.00132 g per (m2 24 h) and 0.11 cm3 per (m2 24 h 0.1 MPa), respectively. The gas-barrier properties of the Al2O3/PC films are attributed to both the densification of the Al2O3 film and the cracks, which are caused by the shrinkage of the PC substrate.

Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from water by Bacillus sp. Y2-7 with production of extracellular polymeric substances.

Bioremediation is an environmentally friendly technology for the treatment of chromium-contaminated sites. Here, a hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-resistant strain was isolated from oil-contaminated soil and designated as Bacillus sp. Y2-7 based on 16S rDNA sequence characterization. The effects of various factors including inoculation dose, pH value, glucose concentration, and temperature on Cr(VI) removal rates were then evaluated. Based on the response surface methodology, optimal Cr(VI) removal efficiency (above 90%) could be achieved at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 155.0 mg·L-1, glucose concentration of 11.479 g·L-1, and pH of 7.1. The potential removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) by strain Y2-7 were also supposed. The contents of polysaccharide and protein in extracellular polymer (EPS) of strain Y2-7 decreased slowly after cultured with Cr(VI) of 15 mg·L-1 from 1 to 7 days. We thus inferred that EPS bonded with Cr(VI) and underwent morphological changes in water. Molecular operating environment (MOE) analysis suggested that macromolecular protein complexes in Bacillus sp. Y2-7 and hexavalent chromium could establish hydrogen bonds. Collectively, our findings indicate that Bacillus sp. Y2-7 is an excellent bacterial candidate for chromium bioremediation.

Interpretation of Reflection and Colorimetry Characteristics of Indium-Particle Films by Means of Ellipsometric Modeling.

It is of great technological importance in the field of plasmonic color generation to establish and understand the relationship between optical responses and the reflectance of metallic nanoparticles. Previously, a series of indium nanoparticle ensembles were fabricated using electron beam evaporation and inspected using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The multi-oscillator Lorentz-Drude model demonstrated the optical responses of indium nanoparticles with different sizes and size distributions. The reflectance spectra and colorimetry characteristics of indium nanoparticles with unimodal and bimodal size distributions were interpreted based on the SE analysis. The trends of reflectance spectra were explained by the transfer matrix method. The effects of optical constants n and k of indium on the reflectance were demonstrated by mapping the reflectance contour lines on the n-k plane. Using oscillator decomposition, the influence of different electron behaviors in various indium structures on the reflectance spectra was revealed intuitively. The contribution of each oscillator on the colorimetry characteristics, including hue, lightness and saturation, were determined and discussed from the reflectance spectral analysis.

Exacerbation of psoriasis induced by Nivolumab in a patient with stage IIIc gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Nivolumab, the programmed cell death 1 inhibitor, is a kind of immune checkpoint inhibitor commonly used to treat advanced cancers. Unfortunately, such drugs often induce various immune-related adverse events involving different body systems, with psoriasis being one of the skin toxicities. We report the clinical features of an exacerbated psoriasis induced by using nivolumab after three days in a patient with stage IIIc gastric adenocarcinoma. At the same time, we searched 27 case reports published from 2015 to 2021 over the world and systematically summarized the clinical manifestation of a total of 44 cases with psoriasis caused or exacerbated by Nivolumab. Commonly traditional treatment could be useful, and small molecule drugs such as apremilast are effective among some patients. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologics or small molecule drugs in treating psoriasis induced by nivolumab.

Effects of co-exposure of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn on Phaeodactylum tricornutum photosynthesis and nutritional value.

