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1.
Autism ; : 13623613241275260, 2024 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166536

RESUMO

LAY ABSTRACT: Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) are popular hobbies that may offer specific social benefits for autistic people. This study investigated the ability of TTRPGs to provide a safe space where autistic adults could develop relationships with other autistic adults while engaging in character and world-building. A group of eight autistic adults were split into two groups and taken through a short-form online Dungeons and Dragons campaign over 6 weeks run by one of the researchers. The researcher then led a series of individual semi-structured interviews discussing how participants felt interacting in and out of the TTRPG. Several key themes were identified as important aspects of why autistic people could benefit from such an environment. Analysis showed that while real-life interactions could be challenging, in TTRPG play, they felt they experienced significantly fewer struggles. Results suggested that TTRPGs can provide a safe space environment where autistic adults can engage in productive social interactions with like-minded individuals. It also may allow autistic participants to experience 'bleed' or the ability to take on a new character that changes the way they feel about themselves outside of the game. Future directions for this work are discussed.

3.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 751, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39090588

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is an important disease of barley and wheat. A diverse sexual Pgt population from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the US contains a high proportion of individuals with virulence on the barley stem rust resistance (R) gene, Rpg1. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of this virulence on Rpg1 are mysterious considering that Rpg1 had not been deployed in the region and the gene had remained remarkably durable in the Midwestern US and prairie provinces of Canada. METHODS AND RESULTS: To identify AvrRpg1 effectors, genome wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using 113 Pgt isolates collected from the PNW (n = 89 isolates) and Midwest (n = 24 isolates) regions of the US. Disease phenotype data were generated on two barley lines Morex and the Golden Promise transgenic (H228.2c) that carry the Rpg1 gene. Genotype data was generated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 96 isolates (PNW = 89 isolates and Midwest = 7 isolates) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from 17 Midwestern isolates. Utilizing ~1.2 million SNPs generated from WGS and phenotype data (n = 96 isolates) on the transgenic line H228.2c, 53 marker trait associations (MTAs) were identified. Utilizing ~140 K common SNPs generated from combined analysis of WGS and RNAseq data, two significant MTAs were identified using the cv Morex phenotyping data. The 55 MTAs defined two distinct avirulence loci, on supercontig 2.30 and supercontig 2.11 of the Pgt reference genome of Pgt isolate CRL 75-36-700-3. The major avirulence locus designated AvrRpg1A was identified with the GWAS using both barley lines and was delimited to a 35 kb interval on supercontig 2.30 containing four candidate genes (PGTG_10878, PGTG_10884, PGTG_10885, and PGTG_10886). The minor avirulence locus designated AvrRpg1B identified with cv Morex contained a single candidate gene (PGTG_05433). AvrRpg1A haplotype analysis provided strong evidence that a dominant avirulence gene underlies the locus. CONCLUSIONS: The association analysis identified strong candidate AvrRpg1 genes. Further analysis to validate the AvrRpg1 genes will fill knowledge gaps in our understanding of rust effector biology and the evolution and mechanism/s of Pgt virulence on Rpg1.


Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Hordeum , Doenças das Plantas , Puccinia , Hordeum/microbiologia , Hordeum/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Puccinia/patogenicidade , Puccinia/genética , Virulência/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Genes de Plantas , Fenótipo
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39034625

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM-RPG) provides an evidence-based recommendation to address the question: in adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs), should we use small-volume or conventional blood collection tubes? METHODS: We included 23 panelists in 8 countries and assessed and managed financial and intellectual conflicts of interest. Methodological support was provided by the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development, and Evaluation (GUIDE) group. We conducted a systematic review, including evidence from observational and randomized studies. Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, we evaluated the certainty of evidence and developed recommendations using the Evidence-to-Decision framework. RESULTS: We identified 8 studies (1 cluster and 2 patient-level randomized trials; 5 observational studies) comparing small-volume to conventional tubes. We had high certainty evidence that small-volume tubes reduce daily and cumulative blood sampling volume; and moderate certainty evidence that they reduce the risk of transfusion and mean number of red blood cell units transfused, but these estimates were limited by imprecision. We had high certainty that small-volume tubes have a similar rate of specimens with insufficient quantity. The panel considered that the desirable effects of small-volume tubes outweigh the undesirable effects, are less wasteful of resources, and are feasible, as demonstrated by successful implementation across multiple countries, although there are upfront implementation costs to validate small-volume tubes on laboratory instrumentation. CONCLUSION: This ICM-RPG panel made a strong recommendation for the use of small-volume sample collection tubes in adult ICUs based on overall moderate certainty evidence.

