Frontal lobe closed-lip schizencephaly as an atypical cause of adult-onset seizures.

Schizencephaly arises from irregular neuronal migration leading to clefts development in the cerebral cortex. The condition is often detected in childhood and it is extremely rare to go unnoticed. This case highlights a 45-year-old male with no previous medical history who presented with a seizure for the first time in the emergency department after which an MRI was done and detected schizcenphaly which at this point was the first time for the patient to be diagnosed with this condition. The available data on schizcencphaly in the literature is very little and the data on the condition when diagnosed in adulthood is even less, hence our case report aims to shed light on this unthought etiology of adult-onset seizures which could have major potential risks if not detected. Adults who receive a diagnoses later in life may face prognosis issues hence imaging should be encouraged to be a part of seizure workup to avoid underdiagnoses of brain abnormalities that may go unnoticed in childhood.

The state of systemic immunity in congenital cleft lip and palate patients with diseases of oral cavity tissues.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To determine the state of dental health and the state of systemic immunity in patients in congenital cleft lip and palate patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The dental status and immunologic tests of 74 patients age 8-18 years old with congenital cleft lip and palate was analyzed: 43 children with unilateral and 31 children with bilateral complete combined cleft lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate. RESULTS: Results: Indicators of the prevalence and intensity of the caries process in patients with congenital congenital complete cleft lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate were high, especially in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate - the decompensated course of caries was determined in 41.93% patients, with unilateral - 23.25%. Сhronic catarrhal gingivitis was the most common in both groups of patients - the average severity of gingivitis prevailed - 51.16% with congenital unilateral cleft lip and palate and 51.61% - with bilateral. Atopic cheilitis, glossitis and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis were common. This patients have significant changes in the cellular chain of the immune system with a deficiency of the main phenotypes of lymphocytes - CD4+ CD8+ and inflammatory bacterial changes in blood serum. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Patients of unilateral and bilateral complete combined cleft lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate have significant changes in the dental status and in the cellular chain of the immune system. The level of manifestation of these changes is directly proportional to the extent of localization of the pathology - unilateral or bilateral.

Role of Growth Factors in Nasal Cartilage Development and Molding: A Comprehensive Review.

This review aims to investigate the properties of growth factors concerning the morphogenesis and development of nasal cartilage, which is fundamentally important for facial form and appearance. Since cartilage lacks a blood supply, it is more difficult to regenerate, as cartilage tissue obtains sustenance by diffusion. Cytokines are signalling molecules that control chondrocyte metabolism and extracellular matrix formation, which is required for cartilage development, homeostasis, and healing. Some craniofacial illnesses alter the composition of the cartilage and the structural organization of growth factors, allowing for moulding. TGF-ß (transforming growth factor-ß) encourages chondrocyte differentiation, whereas IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) stimulates cartilage-forming collagen synthesis and chondrocyte multiplication. We used the scoping review approach to present current research on the role of growth factors in the creation and architecture of nasal cartilage. We generally observed this structure before conducting specific experiments to determine the impact of growth agents on the development of chondrocytes and cartilage. Prominent findings increase our understanding of how growth factors influence the extracellular matrix, cell activities and features, and cartilage growth rate; all are critical for cartilage tissue development and repair. Research into growth factors and their physiological interactions with cartilage may help improve treatment's functional and aesthetic outcomes and our understanding of the origins and consequences of nasal congenital anomalies. This study emphasizes the importance of expanding knowledge and experience, as well as the use of growth factors in clinical practice, to stimulate cartilage development.

Organotin exposure and DNA methylation in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: Integrating findings from case-control studies and animal experiments.