Triazine herbicides are widely used in agricultural production, and large amounts of herbicide residue enter the ocean through surface runoff. In this study, the toxicities of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn (separately and mixed) to Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. The EC50 values of atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn were 28.38 µg L-1, 8.86 µg L-1, and 1.38 µg L-1, respectively. The EC50 of an equitoxic mixture of the three herbicides was 0.78 TU, indicating that they had synergistic effects. The equitoxic mixture accumulated in P. tricornutum, which damaged chloroplast and mitochondria structures and significantly decrease the biomass, levels of key cellular components (such as chlorophyll a (chl a), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, fatty acid content) and the effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII, ∆Fv/Fm). The mixture also downregulated key genes in the light response (PsbD, PetF), dark response (PGK, PRK), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (CS, ID, OGD, and MS) and fatty acid synthesis (FABB, SCD, and PTD9). P. tricornutum partially alleviates the effects of the mixture on photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis by upregulating PetD, PsaB, RbcL and FabI expression. The triazine herbicide mixture reduced the biomass and nutritional value of marine phytoplankton by inhibiting photosynthesis and energy metabolism.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail aquatic products in Nanjing, China.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, is one of the most frequently reported pathogenic microorganisms that causes foodborne illnesses worldwide. The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation ability (BFA) and genetic characterization of V. parahaemolyticus recovered from retail aquatic products in Nanjing, China. There were 131 samples (71.6%) that tested positive for V. parahaemolyticus. The thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene was found in two isolates (1.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that 46.6% of isolates were multidrug resistant. High resistance was observed to ampicillin (100%), cephalosporin (99.2%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (38.2%) and tetracycline (16.0%). Ten resistance patterns were found. The crystal violet staining assay showed that 35.1% had strong BFA, and 52.7% had intermediate BFA; notably, five (3.8%) extremely strong BFA strains were obtained from wet markets. According to whole genome sequencing analysis of 59 randomly selected isolates, 46 sequence types (STs) were identified, including 22 novel STs, and ST1042 was the dominant sequence type. It is clear that the V. parahaemolyticus population exhibits a high level of genetic variation. Our findings provide comprehensive insight into the prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic products, suggesting potential hazards to consumers in Nanjing.

An integrative non-invasive malignant brain tumors classification and Ki-67 labeling index prediction pipeline with radiomics approach.

BACKGROUND: The histological sub-classes of brain tumors and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of tumor cells are major factors in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment management of patients. Many existing studies primarily focused on the classification of two classes of brain tumors and the Ki-67LI of gliomas. This study aimed to develop a preoperative non-invasive radiomics pipeline based on multiparametric-MRI to classify-three types of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM), metastasis (MET) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and to predict their corresponding Ki-67LI. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 153 patients with malignant brain tumors were involved. The radiomics features were extracted from three types of MRI (T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI)) with three masks (tumor core, edema, and whole tumor masks) and selected by a combination of Pearson correlation coefficient (CORR), LASSO, and Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR) filters. The performance of six classifiers was compared and the top three performing classifiers were used to construct the ensemble learning model (ELM). The proposed ELM was evaluated in the training dataset (108 patients) by 5-fold cross-validation and in the test dataset (45 patients) by hold-out. The accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), F1-Score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) indicators evaluated the performance of the models. RESULTS: The best feature sets and ELM with the optimal performance were selected to construct the tri-categorized brain tumor aided diagnosis model (training dataset AUC: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); test dataset AUC: 0.93) and Ki-67LI prediction model (training dataset AUC: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98); test dataset AUC: 0.91). The CE-T1WI was the best single modality for all classifiers. Meanwhile, the whole tumor was the most vital mask for the tumor classification and the tumor core was the most vital mask for the Ki-67LI prediction. CONCLUSION: The developed radiomics models led to the precise preoperative classification of GBM, MET, and PCNSL and the prediction of Ki-67LI, which could be utilized in clinical practice for the treatment planning for brain tumors.

The Mediating Effect of Functional Health on the Relationship between Social Capital and Cognition among Chinese Older Adults.

This study evaluated the association between cognition and social capital among Chinese older adults and analyzed the mediating role of functional health in that interaction. The baseline and follow-up data were acquired from the 2011 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The sample included 6291 adults aged 55 years and above in 2011. The dimensions of social capital included social trust, social support, social participation, and reciprocity. Cognition was measured based on mental state and episodic memory. The Karlson-Holm-Breen method was employed to explore the association between social capital at the baseline and cognition four years later, and the mediating role of baseline functional health. There was a positive relationship between financial support (one of the social support variables) and reciprocity, and mental state (ß = 0.186, p = 0.00; ß = 0.306, p = 0.012). Furthermore, a positive relationship between social participation and episodic memory (ß = 0.129, p = 0.002) was observed. The mediating effect of functional health explained 7.7% of the total effect of social participation on episodic memory. These findings may contribute to research concerning the potential explanation of the association between social capital and cognition as well as interventions aimed at improving cognitive performance in older adults.