5.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 68(3): 302-310, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38140827

RESUMO

The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM-RPG) was to provide evidence-based clinical guidance about the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The guideline panel comprised 27 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and used the Evidence-to-Decision framework to generate recommendations. A recently published updated systematic review and meta-analysis constituted the evidence base. Through teleconferences and web-based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. The updated systematic review and meta-analysis included data from 17 randomized clinical trials with 10,248 participants. There was little to no difference between the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for all outcomes with available data, including all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, stroke, functional outcomes, cognition, and health-related quality of life (very low certainty of evidence). The panel felt that values and preferences, costs and resources, and equity favored the use of lower oxygenation targets. The ICM-RPG panel issued one conditional recommendation against the use of higher oxygenation targets: "We suggest against the routine use of higher oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). Remark: an oxygenation target of SpO2 88%-92% or PaO2 8 kPa/60 mmHg is relevant and safe for most adult ICU patients."


Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Oxigênio , Humanos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Adulto , Oxigênio/sangue , Oxigenoterapia/métodos
6.
Nutrients ; 15(21)2023 Oct 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37960222

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dietary fiber plays a potential role in regulating energy intake and stabilizing postprandial blood glucose levels. Soluble dietary fiber has become an important entry point for nutritional research on the regulation of satiety. METHODS: this was a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial enrolling 12 healthy subjects to compare the effects of RPG (R+PolyGly) dietary fiber products (bread, powder, and capsule) and pectin administered with a standard meal on satiety, blood glucose, and serum insulin level. RESULTS: Adding 3.8% RPG dietary fiber to bread significantly increased the volume, water content, hardness, and chewiness of bread compared to 3.8% pectin bread and white bread and significantly improved the sensory quality of bread. RPG bread had better appetite suppression effects at some time points than the other two groups and the best postprandial blood glucose lowering effects among the three groups. Administration of RPG capsules containing 5.6 g of RPG dietary fiber with meals improved satiety and reduced hunger compared to 6 g of RPG powder and 6 g of pectin, which had the greatest effect on suppressing appetite and reducing prospective food consumption. The peak level of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the RPG capsule group (578.17 ± 19.93 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in other groups at 0 min and 30 min after eating. RPG powder had the best effect in reducing postprandial blood glucose and increasing serum insulin levels; the total area under the curve (AUC) of serum insulin with RPG powder was higher than other groups (5960 ± 252.46 µU min/mL). CONCLUSION: RPG dietary fiber products can improve the sensory properties of food, reduce postprandial blood glucose, and enhance satiety, especially in capsule and powder forms. Further research on the physiological effects of RPG dietary fiber is required to facilitate its use as a functional ingredient in food products.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Fibras na Dieta , Adulto , Humanos , Pão , Estudos Cross-Over , Fibras na Dieta/farmacologia , Insulina , Pectinas/farmacologia , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Pós
7.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 67(10): 1423-1431, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37500083

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This Rapid Practice Guideline provides an evidence-based recommendation to address the question: in adults with sepsis or septic shock, should we recommend using or not using intravenous vitamin C therapy? METHODS: The panel included 21 experts from 16 countries and used a strict policy for potential financial and intellectual conflicts of interest. Methodological support was provided by the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development, and Evaluation (GUIDE) group. Based on an updated systematic review, and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation approach, we evaluated the certainty of evidence and developed recommendations using the evidence-to-decision framework. We conducted an electronic vote, requiring >80% agreement among the panel for a recommendation to be adopted. RESULTS: At longest follow-up, 90 days, intravenous vitamin C probably does not substantially impact (relative risk 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 1.17; absolute risk difference 1.8%, 95% CI -2.2 to 6.2; 6 trials, n = 2148, moderate certainty). Effects of vitamin C on mortality at earlier timepoints was of low or very low certainty due to risk of bias of the included studies and significant heterogeneity between study results. Few adverse events were reported with the use of vitamin C. The panel did not identify any major differences in other outcomes, including duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilator free days, hospital or intensive care unit length of stay, acute kidney injury, need for renal replacement therapy. Vitamin C may result in a slight reduction in duration of vasopressor support (MD -18.9 h, 95% CI -26.5 to -11.4; 21 trials, n = 2661, low certainty); but may not reduce sequential organ failure assessment scores (MD -0.69, 95% CI -1.55 to 0.71; 24 trials, n = 4002, low certainty). The panel judged the undesirable consequences of using IV vitamin C to probably outweigh the desirable consequences, and therefore issued a conditional recommendation against using IV vitamin C therapy in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: The panel suggests against use of intravenous vitamin C in adult patients with sepsis, beyond that of standard nutritional supplementation. Small and single center trials on this topic should be discouraged.

