The long-term fate of saturates and biomarkers within crude oil spilled during the Baffin Island Oil Spill (BIOS) Project.

The Baffin Island Oil Spill (BIOS) Project is a long-term monitoring field study conducted in the early 1980s, seeking to examine the physical and chemical fate of crude oil released into a pristine Arctic setting. During the present study, sites of the BIOS Project were revisited in 2019 for the collection of oiled intertidal and backshore sediments. These samples were analyzed for several groups of petroleum hydrocarbons including saturates (n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and alkylcycloalkanes), hopane and sterane biomarkers, and alkylbenzenes. These hydrocarbon groups were present in concentrations ranging from 1.77-1210, 0.224-51.7, 0.0643-16.9, 0.00-11.7, and 0.0171-8.60 mg/kg within individual samples, respectively. When comparing current to limited results from past BIOS studies, a representative branched alkane (phytane), and medium-chain (nC18) and long-chain (nC30) n-alkanes demonstrate extensive weathering processes, exhibiting up to 90 %, 98 %, and 77 % loss since the penultimate BIOS revisitation in 2001, respectively.

The recalcitrance and potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within crude oil residues in beach sediments at the BIOS site, nearly forty years later.

The Arctic is a unique environment characterized by extreme conditions, including daylight patterns, sea ice cover, and some of the lowest temperatures on Earth. Such characteristics in tandem present challenges when extrapolating information from oil spill research within warmer, more temperate regions. Consequently, oil spill studies must be conducted within the Arctic to yield accurate and reliable results. Sites of the Baffin Island Oil Spill (BIOS) project (Cape Hatt, Baffin Island, Canadian Arctic) were revisited nearly 40 years after the original oil application to provide long-term monitoring data for Arctic oil spill research. Surface and subsurface sediment samples were collected from the intertidal zone of the 1981 nearshore oil spill experiment (Bay 11), from 1980 supratidal control plots (Crude Oil Point) and 1982 supratidal treatment plots (Bay 106). Samples were analyzed for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated homologues via Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results suggest that total mean concentrations of all measured PAHs range from 0.049 to 14 mg/kg, whereas total mean concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority PAHs range from 0.02 to 2.1 mg/kg. The relative proportions of individual PAHs were compared between sampling sites and with the original technical mixture. Where available, percent loss of individual PAHs was compared with data from samples collected at the BIOS site, in 2001. All three sites featured samples where concentrations of various priority PAHs exceeded the established Interim Marine Sediment Quality Guidelines. All supratidal samples contained potentially toxic levels of PAHs. Even after nearly four decades of weathering, the recalcitrant crude oil residues remain a potential hazard for the native organisms. Continued monitoring of this unique study site is crucial for establishing a timeline for oil degradation, and to observe a reduction in toxicity over time.

Life philosophy of Bin Kimura.

Bin Kimura, the most internationally renowned Japanese psychopathologist, developed a unique life-theoretical position in his later years. The concept of "aida" or "betweenness," which was in the social dimension in his earlier thought, came to be called "horizontal betweenness," and the "vertical betweenness" in the vital dimension came to be emphasized. In relation to his time theory, the "intra festum," which signifies the tendency to immerse oneself in the present, has come to be highlighted as a direct contact with life. He used many coupled concepts, such as "mizukara/onozukara" and "reality/actuality," to contrast his life-theoretical position with the scientific-epistemological one. He was also heavily influenced by the ideas of Viktor von Weizsäcker, and superimposed his concept of "vertical betweenness" over Weizsäcker's concept of "ground relationship" by interpreting it as expressing the dependence of individual life (bios) on life in general (zoé). However, the strongest influences on his life theory were the ideas of Kitaro Nishida, the leading philosopher of the Kyoto School, with whom he had been familiar since his youth. In his last years, Kimura, under Nishida's influence, came to equate life in general with generalized death. Kimura's life philosophy might provide the foundation of psychotherapy by deepening subjective and empathetic understanding of psychiatric patients.

BIOS-Based Server Intelligent Optimization.

