ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE (AOS) induces petal senescence through a novel JA-associated regulatory pathway in Arabidopsis.

Flowers are crucial for the reproduction of flowering plants and their senescence has drastic effects on plant-animal interactions as well as pollination. Petal senescence is the final phase of flower development which is regulated by hormones and genes. Among these, jasmonic acid (JA) has emerged as a major contributor to petal senescence, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the role of JA in petal senescence in Arabidopsis was investigated. We showed that petal senescence in aos mutant was significantly delayed, which also affected petal cell size and proliferation. Similar significant delays in petal senescence were observed in dad1 and coi1 mutants. However, MYB21/24 and MYC2/3/4, known downstream regulators of JA in flower development, played no role in petal senescence. This indicated that JA regulates petal senescence by modulating other unknown transcription factors. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that AOS altered the expression of 3681 genes associated, and identified groups of differentially expressed transcription factors, highlighting the potential involvement of AP-2, WRKY and NAC. Furthermore, bHLH13, bHLH17 and URH2 were identified as potential new regulators of JA-mediated petal senescence. In conclusion, our findings suggest a novel genetic pathway through which JA regulates petal senescence in Arabidopsis. This pathway operates independently of stamen development and leaf senescence, suggesting the evolution of specialized mechanisms for petal senescence. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01425-w.

Bisphenol Z exposure inhibits oocyte meiotic maturation by rupturing mitochondrial function.

The use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been restricted due to its endocrine-disrupting effects. As a widely used alternative to BPA today, environmental levels of bisphenol Z (BPZ) continue to rise and accumulate in humans. Oocyte quality is critical for a successful pregnancy. Nevertheless, the toxic impacts of BPZ on the maturation of mammalian oocytes remain unexplored. Therefore, the impacts of BPZ and BPA on oocyte meiotic maturation were compared in an in vitro mouse oocyte culture model. Exposure to 150 µM of both BPZ and BPA disrupted the assembly of the meiotic spindle and the alignment of chromosomes, and BPZ exerted stronger toxicological effects than BPA. Furthermore, BPZ resulted in aberrant expression of F-actin, preventing the formation of the actin cap. Mechanistically, BPZ exposure disrupted the mitochondrial localization pattern, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content, leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Further studies revealed that BPZ exposure resulted in oxidative stress and altered expression of genes associated with anti-oxidative stress. Moreover, BPZ induced severe DNA damage and triggered early apoptosis in oocytes, accompanied by impaired lysosomal function. Overall, the data in this study suggest that BPZ is not a safe alternative to BPA. BPZ can trigger early apoptosis by affecting mitochondrial function and causing oxidative stress and DNA damage in oocytes. These processes disrupt cytoskeletal assembly, arrest the cell cycle, and ultimately inhibit oocyte meiotic maturation.

Assessment of the correlation between supracrestal gingival tissue dimensions and other periodontal phenotypes components via the digital registration method: a cross­sectional study in a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Supracrestal gingival tissue dimensions (SGTDs) has been considered to be an essential element of periodontal phenotype (PP) components. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SGTDs and other PP components by digital superposition method that integrated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with intraoral scanning. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Stomatology Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained from the digital scanner (TRIOS 3, 3Shape, Denmark) and CBCT images were imported into the TRIOS software (Implant Studio, 3Shape, Denmark) for computing relevant parameters. The significant level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 83 participants with 498 maxillary anterior teeth were finally included. The mean values of supracrestal gingival height (SGH) and the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the crest of the alveolar ridge (CEJ-ABC) on the buccal site were significantly higher than palatal SGH (SGH-p) and palatal CEJ-ABC (CEJ-ABC-p). Men exhibited taller CEJ-ABC and SGH-p than women. Additionally, tooth type was significantly associated with the SGH, SGH-p and CEJ-ABC-p. Taller SGH was associated with wider crown, smaller papilla height (PH), flatter gingival margin, thicker bone thickness (BT) and gingival thickness (GT) at CEJ, the alveolar bone crest (ABC), and 2 mm apical to the ABC. Smaller SGH-p displayed thicker BT and GT at CEJ, the ABC, and 2 and 4 mm apical to the ABC. Higher CEJ-ABC showed lower interproximal bone height, smaller PH, flatter gingival margin, thinner GT and BT at CEJ, and 2 mm apical to the ABC. Smaller CEJ-ABC-p displayed thicker BT at CEJ and 2 and 4 mm apical to the ABC. On the buccal, thicker GT was correlated with thicker BT at 2 and 4 mm below the ABC. CONCLUSION: SGTDs exhibited a correlation with other PP components, especially crown shape, gingival margin and interdental PH. The relationship between SGTDs and gingival and bone phenotypes depended on the apico-coronal level evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Stomatology Hospital of Fujian Medical University (approval no. 2023-24).