8.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn ; 15(3): 327-328, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37088657
9.
J Med Food ; 26(2): 81-92, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36730815

RESUMO

Red chili pepper is a beneficial natural spicy food that has antiobesity and antitype II diabetes effects, but it is not conducive to in-depth research as a dietary strategy to treat obesity. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of red chili pepper, fermented with a novel Lactococcus lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136. LC-MS/MS analysis is conducted to detect the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, and no significant difference is observed between the nonfermented red chili pepper (NFP) (W/W) and the prepared L. lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136-fermented chili mixture (LFP). After establishing a high-fat diet-induced obese type II diabetic mouse model, the effects on weight gain, weight loss of liver and testicular fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance in LFP were evaluated to be better than those in NFP following 10 weeks of interventions. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Xinxiang medical university. NFP and LFP could increase the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and caspase-2 in the high-fat mice. Compared with unfermented red chili pepper, the fermented red chili pepper complex significantly reduced LPS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 in serum (P < .05). Intake of LFP significantly increased the expression of claudin-1 and occludin in the colon of the high-fat mice (P < .05), and there was no damage to the stomach and colon. This study provides scientific evidence that red chili pepper, fermented with L. lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136, may be beneficial for future treatment of obesity and accompanying diabetes. (IACUC.No.XYLL-20200019).


Assuntos
Capsicum , Lactococcus lactis , Animais , Camundongos , Cânfora/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fermentação , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Mentol/metabolismo , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
10.
Intensive Care Med ; 48(7): 801-810, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35587274

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM­RPG) was to formulate evidence­based guidance for the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in invasively mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and the Evidence-to-Decision framework to generate recommendations. The guideline panel comprised 28 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. Through teleconferences and web­based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. RESULTS: The ICM­RPG panel issued one weak recommendation (suggestion) based on overall moderate certainty of evidence: "In invasively mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients, we suggest using dexmedetomidine over other sedative agents, if the desirable effects including a reduction in delirium are valued over the undesirable effects including an increase in hypotension and bradycardia". CONCLUSION: This ICM-RPG provides updated evidence-based guidance on the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults, and outlines uncertainties and research priorities.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Dexmedetomidina , Adulto , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Respiração Artificial/métodos
11.
Artigo em Inglês | BIGG - guias GRADE | ID: biblio-1372808

RESUMO

The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM­RPG) was to formulate evidence­based guidance for the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in invasively mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU). We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and the Evidence-to-Decision framework to generate recommendations. The guideline panel comprised 28 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. Through teleconferences and web­based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. The ICM­RPG panel issued one weak recommendation (suggestion) based on overall moderate certainty of evidence: "In invasively mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients, we suggest using dexmedetomidine over other sedative agents, if the desirable effects including a reduction in delirium are valued over the undesirable effects including an increase in hypotension and bradycardia". This ICM-RPG provides updated evidence-based guidance on the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults, and outlines uncertainties and research priorities.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Respiração Artificial , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapêutico , Sedação Profunda , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/normas , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Anestesia
12.
Plant J ; 109(6): 1375-1385, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34905264

