RESUMO
A short, scalable total synthesis of meayamycin is described by an approach that entails a longest linear sequence of 12 steps (22 steps overall) from commercially available chiral pool materials (ethyl l-lactate, BocNH-Thr-OH, and d-ribose) and introduces the most straightforward preparation of the right-hand subunit detailed to date. The use of the approach in the divergent synthesis of a representative series of O-acyl analogues is exemplified.
RESUMO
Uncialamycin is one of the structurally simpler and newer members of enediyne family of natural products. It exhibits highly potent activity against several types of bacteria and cancer cells. Described herein is a strategy for the targeted delivery of this cytotoxic agent to tumors using an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approach. Central to the design of ADC were the generation of potent and chemically stable uncialamycin analogues and attachment of protease cleavable linkers to newly realized phenolic handles to prepare linker-payloads. Conjugation of the linker-payloads to tumor targeting antibody, in vitro activity and in vivo evaluation are presented.
RESUMO
The multifunctional cytokine TGFß plays a central role in regulating antitumor immunity. It has been postulated that inhibition of TGFß signaling in concert with checkpoint blockade will provide improved and durable immune response against tumors. Herein, we describe a novel series of 4-azaindole TGFß receptor kinase inhibitors with excellent selectivity for TGFß receptor 1 kinase. The combination of compound 3f and an antimouse-PD-1 antibody demonstrated significantly improved antitumor efficacy compared to either treatment alone in a murine tumor model.
RESUMO
A novel series of o-phenylenediamine-based inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been identified. IDO is a heme-containing enzyme, overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment of many cancers, which can contribute to the suppression of the host immune system. Synthetic modifications to a previously described diarylether series resulted in an additional degree of molecular diversity which was exploited to afford compounds that demonstrated significant potency in the HeLa human cervical cancer IDO1 assay. .
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Fenilenodiaminas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Fenilenodiaminas/síntese química , Fenilenodiaminas/química , Fenilenodiaminas/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Macrocyclic pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers were designed and evaluated for use as antibody-drug conjugate payloads. Initial structure-activity exploration established that macrocyclization could increase the potency of PBD dimers compared with non-macrocyclic analogs. Further optimization overcame activity-limiting solubility issues, leading to compounds with highly potent (picomolar) activity against several cancer cell lines. High levels of in vitro potency and specificity were demonstrated with an anti-mesothelin conjugate.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Anticorpos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Benzodiazepinas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dimerização , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Solubilidade , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) in the brain. In particular, the 42-amino acid form, Aß1-42, is thought to play a key role in the disease. It is therefore of interest that diverse compounds, known as γ-secretase modulators (GSM), can selectively decrease Aß1-42 production without inhibiting the production of other forms of Aß. Here we describe the novel discovery of synergistic inhibition of Aß by certain combinations of GSMs. Cell cultures were treated with pairwise combinations of GSMs to determine how Aß peptide production was affected. Analysis of isobolograms and calculation of the combination index showed that BMS-869780 and GSM-2 were highly synergistic. Additional combinations of GSMs revealed that inhibition of Aß occurred only when one GSM was of the "acid GSM" structural class and the other was of the "non-acid GSM" class. A total of 15 representative acid/non-acid GSM combinations were shown to inhibit Aß production, whereas 10 pairwise combinations containing two acid GSMs or containing two non-acid GSMs did not inhibit Aß. We also discovered that lasalocid, a natural product, is a potent GSM. Lasalocid is unique in that it did not synergize with other GSMs. Synergism did not translate in vivo perhaps because of biochemical differences between the cell culture model and brain. These findings reinforce the pharmacological differences between different structural classes of GSMs, and may help to exploit the potential of γ-secretase as a drug target.
Assuntos
Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/biossíntese , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/biossíntese , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Acetatos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Camundongos , Piperidinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The discovery of a series of structurally-novel biaryl urea IDO inhibitors is described. Optimization of a micromolar hit through iterative cycles of synthesis and screening in an assay measuring IDO-mediated intracellular conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine led to potent inhibitors with favorable selectivity and metabolic stability profiles.