Human exposure to organotin is common but little is known about the adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between organotin exposure and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Placental samples (109 NSCL/P cases and 128 controls) were analyzed for 8 organotin concentrations, and subsequent animal experiments were conducted by administering tributyltin (TBT) during critical developmental periods. DNA methylation BeadChip analysis (12 NSCL/P and 12 controls), bisulfite Sequencing analysis (3 NSCL/P and 3 controls mice), and RNA sequencing were performed to explore epigenetic mechanisms. Logistic regression, LASSO regression, support vector machine, random forest, and mediation effect analysis were utilized to identify key genes related to TBT and NSCL/P. Only tributyltin met the detection criteria for further analysis among 8 compounds. The median levels of TBT in cases (8.93 ng/g) were statistically significantly higher than those in controls (5.33 ng/g). Excessive TBT exposure in maternal placenta was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (OR = 6.44, 95 % CI, 2.91-14.25) in humans, showing a dose-response relationship (p for trend <0.05). 288 differentially methylated CpG sites in 129 genes were identified between cases and controls. Tributyltin was associated with FGFR2 and SCD hypomethylation, which were identified as potential key genes associated with NSCL/P. Mediation analysis suggested that DNA methylation of FGFR2 and SCD may mediate the impact of TBT on NSCL/P occurrence. TBT exposure during the critical period in mice (GD8.5-GD15.5) can induce progeny NSCL/P. Altered FGFR2 and SCD hypomethylation and gene expression observed in response to TBT exposure in fetal mice. Excessive TBT exposure was associated with increased risks of human NSCL/P. TBT exposure can induce NSCL/P in fetal mice. FGFR2 and SCD were implicated in NSCL/P pathogenesis, potentially mediated by DNA methylation alterations.

Dynamic and static nasolabial muscle anatomy of unilateral cleft lip adult patients based on magnetic resonance imaging data.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients with different degrees of unilateral cleft lip and analyze the anatomy and changes in multiple groups of nasolabial muscles under dynamic and static conditions. METHODS: One normal person and four adult patients with unilateral cleft lip were included, and MRI was performed under static (upper and lower lips closed naturally) and dynamic (pout and grin) conditions. 3D Slicer software was used to reconstruct the model and draw the anatomic morphology of nasolabial muscles. The distance between the junction (where the muscle merges into the orbicularis oris) of the levator muscle, zygomaticminor muscle, and zygomatic major muscle to the median sagittal plane, the starting point to the junction point, the dynamic and static junction points, and the angle between the connection of dynamic and static junctions and the horizontal plane were measured under three kinds of movements, and the ratio was calculated. RESULTS: In all patients, under dynamic and static conditions, the distance from the muscle junction to the median sagittal plane, their ratios of the cleft side to the non-cleft side were all greater than 1. While the ratio of the distance from the starting point of the muscle to the junction point is less than 1. At static conditions, the two ratios of the same muscle increased gradiently with the severity of the cleft, and the ratio of the zygomatic minor muscle was prominent in the same patient. The ratio of the cleft side to the non-cleft side was greater than 1, and the value for comparison was the angle of the line from the static to the dynamic junction and the horizontal plane. CONCLUSIONS: The symmetry of the insertion site of the orbicularis oris and the linear distance of both sides of the muscle are related to muscle and cleft types. The angle of muscle contraction on the cleft side is greater than that on the non-cleft side.

Three-dimensional Assessment of Longitudinal Surgical Outcome in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Modified Rotation Advancement Technique.

BACKGROUND: Optimization of a modified rotation advancement technique is hampered by lack of objective measures to quantify the longitudinal surgical outcome. METHODS: We collected and assessed facial 3D images of 115 consecutive patients who underwent primary repair between 2017 and 2019. Photogrammetry was performed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively and at a first and second follow-up interval, occurring at an average year of 0.6 and 5.3 years, respectively. 10 additional age-matched noncleft control subjects were also included. RESULTS: Growth lag in cleft side lateral lip and gradual elongation of medial lip height on the cleft side caused continuous deviation of philtrum towards the cleft side. The columellar length on the cleft side continued to grow slower, accompanied by a persistent widening of alar base width on the cleft side, leading to in the gradual deviation of columella towards the cleft side. The pre-operative and post-operative nasolabial asymmetry would increase with greater degree of postoperative deficiencies. Right clefts presented with greater degrees of deficiencies in lateral lip height in preoperative measurement, but this discrepancy of the laterality of clefts was not observed in the two follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: The surgical outcome of this modified rotational advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip primary repair is promising. Growth lag in lateral lip and lateral displacement of alar base cause continuous deviation of philtrum towards the cleft side. Pre-operative severity does predict post-operative outcomes. Laterality of oral clefts does not significantly affect the long-term outcomes of surgery. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: This surgical technique meets the current trend of cleft lip and palate primary repair and is worth promoting.

Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome with a Family History of Van der Woude Syndrome: A Case Report.

Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a rare inherited disorder involving the face, limbs, and genitalia. The most prominent and handicapping deformity associated with this syndrome is Popliteal pterygium. Popliteal pterygium is a contracture band that extends from ischial tuberosity to calcaneum. It is a dense fibrous band difficult to correct surgically. We report a case of PPS with her two other family members diagnosed with Van der Woude syndrome. Single-stage surgical release is ineffective due to shortened neurovascular and surrounding soft tissues. Multimodality treatment with surgical release and motivated parents may help these children to rehabilitate.

Nonsurgical Treatment of Oral Mucocele With Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections: A Case Report.

Oral mucoceles are common lesions resulting from alterations in minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation. Deleterious habits such as lip biting, sucking, or trauma from oral appliances can result in the occurrence of mucoceles. Although conventional surgical removal has been the preferred treatment option, it is associated with drawbacks, including the risk of damaging nearby ducts and the formation of satellite lesions. A 13-year-old male patient visited the department with a sessile, nodular, and exophytic lesion on the lower lip and a persistent history of traumatic lip biting. The treatment involved the administration of intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide at the base of the lesion. A significant reduction was noted after the first injection, with the lesion showing complete resolution within two weeks. No recurrence was observed during the six-month follow-up period. This case highlights the effectiveness of intralesional corticosteroid injections as a non-surgical treatment option for mucoceles. This treatment modality, due to its non-invasive nature, can be particularly considered as the primary treatment choice in the pediatric population, facilitating effective behavior management.

Disease burden and attributable risk factors of lip and oral cavity cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2031.

Aims: This study addresses the essential need for updated information on the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) in China for informed healthcare planning. We aim to estimate the temporal trends and the attributable burdens of selected risk factors of LOC in China (1990-2021), and to predict the possible trends (2022-2031). Subject and methods: Analysis was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, encompassing six key metrics: incidence, mortality, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs). Absolute number and age-standardized rates, alongside 95% uncertainty intervals, were computed. Forecasting of disease burden from 2022 to 2031 was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Results: Over the observed period (1990-2021), there were notable increases in the number of deaths (142.2%), incidence (283.7%), prevalence (438.0%), DALYs (109.2%), YLDs (341.2%), and YLLs (105.1%). Age-standardized rates demonstrated notable changes, showing decreases and increases of -5.8, 57.3, 143.7, -8.9%, 85.8%, and - 10.7% in the respective metrics. The substantial majority of LOC burden was observed among individuals aged 40-79 years, and LOC may exhibit a higher burden among males in China. From 2022 to 2031, the age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of LOC showed upward trends; while mortality, DALYs, and YLLs showed downward trends, and their estimated values were predicted to change to 2.72, 10.47, 1.11, 1.10, 28.52, and 27.43 per 100,000 in 2031, respectively. Notably, tobacco and high alcohol use emerged as predominant risk factors contributing to the burden of LOC. Conclusion: Between 1990 and 2021, the disability burden from LOC in China increased, while the death burden decreased, and projections suggest these trends will persist over the next decade. A significant portion of this disease burden to modifiable risk factors, specifically tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, predominantly affecting males and individuals aged 40-79 years. Attention to these areas is essential for implementing targeted interventions and reducing the impact of LOC in China.