RESUMO

Slow development has been shown to be a general mechanism to restore the fertility of thermo-sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS and PGMS) lines in Arabidopsis. rpg1 is a TGMS line defective in primexine, which is essential for pollen wall pattern formation. Here, we showed that RPG1-GFP was highly expressed in microsporocytes, microspores, and pollen grains but not in the tapetum in the complemented transgenic line, suggesting that microsporocytes are the main sporophytic cells for primexine formation. Further cytological observations showed that primexine formation in rpg1 was partially restored under slow growth conditions, leading to its fertility restoration. RPG2 is the homolog of RPG1 in Arabidopsis. We revealed that the fertility recovery of rpg1 rpg2 was significantly reduced compared with that of rpg1 under low temperature. The RPG2-GFP protein was also expressed in microsporocytes in the RPG2-GFP (WT) transgenic line. These results suggest that RPG2 plays a redundant role in rpg1 fertility restoration. rpg1 plants were male sterile at the early growth stage, while their fertility was partially restored at the late developmental stage. The fertility of the rpg1 lateral branches was also partially restored. Further growth analysis showed that slow growth at the late reproductive stage or on the lateral branches led to fertility restoration. This work reveals the importance of gene redundancy in fertility restoration for TGMS lines and provides further insight into pollen wall pattern formation.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fertilidade/genética , Infertilidade das Plantas/genética , Pólen/metabolismo
13.
Plant Dis ; 106(1): 223-230, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34546770

RESUMO

A diverse sexual population of wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, exists in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States because of the natural presence of Mahonia spp. that serves as alternate hosts to complete its sexual life cycle. The region appears to be a center of stem rust diversity in North America where novel virulence gene combinations can emerge that could overcome deployed barley and wheat stem rust resistances. A total of 100 single pustule isolates derived from stem rust samples collected from barley in Eastern Washington during the 2019 growing season were assayed for virulence on the two known effective barley stem rust resistance genes/loci, Rpg1 and the rpg4/5-mediated resistance locus (RMRL) at the seedling stage. Interestingly, 99% of the P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates assayed were virulent on barley variety Morex carrying the Rpg1 gene, and 62% of the isolates were virulent on the variety Golden Promise transformant (H228.2c) that carries a single-copy insertion of the Rpg1 gene from Morex and is more resistant than Morex to many Rpg1 avirulent isolates. Also, 16% of the isolates were virulent on the near isogenic line HQ-1, which carries the RMRL introgression from the barley line Q21861 in the susceptible Harrington background. Alarmingly, 10% of the isolates were virulent on barley line Q21861, which contains both Rpg1 and RMRL. Thus, we report on the first P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates worldwide with virulence on both Rpg1 and RMRL when stacked together, representing the most virulent P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates reported on barley.


Assuntos
Hordeum , Resistência à Doença , Doenças das Plantas , Puccinia , Washington
14.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact ; 34(10): 1094-1102, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34096764

RESUMO

Plant-pathogen interactions result in disease development in a susceptible host. Plants actively resist pathogens via a complex immune system comprising both surface-localized receptors that sense the extracellular space as well as intracellular receptors recognizing pathogen effectors. To date, the majority of cloned resistance genes encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor proteins. Recent discoveries have revealed tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) as another important family of intracellular proteins involved in plant immune responses. Five TKP genes-barley Rpg1 and wheat WTK1 (Yr15), WTK2 (Sr60), WTK3 (Pm24), and WTK4-protect against devastating fungal diseases. Moreover, a large diversity and numerous putative TKPs exist across the plant kingdom. This review explores our current knowledge of TKPs and serves as a basis for future studies that aim to develop and exploit a deeper understanding of innate plant immunity receptor proteins.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.


Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Hordeum , Imunidade Vegetal , Proteínas Quinases , Triticum , Hordeum/enzimologia , Hordeum/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Triticum/enzimologia , Triticum/imunologia
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(10)2021 May 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34068231

RESUMO

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less assemblies arising upon various stresses in eukaryotic cells. They sequester mRNAs and proteins from stressful conditions and modulate gene expression to enable cells to resume translation and growth after stress relief. SGs containing the translation initiation factor eIF3a/Rpg1 arise in yeast cells upon robust heat shock (HS) at 46 °C only. We demonstrate that the destabilization of Rpg1 within the PCI domain in the Rpg1-3 variant leads to SGs assembly already at moderate HS at 42 °C. These are bona fide SGs arising upon translation arrest containing mRNAs, which are components of the translation machinery, and associating with P-bodies. HS SGs associate with endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondria and their contact sites ERMES. Although Rpg1-3-labeled SGs arise at a lower temperature, their disassembly is delayed after HS at 46 °C. Remarkably, the delayed disassembly of HS SGs after the robust HS is reversed by TDP-43, which is a human protein connected with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. TDP-43 colocalizes with HS SGs in yeast cells and facilitates cell regrowth after the stress relief. Based on our results, we propose yeast HS SGs labeled by Rpg1 and its variants as a novel model system to study functions of TDP-43 in stress granules disassembly.