Servers are the infrastructure of enterprise applications, and improving server performance under fixed hardware resources is an important issue. Conducting performance tuning at the application layer is common, but it is not systematic and requires prior knowledge of the running application. Some works performed tuning by dynamically adjusting the hardware prefetching configuration with a predictive model. Similarly, we design a BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)-based dynamic tuning framework for a Taishan 2280 server, including dynamic identification and static optimization. We simulate five workload scenarios (CPU-instance, etc.) with benchmark tools and perform scenario recognition dynamically with performance monitor counters (PMCs). The adjustable configurations provided by Kunpeng processing reach 2N(N>100). Therefore, we propose a joint BIOS optimization algorithm using a deep Q-network. Configuration optimization is modeled as a Markov decision process starting from a feasible solution and optimizing gradually. To improve the continuous optimization capabilities, the neighborhood search method of state machine control is added. To assess its performance, we compare our algorithm with the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Our algorithm shows that it can also improve performance up to 1.10× compared to experience configuration and perform better in reducing the probability of server downtime. The dynamic tuning framework in this paper is extensible, can be trained to adapt to different scenarios, and is more suitable for servers with many adjustable configurations. Compared with the heuristic intelligent search algorithm, the proposed joint BIOS optimization algorithm can generate fewer infeasible solutions and is not easily disturbed by initialization.

Bioética, biopolítica y políticas públicas: urdimbre para potenciar la vida

Propósito/Contexto. Este texto busca generar y establecer la relación que existe entre Bioética, biopolítica y políticas públicas, teniendo en cuenta el cómo la Bioética se ha visto relacionada y cobijada dentro de intereses políticos y económicos. Metodología/Enfoque. Para hacerlo, se empezará con la relación de política con Bioética, luego se mirará a la biopolítica en relación con la Zoé y el Bíos y se terminará con la relación de políticas públicas con la Bioética. Resultados/Hallazgos. Primero, la bioética, en el estudio de las políticas públicas, observa la forma cómo se desenvuelven las sociedades, su relación con las normas, las jerarquías y los sistemas de decisión que versan sobre la potencia de la vida, pero que también delimitan la misma. Segundo, las políticas públicas tienen dos atributos: por una parte revelan el rasgo gubernativo de todo régimen político y el dispositivo en su forma institucional. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se observa cómo estos términos en conjunto buscan establecer relaciones flexibles, transdisciplinares e interdisciplinares, donde se potencia el sentido crítico de la acción política dentro de la Bioética, además de ampliar el panorama del investigador y las posibilidades de abordaje en la sociedad.

Purpose/Context. This text seeks to generate and stablish the relationship that exist between bioethics, impolitic and public policies, having in mind how the bioethic has been related and sheltered inside politics and economic interests. Methodology/Focus. To do this, it starts with the relation between politics and bioethics, then a look to the biopolitics in relation either Zoe and Bios, finishing with the relation politic policies with a bioethics. Results/Findings. First, bioethics, in the study of public policies, observes the way societies develop, their relationship with norms, hierarchies and decision systems that deal with the potency of life, but also delimit it. Second, public policies have two attributes: On the one hand, they reveal the governmental feature of any political regime and the device in its institutional form. Discussion/Conclusions/Contribution. Seeing how these in sets stablish flexible transdiciplimaty and interdisciplinary relations, where there's an enhance of critical sense of political action inside bioethics, in addition of expanding the investigator's views, as well as possibilities of approaches to society.

Objetivo/Contextos. Este texto procura gerar e estabelecer a relação que existe entre bioética, biopolítica e política pública, tendo em conta a forma como a bioética tem sido relacionada e abrigada dentro dos interesses políticos e económicos. Metodologia/Aproximação. Para o fazer, começaremos com a relação entre política e bioética, depois analisaremos a biopolítica em relação a Zoé e Bíos, e terminaremos com a relação entre política pública e bioética. Resultados/Descobertas. Em primeiro lugar, a bioética, no estudo das políticas públicas, observa a forma como as sociedades se desenvolvem, a sua relação com normas, hierarquias e sistemas de decisão que lidam com a potência da vida, mas que também delimitam a própria vida. Em segundo lugar, a política pública tem dois atributos: por um lado, revela a característica governamental de qualquer regime político e a forma institucional do sistema. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. Veremos como estes juntos procuram estabelecer relações transdisciplinares e interdisciplinares flexíveis, onde o sentido crítico da acção política no âmbito da bioética é reforçado, bem como alargar a perspectiva do investigador e as possibilidades de aproximação à sociedade.

Early Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Coming Soon: Application of an Oxidative Stress Injury Biomarker (BIOS) Model.