Assuntos
Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ureia/farmacologia , Animais , Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntese química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Células HeLa , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Ureia/químicaRESUMO
This letter describes the discovery, synthesis, SAR, and biological activity of [2.2.1]-bicyclic sultams as potent antagonists of the androgen receptor. Optimization of the series led to the identification of compound 25, which displayed robust pharmacodynamic effects in rats after oral dosing.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/química , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/farmacologia , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/química , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Naftalenossulfonatos/química , Naftalenossulfonatos/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/farmacocinética , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/administração & dosagem , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacocinética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Naftalenossulfonatos/administração & dosagem , Naftalenossulfonatos/farmacocinética , Ratos , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Efforts to identify a potent, reversible, nonsteroidal CYP17A1 lyase inhibitor with good selectivity over CYP17A1 hydroxylase and CYPs 11B1 and 21A2 for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) culminated in the discovery of BMS-351 (compound 18), a pyridyl biaryl benzimidazole with an excellent in vivo profile. Biological evaluation of BMS-351 at a dose of 1.5 mg in castrated cynomolgus monkeys revealed a remarkable reduction in testosterone levels with minimal glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid perturbation. Based on a favorable profile, BMS-351 was selected as a candidate for further preclinical evaluation.
RESUMO
BMS-641988 (23) is a novel, nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist designed for the treatment of prostate cancer. The compound has high binding affinity for the AR and acts as a functional antagonist in vitro. BMS-641988 is efficacious in multiple human prostate cancer xenograft models, including CWR22-BMSLD1 where it displays superior efficacy relative to bicalutamide. Based on its promising preclinical profile, BMS-641988 was selected for clinical development.
RESUMO
Cellular levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are elevated in multiple human cancers and their activities often play a part in promoting cancer cell survival by blocking apoptotic pathways, controlling signal transduction pathways and contributing to resistance. These proteins function through interactions of their BIR (baculoviral IAP repeat) protein domains with pathway components and these interactions are endogenously antagonized by Smac/Diablo (second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct IAP binding protein with low isoelectric point). This report describes development of synthetic smac mimetics (SM) and compares their binding, antiproliferative and anti-tumor activities. All dimeric antagonists inhibit in vitro smac tetrapeptide binding to recombinant IAP proteins, rescue IAP-bound caspase-3 activity and show anti-proliferative activity against human A875 melanoma cells. One heterodimeric SM, SM3, binds tightly to IAP proteins in vitro and slowly dissociates (greater than two hours) from these protein complexes compared to the other antagonists. In addition, in vitro SM anti-proliferation potency is influenced by ABCB1 transporter (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B; MDR1, P-gp) activities and one antagonist, SM5, does not appear to be an ABCB1 efflux pump substrate. All dimeric smac mimetics inhibit the growth of human melanoma A875 tumors implanted in athymic mice at well-tolerated doses. One antagonist, SM4, shows broad spectrum in vivo anti-tumor activity and modulates known pharmacodynamic markers of IAP antagonism. These data taken together demonstrate the range of diverse dimeric IAP antagonist activities and supports their potential as anticancer agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Mitocondriais/antagonistas & inibidores , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Biomimética/métodos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A series of dimeric macrocyclic compounds were prepared and evaluated as antagonists for inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. The most potent analogue 11, which binds to XIAP and c-IAP proteins with high affinity and induces caspase-3 activation and ultimately cell apoptosis, inhibits growth of human melanoma and colorectal cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, compound 11 demonstrated significant antitumor activity in the A875 human melanoma xenograft model at doses as low as 2 mg/kg on a q3d schedule.
RESUMO
Structure-activity relationships in a series of (2-oxo-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-succinamides identified highly potent inhibitors of γ-secretase mediated signaling of Notch1/2/3/4 receptors. On the basis of its robust in vivo efficacy at tolerated doses in Notch driven leukemia and solid tumor xenograft models, 12 (BMS-906024) was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.