Comparative 3D Analysis of Lip Rejuvenation: Investigating Effects Before and After Soft-Tissue Filler Compared with Controls.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lip metrics before and after facial rejuvenation treatment with hyaluronic acid-based fillers and to compare them with those of a control group using stereophotogrammetry (3D). METHODOLOGY: This study included 63 Caucasian women divided into Group C (<30 years, n=30) and Group H (>30 years, n=33), which was further divided into before (HT0) and after (HT1) lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA). Eleven anthropometric landmarks were identified for linear, angular, and surface area measurements. Three photos were captured in Group C, while Group H had photos taken at T0 and T1. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post hoc and pairwise comparison tests were performed to analyze differences between variables (P value < 0.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between lip width (ChR-ChL) and philtrum width (CphR-CphL) (P<.001). The total heights of the upper (Ls-Li) and lower vermilion lips (Sto-Li) increased, and the heights of the upper (Sn-Ls) and lower (Li-Sl) cutaneous lips decreased. The angles related to the philtrum (ChR-CphR-Ls, P<.001; ChL-CphL-Ls, P<.001) and nasolabial angle (Prn-Sn-Ls) (P<.001) exhibited significant differences. The surface areas of the upper, lower, and total vermilion lip showed significant differences (P<.001). Tukey's test indicated no significant differences in surface area after lip augmentation between the HT1 and C groups. CONCLUSION: Analysis of lip morphology after a filler procedure revealed a reversal of age-related changes, with increases in vermilion lip height and surface area comparable to those of younger individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .

Research Trends in Presurgical Infant Orthopaedic Treatment in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Bibliometric Analysis of 100 Most-Cited Articles.

OBJECTIVE: To assess research trends and publication patterns of literature related to presurgical infant orthopaedics (PSIO) through a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The top 100 most-cited articles were identified in the Web of Science (WoS) database using search terms related to PSIO on April 23, 2024, without any restrictions to study design, publication date and language. Standard information about each study was extracted. Citations from WoS, Scopus and PubMed databases were compared. The level of evidence for each article included was assessed. Association between different variables was calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Visual analysis of the author's keyword co-occurrence, co-authorship analysis of authors, and citation analysis of journals and authors were performed using VOSviewer. RESULTS: Top cited articles were published from 1994 to 2020, with total individual database citations being WoS (n = 5378), Scopus (n = 6184) and PubMed (n = 10 450). Eleven articles were considered classic articles. Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Journal (Impact Factor = 1.1) had a maximum number of articles and citations. Two hundred eighty-five individuals contributed to top-cited articles, with 62 corresponding authors from 19 countries. A maximum number of authors were affiliated with universities in the United States. The most common keyword used was "nasoalveolar molding (n = 24)", "cleft palate (n = 16)", and "infant orthopedics (n = 16)". The study design of the majority of articles was retrospective and follow-up studies (level 3; n = 53). A weak negative correlation was observed between citation metrics and both the publication year (P < 0.01) and the level of evidence (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This analysis recognises the contributions of experts and offers valuable insights into trends that have shaped the development and evidence related to PSIO research. Future research should focus on integrating advanced technologies, conducting longitudinal studies, fostering collaboration, and emphasizing patient-centred outcomes.

Periodontal health and oral hygiene of children with orofacial clefts in Eastern China.

To comparatively assess the periodontal condition and oral hygiene of children and adolescents at different ages presenting with different types of orofacial clefts (OFCs). A total of 1608 patients aged 6-18 years who had not previously undergone periodontal treatment were enrolled in this study. Participants were categorized into two age groups: 6-12 years (Group I) and 13-18 years (Group II). Participants in both age groups were further classified into one of the three OFC-type subgroups: cleft lip only (without or with alveolar cleft), cleft lip and cleft palate, and cleft palate only. Periodontal health was determined by evaluating plaque formation and gingival status with reference to the Silness and Loe plaque index (PI), Loe gingival index (GI), and community periodontal index (CPI). Periodontal health and oral hygiene were not significantly different between Groups I and II for cleft type (p > 0.05). A significant difference was not observed in PI for cleft type among the groups (p > 0.05). In Group II, GI and CPI were significantly higher than in Group I (p < 0.05). According to our results, cleft type does not influence periodontal health of children and adolescents with OFCs. Age, however, influences periodontal diseases' prevalence and severity.

Involving Experts by Experience in Craniofacial Research.