Early distinction of bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) is difficult since no tools are available to estimate the risk of BD. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a model of oxidative stress injury for predicting BD. Data were collected from 1252 BD and 1359 MDD patients, including 64 MDD patients identified as converting to BD from 2009 through 2018. 30 variables from a randomly-selected subsample of 1827 (70%) patients were used to develop the model, including age, sex, oxidative stress markers (uric acid, bilirubin, albumin, and prealbumin), sex hormones, cytokines, thyroid and liver function, and glycolipid metabolism. Univariate analyses and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator were applied for data dimension reduction and variable selection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a model for predicting bipolar disorder by oxidative stress biomarkers (BIOS) on a nomogram. Internal validation was assessed in the remaining 784 patients (30%), and independent external validation was done with data from 3797 matched patients from five other hospitals in China. 10 predictors, mainly oxidative stress markers, were shown on the nomogram. The BIOS model showed good discrimination in the training sample, with an AUC of 75.1% (95% CI: 72.9%-77.3%), sensitivity of 0.66, and specificity of 0.73. The discrimination was good both in internal validation (AUC 72.1%, 68.6%-75.6%) and external validation (AUC 65.7%, 63.9%-67.5%). In this study, we developed a nomogram centered on oxidative stress injury, which could help in the individualized prediction of BD. For better real-world practice, a set of measurements, especially on oxidative stress markers, should be emphasized using big data in psychiatry.

Dissolved organic carbon and surface active substances in the northern Adriatic Sea: Long-term trends, variability and drivers.

The paper presents a unique time series of organic matter content (dissolved organic carbon, DOC, and its surface active substances fraction, SAS) collected in the northern Adriatic along the Po-Rovinj transect between 1998 and 2017. The data were collected on a monthly or bimonthly basis. Seasonal variance of organic matter content does not exceed 30% of its total variance, while the DOC and the SAS trends are significantly negative and positive, respectively, over the whole transect. The organic matter content, however, exhibits pronounced interannual and decadal changes, with periods of high and low carbon content and evident changes in composition of the SAS content. The changes indicate altering episodes between eutrophication and oligotrophication, embedded in the overall oligotrophication trend in the considered period. Both series were correlated with the potential local and regional yearly-averaged drivers in both atmosphere and sea. DOC is most strongly (significant at 99%) correlated with the Po River discharges, at the phase lag of -1 to -2 years. For the SAS, the largest correlations (significant at 99%) are obtained with the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System index (BiOS index), at the phase lag of -3 to -4 years. Correlations between the organic matter content and the hemispheric or the regional climate indices (North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic/West Russia, East Atlantic, Scandinavian, and Mediterranean Oscillation) are much lower and only sparsely significant at 95% at some phase lags. The same was found for the other local drivers (precipitation and net heat flux). Our analysis highlights the importance of remote processes, like the BiOS, that weren't previously considered to shape the biogeochemical properties of such shallow coastal region impacted by freshwater load. To properly assess such impacts, long-term ecological monitoring and homogenized data series are required.

Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization.

The trend toward designing large hydrophobic molecules for lead optimization is often associated with poor drug-likeness and high attrition rates in drug discovery and development. Structural simplification is a powerful strategy for improving the efficiency and success rate of drug design by avoiding "molecular obesity". The structural simplification of large or complex lead compounds by truncating unnecessary groups can not only improve their synthetic accessibility but also improve their pharmacokinetic profiles, reduce side effects and so on. This review will summarize the application of structural simplification in lead optimization. Numerous case studies, particularly those involving successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug-like candidates, will be introduced and analyzed to illustrate the design strategies and guidelines for structural simplification.

Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization

The trend toward designing large hydrophobic molecules for lead optimization is often associated with poor drug-likeness and high attrition rates in drug discovery and development. Structural simplification is a powerful strategy for improving the efficiency and success rate of drug design by avoiding "molecular obesity". The structural simplification of large or complex lead compounds by truncating unnecessary groups can not only improve their synthetic accessibility but also improve their pharmacokinetic profiles, reduce side effects and so on. This review will summarize the application of structural simplification in lead optimization. Numerous case studies, particularly those involving successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug-like candidates, will be introduced and analyzed to illustrate the design strategies and guidelines for structural simplification.