Assuntos
Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fator de Iniciação 3 em Eucariotos/química , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Fator de Iniciação 3 em Eucariotos/genética , Fator de Iniciação 3 em Eucariotos/metabolismo , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estabilidade Proteica , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética
16.
J Magn Reson Imaging ; 53(5): 1581-1591, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33644939

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar imaging (EPI) is prone to geometric distortions due to B0 inhomogeneities. Both prospective and retrospective approaches have been developed to decrease and correct such distortions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of reduced-field-of-view (FOV) acquisition and retrospective distortion correction methods in decreasing distortion artifacts for breast imaging. Coverage of the axilla in reduced-FOV DW magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and residual distortion were also assessed. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION/PHANTOM: Breast phantom and 169 women (52.4 ± 13.4 years old) undergoing clinical breast MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3.0 T/ full- and reduced-FOV DW gradient-echo EPI sequence. ASSESSMENT: Performance of reversed polarity gradient (RPG) and FSL topup in correcting breast full- and reduced-FOV EPI data was evaluated using the mutual information (MI) metric between EPI and anatomical images. Two independent breast radiologists determined if coverage on both EPI data sets was adequate to evaluate axillary nodes and identified residual nipple distortion artifacts. STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-way repeated-measures analyses of variance and post hoc tests were used to identify differences between EPI modality and distortion correction method. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate differences in axillary coverage and residual nipple distortion. RESULTS: In a breast phantom, residual distortions were 0.16 ± 0.07 cm and 0.22 ± 0.13 cm in reduced- and full-FOV EPI with both methods, respectively. In patients, MI significantly increased after distortion correction of full-FOV (11 ± 5% and 18 ± 9%, RPG and topup) and reduced-FOV (8 ± 4% both) EPI data. Axillary nodes were observed in 99% and 69% of the cases in full- and reduced-FOV EPI images. Residual distortion was observed in 93% and 0% of the cases in full- and reduced-FOV images. DATA CONCLUSION: Minimal distortion was achieved with RPG applied to reduced-FOV EPI data. RPG improved distortions for full-FOV images but with more modest improvements and limited correction near the nipple. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Imagem Ecoplanar , Adulto , Idoso , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
Rom J Ophthalmol ; 64(3): 280-284, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33367161

RESUMO

Purpose: To determine the effect of different types of Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) contact lenses on ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus. Methods: Eighteen eyes of young patients with mild to moderate keratoconus were selected. General ocular examinations such as refraction, visual acuity, and ocular aberrations were performed. Three types of RGP contact lenses, i.e., Boston, Senso Select and Wohlk, were fitted using the cross over method. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Mauchly's test of sphericity were used to compare the average of residual high order aberrations and visual acuity after fitting each type of lens. Results: Vertical coma was -0.271 ± 0.37 µm before fitting and decreased to 0.081 ± 0.08 µm with Boston, 0.098 ± 0.08 µm with Senso Select and 0.124 ± 0.08 µm with Wohlk contact lens (P-value < 0.0001). The mean RMS (root mean square) for high order aberrations decreased from 0.526 ± 0.43 µm before fitting to 0.256 ± 0.09 µm with Boston, 0.263 ± 0.12 µm with Senso Select, and 0.304 ± 0.10 µm with Wohlk contact lens (P-value= 0.001). The mean RMS for low order aberrations decreased from 1.480 ± 0.78 µm before fitting to 0.703 ± 0.43 µm with Boston, 0.802 ± 0.39 µm with Senso Select, and 0.760 ± 0.45µm with Wohlk (P-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: Despite achieving optimal fit and good visual acuity with these different RGP lenses, in keratoconus patients, their performance is different in reducing ocular aberrations.