Association of atopic dermatitis and headache disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that headache disorders and atopic dermatitis share similar pathological mechanisms and risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for headache disorders in patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases from inception to December 1, 2023, for observational studies that examined risk of migraine in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models. Results: Ten studies with 12,717,747 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that patients with atopic dermatitis were associated with a higher risk of headache disorder (OR, 1.46, 95% CI = 1.36-1.56; P < 0.001; I2 = 98%) or migraine (OR, 1.32, 95% CI = 1.18-1.47; P < 0.001; I2 = 98.9%). Most of the results of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the overall results. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that atopic dermatitis is a potential risk indicator for headache disorder or migraine. Further studies are still needed to verify our findings due to the substantial heterogeneity in our analyses.

Case report: Treatment of two cases of recurrent/refractory early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with venetoclax combined with the CAG regimen.

Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a highly aggressive subtype of T-ALL. No standard chemotherapy regimen exists for patients with recurrent/refractory (R/R) ETP-ALL; in these patients, the primary goal of salvage therapy is to achieve remission as a foundation for consolidation and intensification treatments. This study reports cases of two patients with R/R ETP-ALL who underwent salvage therapy of venetoclax combined with the CAG regimen and achieved complete remission in the bone marrow. Flow cytometry results were negative for minimal residual disease. Both patients were bridged to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and in complete remission over a 3-year follow-up period. These cases show that the use of venetoclax combined with the CAG regimen may offer patients with R/R ETP-ALL an opportunity for allogeneic HSCT.

Discovery and vertical transmission analysis of Dabieshan Tick Virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from Chengde, China.

Introduction: Ticks are important blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens, posing significant threats to the wellbeing of humans and livestock. Dabieshan tick virus (DBTV) was initially discovered in 2015 in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from the Dabieshan mountain region in Hubei Province, China. In recent years, DBTV has been discovered in various regions of China, including Shandong, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces. However, the researches on tick-borne transmission of DBTV are scarce. Methods: This study utilized the small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) method to identify tick-associated viruses in ticks collected from Chengde in Hebei Province and Yongcheng in Henan Province, leading to the discovery of a new DBTV strain in Hebei. The complete coding genome of DBTV Hebei strain was obtained through RNA-seq and Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the transmission experiment of DBTV in H. longicornis was examined in laboratory for the first time. Results: DBTV was detected in newly molted adult H. longicornis ticks collected in Chengde, Hebei Province. Additionally, DBTV was also detected in both unfed nymphs and engorged females of H. longicornis collected from Chengde, with a positive rate of 20% and 56.25%, respectively. The complete coding genome of DBTV (OP682840 and OP716696) were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DBTV Hebei strain clustered with previously reported DBTV strains. Furthermore, this virus was observed in engorged females, eggs, and larvae of the subsequent generation. Discussion: It is necessary to expand the scope of DBTV investigation, particularly in northern China. This study demonstrated that DBTV can be transmitted from engorged females to larvae of the next generation. Moreover, the detection of DBTV in unfed nymphs and adults (which moulted from engorged nymphs) collected from the filed of Chengde suggests that H. longicornis serves as a potential transmission host and reservoir for DBTV through transstadial and transovarial transmission. However, there remains a lack of research on the isolation and pathogenicity of DBTV, highlighting the need for further studies to mitigate potential harm to the health of animals and humans.

Quercetin and tanshinone prevent mitochondria from oxidation and autophagy to inhibit KGN cell apoptosis through the SIRT1/SIRT3-FOXO3a axis.

Granulosa cells are somatic cells located inside follicles that play a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles. Quercetin and tanshinone are two key monomers in traditional Chinese medicine that have antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The KGN cell apoptosis model caused by triptolide (TP) was employed in this work to investigate granulosa cell death and medication rescue. Quercetin and tanshinone therapy suppressed KGN cell death and oxidation while also regulating the expression of critical apoptosis and oxidation-related markers such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Further research revealed that the effects of Quercetin and Tanshinone were accomplished via deacetylation of FOXO3A in the cytoplasm and mitochondria via the SIRT1/SIRT3-FOXO3a axis. In summary, Quercetin and tanshinone protect KGN cells from apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial apoptosis and oxidation via the SIRT1/SIRT3-FOXO3a axis.

Changes in disease burden and global inequalities in bladder, kidney and prostate cancers from 1990 to 2019: a comparative analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019.