Granulated Bog Iron Ores as Sorbents in Passive (Bio)Remediation Systems for Arsenic Removal.

The main element of PbRS (passive (bio)remediation systems) are sorbents, which act as natural filters retaining heavy metals and carriers of microorganisms involved in water treatment. Thus, the effectiveness of PbRS is determined by the quality of the (ad)sorbents, which should be stable under various environmental conditions, have a wide range of applications and be non-toxic to (micro)organisms used in these systems. Our previous studies showed that bog iron ores (BIOs) meet these requirements. However, further investigation of the physical and chemical parameters of BIOs under environmental conditions is required before their large-scale application in PbRS. The aim of this study was (i) to investigate the ability of granulated BIOs (gBIOs) to remove arsenic from various types of contaminated waters, and (ii) to estimate the application potential of gBIOs in technologies dedicated to water treatment. These studies were conducted on synthetic solutions of arsenic and environmental samples of arsenic contaminated water using a set of adsorption columns filled with gBIOs. The experiments performed in a static system revealed that gBIOs are appropriate arsenic and zinc adsorbent. Dynamic adsorption studies confirmed these results and showed, that the actual sorption efficiency of gBIOs depends on the adsorbate concentration and is directly proportional to them. Desorption analysis showed that As-loaded gBIOs are characterized by high chemical stability and they may be reused for the (ad)sorption of other elements, i.e., zinc. It was also shown that gBIOs may be used for remediation of both highly oxygenated waters and groundwater or settling ponds, where the oxygen level is low, as both forms of inorganic arsenic (arsenate and arsenite) were effectively removed. Arsenic concentration after treatment was <100 µg/L, which is below the limit for industrial water.

Spatially Resolved Distribution of Fe Species around Microbes at the Submicron Scale in Natural Bacteriogenic Iron Oxides.

Natural bacteriogenic iron oxides (BIOS) were investigated using local-analyzable synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) with a submicron-scale resolution. Cell, cell sheath interface (EPS), and sheath in the BIOS were clearly depicted using C-, N-, and O- near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) obtained through STXM measurements. Fe-NEXAFS obtained from different regions of BIOS indicated that the most dominant iron mineral species was ferrihydrite. Fe(II)- and/or Fe(III)-acidic polysaccharides accompanied ferrihydrite near the cell and EPS regions. Our STXM/NEXAFS analysis showed that Fe species change continuously between the cell, EPS, and sheath under several 10-nm scales.

Dissolved organic carbon as potential indicator of global change: A long-term investigation in the northern Adriatic.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an essential component of the biogeochemical marine system, effecting biological and chemical reactions that take place in the sea. DOC represents a dynamic component of the global carbon cycle. This paper reports 25years of measurements of DOC content and distribution at seven stations along the transect Po River delta - Rovinj in the northern Adriatic (NA). The results show strong temporal and spatial variability: (1) The highest average DOC concentrations were observed in 1998 and 2002 (143µmol/L and 137µmol/L, respectively); (2) The minimum average DOC was recorded in 2006 (88µmol/L) and (3) The short-term DOC accumulation (up to 203, average 102µmol/L) for the years 2009 to 2012, was observed during the summer and autumn months followed by unusually low DOC concentrations during the winter and spring. The DOC results from the more recent monitoring at the same stations indicate primarily oligotrophic characteristics of the NA seawater (88µmol/L). The results of DOC variability and distribution in the NA appears to be strongly influenced by complex circulation patterns. This paper provides a "link" between the Ionian circulation and the NA ecosystem as a part of the recently identified Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS). A good agreement between the BiOS oscillation and other variables related to the DOC concentration, like the NA A and B winter types, the Po River discharge, salinity, chlorophyll a, occurrence of hypoxic-anoxic conditions, eutrophication and oligotrophication, suggests that DOC might be a good tool and indicator of global change.

Economía ecológica. paradigmas de la economía / Ecological economics. economic paradigms / Economia ecológica. paradigmas da economia

Resumen La economía ecológica redefine la función de la economía hacia el estudio y la gestión de la sustentabilidad y el manejo de la sostenibilidad para la solución de las crisis económicas. El objetivo del presente estudio es plantear la existencia de los paradigmas de la economía, sosteniendo que no tienen solución. Son los mismos de la complejidad, es decir, alrededor de todos los seres vivos que estudian el sistema, dentro de los distintos niveles biológicos: en la bioeconomía. El estudio de estos paradigmas se fundamenta en el método científico contemporáneo condicionado a las lógicas clásicas y, además, se plantea una prospectiva hacia las lógicas no clásicas propias de las ciencias de la complejidad.