Assuntos
Lentes de Contato de Uso Prolongado , Córnea/patologia , Ceratocone/terapia , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Topografia da Córnea , Feminino , Humanos , Ceratocone/diagnóstico , Ceratocone/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
18.
Plant Methods ; 16: 71, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32467719

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In situ analysis of biomarkers such as DNA, RNA and proteins are important for research and diagnostic purposes. At the RNA level, plant gene expression studies rely on qPCR, RNAseq and probe-based in situ hybridization (ISH). However, for ISH experiments poor stability of RNA and RNA based probes commonly results in poor detection or poor reproducibility. Recently, the development and availability of the RNAscope RNA-ISH method addressed these problems by novel signal amplification and background suppression. This method is capable of simultaneous detection of multiple target RNAs down to the single molecule level in individual cells, allowing researchers to study spatio-temporal patterning of gene expression. However, this method has not been optimized thus poorly utilized for plant specific gene expression studies which would allow for fluorescent multiplex detection. Here we provide a step-by-step method for sample collection and pretreatment optimization to perform the RNAscope assay in the leaf tissues of model monocot plant barley. We have shown the spatial distribution pattern of HvGAPDH and the low expressed disease resistance gene Rpg1 in leaf tissue sections of barley and discuss precautions that should be followed during image analysis. RESULTS: We have shown the ubiquitous HvGAPH and predominantly stomatal guard cell associated subsidiary cell expressed Rpg1 expression pattern in barley leaf sections and described the improve RNAscope methodology suitable for plant tissues using confocal laser microscope. By addressing the problems in the sample collection and incorporating additional sample backing steps we have significantly reduced the section detachment and experiment failure problems. Further, by reducing the time of protease treatment, we minimized the sample disintegration due to over digestion of barley tissues. CONCLUSIONS: RNAscope multiplex fluorescent RNA-ISH detection is well described and adapted for animal tissue samples, however due to morphological and structural differences in the plant tissues the standard protocol is deficient and required optimization. Utilizing barley specific HvGAPDH and Rpg1 RNA probes we report an optimized method which can be used for RNAscope detection to determine the spatial expression and semi-quantification of target RNAs. This optimized method will be immensely useful in other plant species such as the widely utilized Arabidopsis.

19.
Anticancer Res ; 40(2): 1167-1173, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32014970

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A gastrostomy feeding tube is one method for long-term feeding support in patients undergoing radio(chemo)therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to analyze the safety of prophylactic gastrostomy tube placement and usage in HNSCC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: HNC patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or radiological percutaneous gastrostomy (RPG) tube placement prior to radio(chemo)therapy from 2010-2014 were retrospectively reviewed regarding procedural and long-term gastrostomy tube-related complications, usage of PEG/RPG, weight profile, pretreatment and posttreatment body mass index. RESULTS: A total of 212 patients underwent prophylactic feeding tube placement (71% RPG, 27% PEG and 2% surgical jejunostomy). A total of 173 patients utilized their gastrostomy tubes for either total or supplemental nutrition support. Despite this, 157 patients (74%) lost weight during therapy (mean weight loss=8 kg). The rate of severe tube-related complications (peritonitis/incorrect placement) was low and similar in both groups (PEG 2.7% vs. RPG 3.4%). CONCLUSION: Although a very high proportion of patients used their PEG/RPG during radio(chemo)therapy there was a high mean weight loss. Serious complications of tube placement were rare.


Assuntos
Gastrostomia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/dietoterapia , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Peso Corporal , Quimiorradioterapia , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Feminino , Gastrostomia/efeitos adversos , Gastrostomia/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Jejunostomia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
J Pharm Anal ; 9(4): 274-283, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31452966

RESUMO

Repaglinide (RPG) regulates the amount of glucose by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin in the blood. In view of its biological importance, we have examined the interaction between RPG and a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) employing various spectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking methods. Fluorescence spectra of BSA were recorded in the presence and absence of RPG in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. Fluorescence intensity of BSA was decreased upon the addition of increased concentrations of RPG, indicating the interaction between RPG and BSA. Stern-Volmer quenching analysis results revealed that RPG quenched the intensity of BSA through dynamic quenching mechanism. This was further confirmed from the time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The binding constant as calculated from the spectroscopic and voltammetric results was observed to be in the order of 104 M-1 at 298 K, suggesting the moderate binding affinity between RPG and BSA. Competitive experimental results revealed that the primary binding site for RPG on BSA was site II. Absorption and circular dichroism studies indicated the changes in the secondary structure of BSA upon its interaction with RPG. Molecular simulation studies pointed out that RPG was bound to BSA in the hydrophobic pocket of site II.

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