Combined metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanisms of Dracorhodin Perchlorate in treating diabetic foot ulcer rats.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe chronic complication of diabetes, that can result in disability or death. Dracorhodin Perchlorate (DP) is effective for treating DFU, but the potential mechanisms need to be investigated. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the acceleration of wound healing in DFU by the topical application of DP through the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods: A DFU rat model was established, and the rate of ulcer wound healing was assessed. Different metabolites were found in the skin tissues of each group, and MetaboAnalyst was performed to analyse metabolic pathways. The candidate targets of DP in the treatment of DFU were screened using network pharmacology. Cytoscape was applied to construct an integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Moreover, the obtained hub targets were validated using molecular docking. After the topical application of DP, blood glucose, the rate of wound healing and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. Results: The levels of IL-1, hs-CRP and TNF-α of the Adm group were significantly downregulated. A total of 114 metabolites were identified. These could be important to the therapeutic effects of DP in the treatment of DFU. Based on the network pharmacology, seven hub genes were found, which were partially consistent with the metabolomics results. We focused on four hub targets by further integrated analysis, namely, PAH, GSTM1, DHFR and CAT, and the crucial metabolites and pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrated that DP was well combined with the hub targets. Conclusion: Our research based on metabolomics and network pharmacology demonstrated that DP improves wound healing in DFU through multiple targets and pathways, and it can potentially be used for DFU treatment.

Percutaneous Release of the First Extensor Tendon Compartment in De Quervain's Disease by Acupotomy with US-Guidance: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: De Quervain's disease is a painful stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the hand affecting the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous first extensor compartment releases performed on embalmed cadaveric models by acupotomy operation with or without US guidance. Methods: Percutaneous release was performed with an acupotomy on 59 wrists of cadavers; 23 wrists were operated with US guidance, and 39 wrists were operated without US guidance. Each arm was dissected and assessed regarding the amount of release as well as the extent of neurovascular and tendon injury. Anatomical structures were also observed in this study. Results: Twenty cases (87%) were successfully released with ultrasound-assisted techniques, and 27 cases (75%) were successfully released with blind techniques. No neurovascular injury occurred in any arm, regardless of technique. No significant tendon injury was seen in any arm. Although minor surface scratches were visualized in 11 cases, they occurred in 3 cases (13.04%) with ultrasound assistance and in 8 cases (22.22%) with blind techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the measurement of the distance from the incision marks to the blood vessels and nerves. A fibrous septum and bony protrusions were found in the first dorsal compartment, which may be anatomical factors affecting the success of treatment. Conclusion: Both traditional and US-guided percutaneous release by acupotomy of the first extensor tendon compartment can be performed for all wrists. US-guided techniques can improve the success rate and reduce damage during acupotomy operations.

2D/2D Phosphorus-Doped g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalytic System for Tetracycline Hydrochloride (TC-HCl) Degradation.

Bi2WO6-based heterojunction photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation has been a research hotspot, but its photocatalytic performance needs to be further improved. Therefore, 2D/2D P-doped g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with different composition ratios were prepared through three strategies of phosphorus (P) element doping, morphology regulation, and heterojunction, and the efficiency of its degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) under visible light was studied. Their structural, optical, and electronic properties were evaluated, and their photocatalytic efficiency for TC-HCl degradation was explored with a detailed assessment of the active species, degradation pathways, and effects of humic acid, different anions and cations, and water sources. The 30% P-doped g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 had the best photocatalytic performance for TC-HCl degradation. Its photocatalytic rate was 4.5-, 2.2-, and 1.9-times greater than that of g-C3N4, P-doped g-C3N4, and Bi2WO6, respectively. The improved photocatalytic efficiency was attributed to the synergistic effect of P doping and 2D/2D direct Z-scheme heterojunction construction. The stability and reusability of the 30% P-doped C3N4/Bi2WO6 were confirmed by cyclic degradation experiments. Radical scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy showed that the main active species were •O2- and h+. This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of direct Z-scheme heterojunction catalysts with high catalytic performance.

Dietary supplementation with Tolypocladium sinense mycelium prevents dyslipidemia inflammation in high fat diet mice by modulation of gut microbiota in mice.