Abstract The green economy redefines the function of economics as the study and management of sustainability for solving economic crisis. This article suggests the existence of economic paradigms, arguing they have no solution. They are the same ones of complexity; in other words, around all living beings who study the system, within the various biological levels: in the bioeconomy. The study of these paradigms is based on the contemporary scientific method conditioned to classical logic. A view towards the non-classical logic particular to the sciences of complexity is proposed as well.

Resumo A economia ecológica redefine a função da economia para o estudo e para o gerenciamento da sustentabilidade e o manejo da sustentabilidade para a solução das crises econômicas. O objetivo do presente estudo é propor a existência dos paradigmas da economia, argumentando que não têm solução. São os mesmos da complexidade, ou seja, em torno de todos os seres vivos que estudam o sistema, dentro dos diferentes níveis biológicos: na bioeconomia. O estudo desses paradigmas fundamenta-se no método científico contemporâneo condicionado às lógicas clássicas e, além disso, propõe-se uma prospectiva para as lógicas não clássicas próprias das ciências da complexidade.

Sobre a morte, sobre a vida: a produção da bíos em adolescentes em conflito com a lei / On death and life: the production of bíos in adolescents in conflict with the law / Acerca de la muerte y de la vida: la producción de bíos en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley

Este texto se dedica a compreender as razões que fazem com que cidadãos desejem, se ofereçam ou produzam a morte de outros. Ele é movido por episódios vivenciados junto a adolescentes autores de ato infracional, e vale-se dos conceitos de Agamben, Wacquant e Foucault. Trata-se de um ensaio através do qual se indaga a ética do pesquisador.

This text seeks to understand the reasons that make citizens wish for, offer themselves to, or cause death in others. Using concepts from Agamben, Wacquant and Foucault, we examine situations experienced with adolescents who have committed an infraction. It is an essay through which the ethics of the researcher are questioned.

Este texto está dedicado a entender las razones que llevan a los ciudadanos a buscar la propia muerte, a poner en riesgo sus propios cuerpos o producir la muerte de los demás. Él es impulsado por episodios experimentados junto a adolescentes que han cometido delitos, y hace uso de los conceptos de Agamben , Wacquant y Foucault. Es un ensayo sobre la ética en la investigación.

Sobre a morte, sobre a vida: a produção da bíos em adolescentes em conflito com a lei / On death and life: the production of bíos in adolescents in conflict with the law / Acerca de la muerte y de la vida: la producción de bíos en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley

Este texto se dedica a compreender as razões que fazem com que cidadãos desejem, se ofereçam ou produzam a morte de outros. Ele é movido por episódios vivenciados junto a adolescentes autores de ato infracional, e vale-se dos conceitos de Agamben, Wacquant e Foucault. Trata-se de um ensaio através do qual se indaga a ética do pesquisador.

This text seeks to understand the reasons that make citizens wish for, offer themselves to, or cause death in others. Using concepts from Agamben, Wacquant and Foucault, we examine situations experienced with adolescents who have committed an infraction. It is an essay through which the ethics of the researcher are questioned.

Este texto está dedicado a entender las razones que llevan a los ciudadanos a buscar la propia muerte, a poner en riesgo sus propios cuerpos o producir la muerte de los demás. Él es impulsado por episodios experimentados junto a adolescentes que han cometido delitos, y hace uso de los conceptos de Agamben , Wacquant y Foucault. Es un ensayo sobre la ética en la investigación.

Biology-oriented synthesis of benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrolidines.

A natural product inspired synthesis of 6,6,5-tricyclic compounds via a silver(I)-catalyzed formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of coumarins with α-iminoesters was developed. The reaction proceeds in a stepwise reaction course under formation of the trans-substituted diastereomer with respect to the 1,3-dipole and shows a broad substrate scope.