BACKGROUND: Bladder, kidney and prostate cancers make significant contributors to cancer burdens. Exploring their cross-country inequalities may inform equitable strategies to meet the 17 sustainable development goals before 2030. METHODS: We analyzed age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (ASDALY) rates for the three cancers based on Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. We quantified the inequalities using slope index of inequality (SII, absolute measure) and concentration index (relative measure) associated with national sociodemographic index. RESULTS: Varied ASDALY rates were observed in the three cancers across 204 regions. The SII decreased from 35.15 (95% confidence interval, CI: 29.34 to 39.17) in 1990 to 15.81 (95% CI: 7.99 to 21.79) in 2019 for bladder cancers, from 78.94 (95% CI: 75.97 to 81.31) in 1990 to 59.79 (95% CI: 55.32 to 63.83) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 192.27 (95% CI: 137.00 to 241.05) in 1990 to - 103.99 (95% CI: - 183.82 to 51.75) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Moreover, the concentration index changed from 12.44 (95% CI, 11.86 to 12.74) in 1990 to 15.72 (95% CI, 15.14 to 16.01) in 2019 for bladder cancer, from 33.88 (95% CI: 33.35 to 34.17) in 1990 to 31.13 (95% CI: 30.36 to 31.43) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 14.61 (95% CI: 13.89 to 14.84) in 1990 to 5.89 (95% CI: 5.16 to 6.26) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Notably, the males presented higher inequality than females in both bladder and kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Different patterns of inequality were observed in the three cancers, necessitating tailored national cancer control strategies to mitigate disparities. Priority interventions for bladder and kidney cancer should target higher socioeconomic regions, whereas interventions for prostate cancer should prioritize the lowest socioeconomic regions. Additionally, addressing higher inequality in males requires more intensive interventions among males from higher socioeconomic regions.

Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit difficulties deficits in recognizing facial expressions with unambiguous valence. However, only a limited number of studies have examined how these patients fare in interpreting facial expressions with ambiguous valence (for example, surprise). Thus, we aimed to explore the influence of emotional background information on the recognition of ambiguous facial expressions in SCZ. METHODS: A 3 (emotion: negative, neutral, and positive) × 2 (group: healthy controls and SCZ) experimental design was adopted in the present study. The experimental materials consisted of 36 images of negative emotions, 36 images of neutral emotions, 36 images of positive emotions, and 36 images of surprised facial expressions. In each trial, a briefly presented surprised face was preceded by an affective image. Participants (36 SCZ and 36 healthy controls (HC)) were required to rate their emotional experience induced by the surprised facial expressions. Participants' emotional experience was measured using the 9-point rating scale. The experimental data have been analyzed by conducting analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and correlation analysis. RESULTS: First, the SCZ group reported a more positive emotional experience under the positive cued condition compared to the negative cued condition. Meanwhile, the HC group reported the strongest positive emotional experience in the positive cued condition, a moderate experience in the neutral cued condition, and the weakest in the negative cue condition. Second, the SCZ (vs. HC) group showed longer reaction times (RTs) for recognizing surprised facial expressions. The severity of schizophrenia symptoms in the SCZ group was negatively correlated with their rating scores for emotional experience under neutral and positive cued condition. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of surprised facial expressions was influenced by background information in both SCZ and HC, and the negative symptoms in SCZ. The present study indicates that the role of background information should be fully considered when examining the ability of SCZ to recognize ambiguous facial expressions.

Resummation of Next-to-Leading Nonglobal Logarithms at the LHC.

In cross sections with angular cuts, an intricate pattern of enhanced higher-order corrections known as nonglobal logarithms arises. The leading logarithmic terms were computed numerically two decades ago, but the resummation of subleading nonglobal logarithms remained a challenge that we solve in this Letter using renormalization group methods in effective field theory. To achieve next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, we implement the two-loop anomalous dimension governing the resummation of nonglobal logarithms into a large-N_{c} parton shower framework, together with one-loop matching corrections. As a first application, we study the interjet energy flow in e^{+}e^{-} annihilation into two jets. We then present, for the first time, resummed predictions at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy for a gap-between-jets observable at hadron colliders.

