Psychroflexus aurantiacus sp. nov., isolated from soil in the Yellow River Delta wetlands.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, orange-coloured bacterium, designated YR1-1T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Yellow River Delta wetlands (PR China). Growth was observed at a salinity of 1.0-15.0 % NaCl, 4-45 °C and pH 6.0-9.0. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YR1-1T represented a member of the genus Psychroflexus, with the highest sequence similarity to Psychroflexus sediminis YIM-C238T (97.9 %), followed by Psychroflexus aestuariivivens (97.1 %) and Psychroflexus torquis (96.4 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between YR1-1T and other closely related type strains of species of the genus Psychroflexus were 68.7-86.3% and 17.8-30.9 %. The genome of the strain was 2 899 374 bp in length with 39.8 % DNA G+C content. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that YR1-1T represents a novel species within the genus Psychroflexus, for which the name Psychroflexus aurantiacus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YR1-1T (=KCTC 72794T=CGMCC 1.17458T).

Paucihalobacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a haloalkaline lake sediment sample.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CWB-1T, was isolated from a haloalkaline lake sediment sample collected from the bottom of Chaiwopu Lake, Urumchi, Xinjiang Province, PR China. Strain CWB-1T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C), pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and with 0.5-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5-3.0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the whole genome sequence both revealed that strain CWB-1T belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae. The strain had the highest similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence to Psychroserpens jangbogonensis PAMC 27130T (92.8 %). The genome of strain CWB-1T was 3 548 011 bp long with 36.3 % DNA G+C content. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) in the CWB-1T cells were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 1 (iso-C15 : 1 H/C13 : 0 3-OH). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, as well as the phenotypic characteristics, a novel genus and species of the family Flavobacteriaceae, Paucihalobacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CWB-1T (=KCTC 72450T=CGMCC 1.17149T).

Deinococcus terrestris sp. nov., a gamma ray- and ultraviolet-resistant bacterium isolated from soil.

Strain SDU3-2T was isolated from a soil sample collected in Shandong Province, PR China. Cells of SDU3-2T were spherical, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and non-motile. Cellular growth of the strain occurred at 25-45 °C, pH 5.5-8.5 and with 0-1.5 % (w/v) of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SDU3-2T was closest to the type strain Deinococcus murrayi ALT-1bT with a similarity of 95.2 %. The draft genome was 3.49 Mbp long with 69.2 mol% G+C content. Strain SDU3-2T exhibited high resistance to gamma radiation (D10 >12 kGy) and UV (D10 >900 J m-2). The strain encoded many genes for resistance to radiation and oxidative stress, which were highly conserved with other Deinococcus species, but possessed interspecific properties. The major fatty acids of SDU3-2T cells were C15 : 1 ω6c, C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c, and C17 : 1 ω8c, the major menaquinone was menaquinone-8, and the major polar lipids were an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization results further indicated that strain SDU3-2T represents a new species in the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus terrestris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDU3-2T (=CGMCC 1.17147T=KCTC 43098T).