Aproximación a nna cartografía conceptual de la biopllítica / Appraching a connceptual mapping of biopliitics / Aproxmação a um mapeamento conceitual da biopolítica

Cuando nos referimos a la noción de biopolítica podemos percibir que se refiere a la idea de una política de vida (Castro, 2011, p. 15) que se manifiesta en el control de la conducta humana, así como en la construcción de supuestos de verdad, la moralidad de la sociedad. De la biopolítica existen diferentes concepciones genealógicas que posibilitan el debate y la reflexión sobre su concepto. Por esa razón, el presente escrito tiene como propósito analizar y contrastar los aportes de Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agambem y Roberto Espósito, quienes han realizado una elaboración teórica que permite complejizar y evidenciar las diferencias entre autores, además de analizar cómo de la vida (el bíos) se ocupa la Bioética, como protección de cada ser humano en su integridad.

When we refer to the notion of biopolitics we can perceive that it alludes to the idea of a politic of life (Castro, 2011, p. 15) that is show in the control of human behavior as well in the construction of suppositions of truth, the morality of society. There are different perceptions of biopolitics that make possible to debate and to think about its concept. For that reason, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and contrast the contributions of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agambem and Roberto Esposito, those who have done a theoretical production that allows joining and showing the difference between authors, besides analyzing how bioethics take care of life as a protection of each human being in its integrity.

Quando nos referimos à noção de biopolítica podemos perceber que se refere à idéia de uma política de vida (Castro, 2011, 15 p.) que se manifesta no controle do comportamento humano, bem como a construção de supostos de verdade, a moralidade da sociedade. Da biopolítica existem diferentes concepções genealógicas que permitem o debate e a reflexão sobre seu conceito. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e comparar as contribuições de Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agambem e Roberto Esposito, que fizeram uma elaboração teórica que permite complicar e demonstrar as diferenças entre autores, além de analisar como da vida (o bíos) ocupa-se a Bioética, como proteção de cada ser humano em sua integridade.

Las nuevas realddades del bios/zoe del cuerpo, entre la bioética y la biopolítica / The new realitess of the bios / zoe body, between bioethics and biopolitics / As ovas realidaddes do bios/zoe do corpo, entre a bioética e a biopolítcaa

El texto propone la consideración de las profundas transformaciones contemporáneas del bios/zoé y las consecuencias que tienen para el debate bioético y biopolítico, donde adquiere una especial relevancia el cuerpo. Estamos asistiendo a un giro ontológico profundo en nuestro relacionamiento con la naturaleza y entre nosotros mismos, mediado por el desarrollo creciente y acelerado de la tecnociencia en un contexto de globalización, que se evidencia en las transformaciones en el interior de los laboratorios y en el despliegue de una nueva forma de producción. El cuerpo se convierte en un eje central de debate de discursos, prácticas, estrategias y mecanismos del biopoder y la bioeconomía, al mismo tiempo como ámbito de manifestación de los más sentidos gritos de transformación sociopolítica alternativa.

The article proposes the profound transformations of contemporary bios/zoé and the implications for bioethical and biopolitical debate, where the body gets special value. We are witnessing a profound ontological shift in our relationship with nature as well as in our own social relations by the increased and accelerated development of techno-science in the context of globalization, which is evident in the changes inside the laboratories and in the deployment of a new form of social production. The body becomes a focus of discussions, discourses, practices, strategies and mechanisms of biopower and bio-economy at the same time as afield demonstration of the most heart felt cries of socio-political alternatives.

O texto propõe a consideração das profundas transformações contemporâneas do bios/zoe e as implicações que tem para o debate bioético e biopolíitico, onde adquire uma especial relevância do corpo. Estamos presenciando uma profunda mudança ontológica no nosso relacionamento com a natureza e entre nós mesmos, mediada pelo desenvolvimento crescente e acelerado da tecno-ciência no contexto da globalização, o que é evidenciada nas mudanças dentro dos laboratórios e na implantação de uma nova forma de produção. O corpo torna-se num foco de discussão de discursos, práticas, estratégias e mecanismos de biopoder e a bioeconomia, ao mesmo tempo como um âmbito de manifestação dos mais sentidos gritos de transformação sócio-política alternativa.