A rumen-derived bifunctional glucanase/mannanase uncanonically releases oligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerization preferentially from branched substrates.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are known to depolymerize polysaccharides into oligo-/mono-saccharides, they are extensively used as additives for both animals feed and our food. Here we reported the characterization of IDSGH5-14(CD), a weakly-acidic mesophilic bifunctional mannanase/glucanase of GH5, originally isolated from sheep rumen microbes. Biochemical characterization studies revealed that IDSGH5-14(CD) exhibited preferential hydrolysis of mannan-like and glucan-like substrates. Interestingly, the enzyme exhibited significantly robust catalytic activity towards branched-substrates compared to linear polysaccharides (P < 0.05). Substrate hydrolysis pattern indicated that IDSGH5-14(CD) predominantly liberated oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-7 as the end products, dramatically distinct from canonical endo-acting enzymes. Comparative modeling revealed that IDSGH5-14(CD) was mainly comprised of a (ß/α)8-barrel-like structure with a spacious catalytic cleft on surface, facilitating the enzyme to target high-DP or branched oligosaccharides. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further suggested that the branched-ligand, 64-α-D-galactosyl-mannohexose, was steadily accommodated within the catalytic pocket via a two-sided clamp formed by the aromatic residues. This study first reports a bifunctional GH5 enzyme that predominantly generates high-DP oligosaccharides, preferentially from branched-substrates. This provides novel insights into the catalytic mechanism and molecular underpinnings of polysaccharide depolymerization, with potential implications for feed additive development and high-DP oligosaccharides preparation.

ChemR23 signaling ameliorates brain injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory response has been recognized as a pivotal pathophysiological process during cerebral ischemia. ChemR23 signaling is involved in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the role of ChemR23 signaling in ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. METHODS: Permanent ischemic stroke mouse model was accomplished by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Resolvin E1 (RvE1) or chemerin-9 (C-9), the agonists of ChemR23, were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection before MCAO induction. Then, analysis of neurobehavioral deficits and brain sampling were done at Day 1 after MCAO. The brain samples were further analyzed by histological staining, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, ELISA, transmission electron microscope, and western blots. Furthermore, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was employed in SH-SY5Y to mimic MCAO in vitro, and ChemR23 signaling pathway was further studied by overexpression of ChemR23 or administration of related agonists or antagonists. Analysis of cell death and related pathway markers were performed. RESULTS: ChemR23 expression was upregulated following MCAO. Under in vitro and in vivo ischemic conditions, ChemR23 deficiency or inhibition contributed to excessive NLRP3-mediated maturation and release of IL-1ß and IL-18, as well as enhanced cleavage of GSDMD-N and neuronal pyroptosis. These influences ultimately aggravated brain injury and neuronal damage. On the other hand, ChemR23 activation by RvE1 or C-9 mitigated the above pathophysiological abnormalities in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of ChemR23 in SH-SY5Y cells also rescued OGD-induced neuronal pyroptosis. Blockade of NLRP3 mimics the protective effects of ChemR23 activation in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that ChemR23 modulates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in ischemic stroke. Activation of ChemR23 may serve as a promising potential target for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.

Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Flap Reconstruction in Brown Class I Defect of the Mandible Using a Three-Component Surgical Template System.

BACKGROUND: Computer-assisted surgery is widely used in mandibular reconstruction, but the process is not well described for cases using the deep circumflex iliac artery flap (DCIA) as the donor site. This study aimed to present a DCIA-based three-component surgical template system (3-STS) in patients with a mandibular Brown class I defect. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared clinical outcomes of mandibular reconstruction with DCIA flap using 3-STS or conventional surgical templates. The primary outcome of the study was the accuracy of reconstruction, and the secondary outcomes included surgical time and bone flap ischemia time. Surgery-related parameters and functional outcomes were also recorded and compared. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (23 in the 3-STS group and 21 in the control group) between 2015 and 2021 were included. Compared with the control group, the 3-STS group had higher accuracy of reconstruction, indicated by lower deviation in absolute distance (1.45 ± 0.76 mm versus 2.02 ± 0.89 mm; P = 0.034), and less deviation in coronal and sagittal angles (0.86 ± 0.53 degree versus 1.27 ± 0.59 degrees, P = 0.039; and 2.52 ± 1.00 degrees versus 3.25 ± 1.25 versus, P = 0.047) between preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic imaging. Surgical time and bone flap ischemia time were significantly reduced in the 3-STS group compared with the control group (median time, 385 minutes versus 445 minutes and 32 minutes versus 53 minutes, respectively; P < 0.001). In addition, masseter attachment was preserved in the 3-STS group but not in the control group. No differences were found in adverse events or other clinical variables. CONCLUSION: The 3-STS can improve accuracy, simplify intraoperative procedures to increase surgical efficiency, and preserve functionality in mandibular reconstruction for Brown class I defects. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

Understanding general and specific associations between cyberbullying and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents: a latent dimensional approach.