RESUMO
This Letter describes synthesis, SAR, and biological activity of (2-oxo-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-succinamides as inhibitors of γ-secretase mediated signaling of Notch receptors. Optimization of this series led to the identification of BMS-871 (compound 30) which displayed robust in vivo efficacy in Notch-dependent leukemia and solid tumor xenograft models.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzodiazepinonas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinonas/farmacologia , Receptores Notch/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Benzodiazepinonas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The prominent role of IAPs in controlling cell death and their overexpression in a variety of cancers has prompted the development of IAP antagonists as potential antitumor therapies. We describe the identification of a series of heterodimeric antagonists with highly potent antiproliferative activities in cIAP- and XIAP-dependent cell lines. Compounds 15 and 17 further demonstrate curative efficacy in human melanoma and lung cancer xenograft models and are promising candidates for advanced studies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Prolina/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Prolina/síntese química , Prolina/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) aim to take advantage of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs selectively to antigen-expressing tumor cells. Despite the simple concept, various parameters must be considered when designing optimal ADCs, such as selection of the appropriate antigen target and conjugation method. Each component of the ADC (the antibody, linker and drug) must also be optimized to fully realize the goal of a targeted therapy with improved efficacy and tolerability. Advancements over the past several decades have led to a new generation of ADCs comprising non-immunogenic mAbs, linkers with balanced stability and highly potent cytotoxic agents. Although challenges remain, recent clinical success has generated intense interest in this therapeutic class.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/química , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/química , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/imunologia , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Previsões , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
Tau is a microtubule (MT)-stabilizing protein that is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. It is hypothesized that the hyperphosphorylated, conformationally altered, and multimeric forms of tau lead to a disruption of MT stability; however, direct evidence is lacking in vivo. In this study, an in vivo stable isotope-mass spectrometric technique was used to measure the turnover, or dynamicity, of MTs in brains of living animals. We demonstrated an age-dependent increase in MT dynamics in two different tau transgenic mouse models, 3xTg and rTg4510. MT hyperdynamicity was dependent on tau expression, since a reduction of transgene expression with doxycycline reversed the MT changes. Treatment of rTg4510 mice with the epothilone, BMS-241027, also restored MT dynamics to baseline levels. In addition, MT stabilization with BMS-241027 had beneficial effects on Morris water maze deficits, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, pathological and functional benefits of BMS-241027 were observed at doses that only partially reversed MT hyperdynamicity. Together, these data suggest that tau-mediated loss of MT stability may contribute to disease progression and that very low doses of BMS-241027 may be useful in the treatment of AD and other tauopathies.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Epotilonas/uso terapêutico , Microtúbulos/patologia , Degeneração Neural/tratamento farmacológico , Tauopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Moduladores de Tubulina/uso terapêutico , Proteínas tau/fisiologia , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/psicologia , Epotilonas/farmacologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/patologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microtúbulos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tauopatias/complicações , Tauopatias/genética , Tauopatias/patologia , Tauopatias/psicologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Proteínas tau/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas tau/biossíntese , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
In the presence of AlMe(3), amines can be directly coupled with acids through dimethylaluminum amide intermediates to form the corresponding amides. A wide range of amines and acids including less nucleophilic amines, bulky amines, unprotected secondary amino acids, and acids with poor solubility were coupled smoothly to give the desired products in 55-98% yields.
Assuntos
Ácidos/química , Alumínio/química , Amidas/síntese química , Aminas/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
A novel series of 5-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amines with small aniline substituents at the C4 position were optimized for dual EGFR and HER2 protein tyrosine kinase inhibition. Compound 8l exhibited promising oral efficacy in both EGFR and HER2-driven human tumor xenograft models.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/uso terapêutico , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/farmacocinética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/farmacologia , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacocinética , Pirróis/farmacologia , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Triazinas/química , Triazinas/farmacocinética , Triazinas/farmacologia , Triazinas/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Efficient regioselective syntheses of conjugates of folic acid and cytotoxic agents derived from natural epothilones are described. These folate receptor (FR) targeting compounds are water soluble and incorporate a hydrophilic peptide-based spacer unit and a reducible self-immolative disulfide-based linker system between the FR-targeting ligand and the parent drug.