Obesity is a risk factor for many serious health problems, associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Prevention of obesity is especially important for human health. Tolypocladium sinense is one of the fungi isolated from Chinese caterpillar fungus, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with putative gut microbiota modulation effects. Here, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mice model, which was supplemented with lyophilized T. sinense mycelium (TSP) daily to evaluate its anti-obesity effects. The results indicated that TSP supplementation can effectively alleviate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels caused by obesity. TSP significantly prevented obesity and suppressed dyslipidemia by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver. TSP is also effective in preventing the HFD-induced decline in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. Gut microbiota profiling showed that TSP supplementation reversed HFD diet-induced bacterial abundance and also altered the metabolic pathways of functional microorganisms, as revealed by KEGG analysis. It is noteworthy that, correlation analysis reveals the up-regulated gut microbiota (Lactobacillus and Prevotella_9) are closely correlated with lipid metabolism parameters, gene expression of liver lipid metabolism and inflammatory. Additionally, the role of TSP in the regulation of lipid metabolism was reconfirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation. To sum up, our results provide the evidence that TSP may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent obesity by altering the gut microbiota, alleviating the inflammatory response and regulating gene expression of liver lipid metabolism.

Yeast Probiotic and Yeast Products in Enhancing Livestock Feeds Utilization and Performance: An Overview.

The intensive use of antibiotics as growth-promoting agents in animal production has resulted in the spread of animal antibiotic resistance and possibly human antibiotic resistance. Based on this premise, it is significant to explore an alternative approach to preventing infectious diseases and promoting animal growth and health. Yeast as the main natural growth promoter in livestock nutrition has been extensively studied for decades. Numerous yeasts and yeast-containing products are produced, marketed, and used in animal feed as providers of nutrient sources, probiotics, and nutrients or serve distinct nutritional functions. A large amount of scientific research suggests that yeasts and their derivatives may be good for animal growth performance and health, especially when animals are housed in poor sanitation or are suffering from disease. However, when yeasts are used as a surrogate for livestock antibiotics, the results vary according to several factors, including yeast species, yeast product components, feed ingredients, animal category, type of symptoms, and differences in the rearing environment. In this review, the effects of different yeasts on different animals will be reviewed. The types of widely used yeast products, their functional characteristics, and application effects will be discussed in order to provide a reference for the development and application of yeast feed products.

PEG-mediated hybrid hemostatic gauze with in-situ growth and tightly-bound mesoporous silicon.

Pre-hospital control of bleeding is critical to save lives, however the development of hemostatic agents with efficient and safe performance is still a challenge. In this study, a hybrid hemostatic gauze (MG-PEG) with in-situ growth and tightly bound mesoporous silicon (MSN) was prepared by template method for hemorrhage control. This material integrated meso-porosity, blood coagulation and stability into flexible gauze fiber. The PEG in MG-PEG was not only used as template for the in-suit MSN growth, but also acted as joint connection between the gauze fibers and MSN. The MSN particles were firmly bound to the surface of gauze fibers with extremely low leakage after 3 min of sonication and displayed a comparable coagulant activity to untreated sample. The results of animal experiments confirmed that MG-PEG possessed superior hemostatic performance over silicates-based inorganic hemostasis-Combat Gauze, in terms of higher coagulant activity (in vivo clotting time <200 s), minimized loss of active components (liquids OD was only 3 % of CG), well biocompatibility (hemolysis ratio < 5 %, no cytotoxicity) and wider indications range for practical application.

Generation of perfect optical vortex arrays by an optical pen.

Recently, perfect optical vortexes (POVs) have attracted substantial attention, because they have an orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the beam diameter is independent of the topological charges. There are numerous innovative results that have been found by modulating the POV optical field. However, methods for controlling the arbitrary parameters of POV are lacking. In this paper, we use the optical pen to overcome this problem. The optical pen is a high-precision optical field modulation method construction based on the relationship between the optical path difference and phase. Based on this method, we have achieved POV arrays with controllable arbitrary parameters in free space, including the spatial position, numbers, topological charges, beam diameter, and amplitude. This work can be applied not only in the fields of optical tweezers, particle manipulation, and super-resolution microscopic imaging, but also will promote the development of optical communication, quantum information coding, and so on.

Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Palladium(II) for Pollutants Degradation: A Study on Reaction Mechanism and Molecular Structural Characteristics.

Compared with certain transition metals (e.g., iron, cobalt, and manganese), noble metals are less frequently applied in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Palladium (Pd), as one of noble metals, has been reported to possess the possibility of both radical mechanisms and electron transfer mechanisms in a heterogeneous Pd/PMS system, however, data are still sparse on the homogeneous Pd/PMS system. Therefore, this work aims to explore the homogeneous reactivity of PMS by Pd(II) ions from the aspects of reaction parameters, radical or non-radical oxidation mechanisms, and the relationship between pollutants' degradation rate and their molecular descriptors based on both experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. As a result, the reaction mechanism of Pd(II)/PMS followed a radical-driven oxidation process, where sulfate radicals (SO4•-), rather than hydroxyl radicals (HO•), were the primary reactive oxidant species. BOx and EHOMO played significant roles in pollutant degradation during the Pd(II)/PMS system. It turned out that the bond's stability and electron donation ability of the target compound was responsible for its degradation performance. This finding provides an insight into PMS activation by a noble metal, which has significant implications for scientific research and technical development.