Cyberbullying (perpetration and victimization) is a prevalent public health problem associated with a wide variety of psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, delinquent behaviors, and substance use). However, the generality and specificity of relations between cyberbullying involvement and psychopathological symptoms have not been investigated. Thus, the current study used a latent dimensional approach to examine how cyberbullying (perpetration and victimization) is associated with underlying dimensions of psychopathology as well as with specific symptoms. General and specific associations were estimated by a series of structural equation models with data from 654 Chinese adolescents (52.4% girls, Mage = 12.96 years, SD = 0.67) in a three-wave study. Results indicated that cyberbullying (perpetration and victimization) was significantly and positively associated with latent internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Cyberbullying involvement was non-significantly associated with most specific symptom domains after accounting for the impact of the latent internalizing and externalizing factors. In a few cases, cyberbullying involvement was directly and uniquely associated with specific symptoms. Findings of significant general and symptom-specific associations have important implications for efforts to develop more efficient and targeted strategies for preventing and treating mental health problems associated with cyberbullying.

Bushen Tianjing Recipe inhibits human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN apoptosis induced by miR-23a through the regulation of the sirtuin family.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bushen Tianjing Recipe (BTR) is a tonic-kidney formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with good therapeutic effects in clinical settings. It was mainly applied to inhibit the decrease of ovarian reserve function in patients. However, the anti-apoptosis mechanism of BTR remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: The formula of BTR is composed of prepared rehmannia root, debark peony root, carapax testudinis and asiatic cornelian cherry fruit. All four components contain the essences of nourishing yin and tonic-kidney. In the theory of TCM, the kidneys store the essence and are primarily responsible for reproduction and development. Hence, we speculated that BTR had some effect on women's reproductive system. In our research, rat serum contains BTR resolved into culture medium for incubation with miR-23a-induced KGN cells to test and determine our hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BTR was prepared by the traditional decoction method to collect concentrated liquids for oral administration to rats (15.00 g/kg) for 14 days. The group with miR-23a-induced KGN cells was selected as the positive control, while the mimic one was the control. Pro-apoptosis and anti-apoptosis biomarkers were detected and analyzed by western blot together with upstream transcription factors and intracellular apoptotic signal pathways. RESULTS: The medium- and high-concentration of BRT greatly reduced the apoptosis of miR-23a-induced KGN cells both in mitochondria and cytoplasm. It showed the up-regulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3, the down-regulation of pro-apoptosis factor Bax and apoptotic-related proteins Caspase 3, 8, 9, and the reduction of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB. however, there was no consistency in the group with a low concentration of BTR, compared with those of other groups. CONCLUSION: Our research verified that BTR had a positive effect on women's reproductive system under medium or high concentration, illuminated the intrinsic mechanism at molecular levels, and convinced its potential application values in clinical settings.

Effects of alkaline mineral complex supplementation on production performance, serum variables, and liver transcriptome in calves.

Calf diarrhea causes huge economic losses to livestock due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Alkaline mineral complex water is an alkaline solution containing silicon, sodium, potassium, zinc, and germanium, and has biological benefits and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on the health of calves and to investigate the effect of Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on neonatal calf serum variables and the liver transcriptome. Sixty Holstein calves (age 1.88 ± 0.85 days, weight 36.63 ± 3.34 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the T group (treatment group with alkaline mineral complex water supplemented during the experiment) and C group (control group without alkaline mineral complex water supplementation). Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation significantly increased the body weight for calves aged 60 d and average daily gain during the experimental period (1-60 d). In addition, Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation could significantly decrease the diarrhea rate for calves aged 16-30 d, enhance the T-AOC, IgG, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 in concentrations. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis in transcriptomics indicate that Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation inhibited the target IL-1B gene of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway of liver. Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation decreased calf diarrhea and improved partial immune function, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant capacity, and health of calves. Alkaline mineral complex is a candidate to replace medicated feed additives. Alkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex water.

Central nervous system nocardiosis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case series and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) nocardiosis is a rare suppurative disease caused by the genus Nocardia. It is found most frequently in immunocompromised individuals. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory examination, therapy and outcomes of 9 patients with CNS nocardiosis diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 9 patients with confirmed diagnosis of CNS Nocardia infection from January 2017 to December 2021 in the Department of Neurology at The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China). In addition, we searched literature related to CNS Nocardia infection on PubMed and included all case reports with proven CNS nocardiosis since 2016. RESULTS: The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF can be used for the rapid diagnosis of nocardiosis in CNS and N. farcinica are the most commonly isolated species. Underlying autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive agents including corticosteroids and organ transplantation are predisposing factors of developing CNS nocardiosis. Single or multiple hyper-enhanced ring lesions indicative of cerebral abscesses are commonly presented in brain imaging. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is used as the primary agent for the antibacterial therapy and in combination with other antibacterial agents. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that mNGS of CSF can be conducted for definitive and rapid diagnosis for CNS nocardiosis.