La aparición de la bioética y el porqué de la misma

En la primera parte el autor busca, tomando aleatoriamente algunos hechos históricos de la primera mitad del siglo pasado, escoger unas acontecimientos tanto en lo político y social como en lo científico que vayan mostrando que Occidente fue cambiando poco a poco sobre todo con el mantenimiento de un conflicto continuo que, a la vez, también permitió manifestar el afán de la búsqueda e investigación en el campo científico. Pero todo eso tiene un gran punto de ruptura a partir de la década de los años sesenta... de ahí en adelante las cosas son distintas. Se deja que hablen los hechos que se consideran más significativos durante esas primeras cinco décadas del siglo pasado. En la segunda parte se abordan algunos acontecimientos que pueden considerarse como precursores de la aparición de la bioética en Occidente, de la mano de Van Rensselaer Potter, para, al final, tratar de responder a la pregunta de ¿por qué la Bioética?: porque se necesita un puente que garantice la supervivencia de la VIDA en este planeta.

In the first part, the author searches, randomly taking some historical events of the first half of last century, some choose both events in political, social and scientific to be showing that the West was slowly changing especially with the maintenance of a conflict continuum, while also allowed to express the desire to search and research in the scientific field. But all that has a great breaking point from the decade of the sixties thereafter... things are different. Is allowed to speak the facts that are considered significant during those first five decades of the last century. In the second part some events that can be considered as precursors to the emergence of bioethics in the West, from the hand of Van Rensselaer Potter, to the end, try to answer the question of why bioethics addresses: for a bridge to ensure the survival of LIFE on this planet is needed.

Na primeira parte, as pesquisas do autor, tomando aleatoriamente alguns eventos históricos da primeira metade do século passado, alguns optam ambos os eventos na vida política, social e científico estar mostrando que o Ocidente estava mudando lentamente, especialmente com a manutenção de um conflito contínuo, além de permissão para expressar o desejo de busca e pesquisa no campo científico. Mas tudo isso tem um grande ponto de ruptura a partir da década dos anos sessenta, depois disso... as coisas são diferentes. É permitido falar os fatos que são considerados significativos durante os primeiros cinco décadas do século passado. Na segunda parte alguns eventos que podem ser considerados como precursores para o surgimento da bioética no Ocidente, a partir do lado de Van Rensselaer Potter, até o fim, tentar responder a questão do porquê de bioética endereços: para uma ponte para garantir a sobrevivência da vida no planeta é necessário.

Perfurações em luvas de látex utilizadas em cirurgias odontológicas / Latex gloves perforations during oral surgery

A utilização das luvas látex como barreira de proteção é indispensável em qualquer tratamento odontológico, porém as luvas não funcionam como uma barreira totalmente eficaz quando apresentam perfurações ou grandes porosidades. Por isso o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a integridade das luvas de duas marcas comerciais, após o uso em cirurgias odontológicas, para verificar a influência do tempo de uso, da mão que a utilizou, do grau de destreza e do sexo do profissional. O grupo experimental foi constituído por duzentos e setenta e quatro luvas cirúrgicas de látex, enquanto sessenta constituíram o grupo controle. Após o uso, em ambiente adequado (sala de expurgo) as luvas foram preenchidas com 500 ml de uma solução de fucsina básica diluída em água sendo aprisionadas pelo punho para a verificação dos vazamentos. Foram comparadas as diversas situações avaliadas através do teste Quiquadrado de Pearson, com nível de confiança de 95%. Na amostra 10,60% das luvas estavam perfuradas. Ambas as marcas comerciais apresentaram perfurações. As luvas utilizadas na mão esquerda apresentaram, de forma significativa, uma maior prevalênciade perfurações (p=0,03). Nos demais aspectos avaliados as diferenças observadas não foram estatisticamente significativas.

The use of the latex gloves in dental treatment is unquestionable for the safety of everyone involved (dentist, staff and patientes). However, gloves do not work as an efficient barrier when presenting big pores or perforations. Therefore the goal of this research is to evaluate the integrity of surgical gloves, after use in oral sugery, to verify: the latex resistance of two commercial brands, the influence of the time being used, the user and the level of professional dexterity on keeping the glove integrity. 334 gloves were evaluated. 274 were used during surgery and 60 formed the control group (30 of each commercial brand). After use, in a proper environment, gloves were filled with 500ml of a basic Fucsina dissolved in water, contained by the fist to check any leak. In the sample group occurred 10.60% of perforation. Thru Pearson Chi-Square, with a reability level 955, the diverse evaluated situations were compared. The gloves used in left hand were more perforated (p=0,03). In the others aspects no statistically significant differences were found.