Identification and functional analysis of odorant-binding proteins provide new control strategies for Apolygus lucorum.

The green bug Apolygus lucorum is a notorious pest that feeds on multiple crops, including fruit trees, vegetables, and cotton. The odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are considered to perform crucial roles in regulating A. lucorum behaviors such as mating and feeding. In this study, we first identified OBPs in the A. lucorum genome. Then, we calculated the expression levels of these OBP genes in different tissues and stages. Thereafter, we conducted ligand-binding assay to test the interactions between nine selected AlucOBPs and multiple chemical compounds. The result showed that there were 31 OBP genes encoding 39 transcripts in the A. lucorum genome, and several OBP clusters were found. Comprehensive expression profiling revealed the tissue-specific expression of some OBP genes. The results of fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that these nine AlucOBPs could specifically bind to plant volatiles, nonvolatile compounds, and synthetic analogs thereof. Additionally, AlucOBP19 was suggested to function in gustatory sensing to avoid deleterious plant secondary metabolites, as AlucOBP19 showed high expression in the mouthparts and legs and could interact with quercetin. Our findings highlight the potential biotechnological application of plant volatiles and their synthetic analogs as ecological attractants and provide new gene targets for control of A. lucorum.

Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release using a needle knife: An anatomical study.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release using a needle knife. Methods: The author performed percutaneous A1 pulley release in 84 cadaveric hands fixed with 10% formalin. The cadaveric hands were divided into three groups: 28 hands in each group (group U: ultrasound-guided needle knife pushing group, group N: non-ultrasound-guided needle knife pushing group, group T: classical needle knife operation puncture group). Percutaneous A1 pulley release was performed, the soft tissue was dissected layer by layer, and the relevant anatomical data were measured. Results: The injured cases were as follows: group U, 29 (20.7%); group N, 36 (25.7%); and group T, 28 (20.0%). There is no significant difference between different tissue injury types in different intervention methods. The missed release cases were as follows: group U, 8 (5.7%); group N, 4 (2.9%); and group T, 13 (9.3%). The percentage of released A1 pulley were as follows: group U, 71.4% ± 30.7%; group N, 66.0% ± 20.3%; and group T, 61.0% ± 30.4%. The percentage of released A1 pulley of the three groups were compared: group U > group N > group T, and there was statistical difference between the three groups. The full release rates of the three groups were compared: group U(31.4%) > group N(15.7%) > group T(13.6%), and there were significant difference in the full release of A1 pulley between group U and group T, group N. Conclusion: Based on the cadaver specimen, the length and percentage of released A1 pulley is longer by ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release using a needle-knife. and there was no statistical difference in the injury rate between the three techniques. Type of Study and Clinical Relevance: Clinical anatomic study. To test the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release using a needle knife in cadaveric hands, and provide an anatomically based support in clinic.

Reversible Regulation of the Reactive Oxygen Species Level Using a Semiconductor Heterojunction.

Here, we proposed a novel solution for reversible regulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level using a semiconductor heterojunction. Two metal-based ROS scavengers containing n-type CeO2 nanoparticles and n-type Cu-doped diatom biosilica (Cu-DBs) were integrated by a hydrothermal method to form a typical n-n semiconductor heterojunction (Ce/Cu-DBs). Unlike the control of the ROS level by a single ROS scavenger or ROS-generating agent, Ce/Cu-DBs could quickly eliminate ROS by cascade catalytic reaction, which readily switched to ROS generation through a near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photocatalytic effect. This NIR mediated ROS regulation system provided a noninvasive strategy for reversible control of the ROS level in vitro and in vivo. The Ce/Cu-DBs could relieve cellular oxidative stress by clearing local excessive ROS while inhibiting bacterial growth by increasing ROS levels under NIR radiation. Benefiting from the reversible regulatory effect of Ce/Cu-DBs, programmable healing of infected wounds was realized via on-demand anti-infection and inflammation reduction. This work provided a general method with highly spatiotemporal resolution to a remote and sustainable control ROS level, which had great potential for the biomedical field and regulation of chemical reactions.