Many areas of health research increasingly involve end users of research (typically patients and their families/caregivers) in study design, management, and dissemination. Beyond recruiting patients as research participants, the shift is towards engaging patients, parents and caregivers as active partners on the research team, who are recognised and valued as 'experts-by-experience' (EbyE). Currently, involving EbyE is not routine in global craniofacial research. This paper highlights the value of EbyE involvement, addresses how to incorporate EbyE at all stages of research and discusses key considerations in facilitating positive experiences for EbyE.

Investigating Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Etiology of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in the Polish Population.

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are the most common congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region, leading to morphological and functional disruptions in the facial region. Their etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, with genetics playing a crucial role. This study aimed to investigate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-rs987525, rs590223, rs522616, and rs4714384-with CL/P in the Polish population. We analyzed DNA samples from 209 individuals with CL/P and 418 healthy controls. The impact of SNPs on the presence of CL/P was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Significant associations were found with rs987525. Specifically, the AC genotype was linked to an increased CL/P risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-2.83, p < 0.001), while the CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32-0.67, p < 0.001). Rs4714384 was also significant, with the CT genotype correlated with a reduced risk of CL/P (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46-0.94, p = 0.011). SNPs rs590223 and rs522616 did not show statistically significant associations. These results underscore the role of rs987525 and rs4714384 in influencing CL/P risk and suggest the utility of genetic screening in understanding CL/P etiology.

Quantifying upper lip height difference between two young male and female populations by direct surface measurement: Implications for gender-affirming upper lip shortening surgery.

The female upper lip is shorter than its male counterpart. We have recently described a precise direct surface measurement technique of the philtral height. In this study we aim to quantify the difference in philtral height using this same measuring technique between two groups of young male and female Lebanese subjects. The mean philtral height obtained in the young male group was 15.7 ± 1.7 mm. By comparing this result to the previously described mean philtral height of 14.3 ± 1.9 mm in the young female group, we obtained a mean difference of 1.3 ± 1.8 mm between the two groups. This result confirms and quantifies by direct surface measurement the gender difference in upper lip height and should be considered when planning a gender-affirming upper lip shortening surgery.

The Use of Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Cleft lip alone or a combination of cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common developmental abnormality in the craniofacial region. This umbrella review aims to identify promising avenues for treatment using stem cell therapy. Materials and Methods: Systematic reviews from 2014 to 2024 were searched among databases like PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. PRISMA guidelines were employed to ensure the thoroughness of the search. A quality assessment (ROBIS) of the included reviews was conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the synthesized evidence. Results: Five systematic reviews were selected for this umbrella review. Results show that stem cell therapy, specifically using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipocyte stem cells (ADSCs), promotes bone regeneration in CLP deformities. Although multiple studies have established the effectiveness of diverse types of stem cells in treating CLP, important considerations including safety concerns, methodological variability, and the need for standardization have been identified. The fact that the number of relevant systematic reviews that matched our inclusion criteria was limited could affect this research's robustness and may limit the breadth and depth of evidence synthesis. Definitive conclusions could not be reached due to variation among treatments and outcomes. Conclusions: The examined studies highlight the potential of stem cell therapy as a complementary approach to existing treatments for CLP. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, including concerns regarding safety, variations in methodologies, and the need for standardization. Exploring the potential of other stem cell types may further enhance treatment outcomes for CLP patients.

Defining biomechanical principles in pre-surgical infant orthopedics in a real cleft finite element model.

Presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) is the first step in the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and is designed to approximate the cleft segments as effectively as possible before surgical reconstruction of the lip and palate. The biomechanical efficacy of different PSIO approaches in transferring molding forces to the CLP is unknown. This study aimed to define the biomechanical principles of competing PSIO techniques in a real cleft finite element (FE) model. Active intraoral (Latham), passive alveolar molding (PAM), and extraoral (DynaCleft) molding forces were virtually applied to a real cleft FE model. In the cleft region, PAM (P < 0.001) and Latham (P < 0.05) exerted significantly less stress than DynaCleft. Intraoral molding forces acted primarily at the site of the force initiation without being accompanied by high loads in the midface. PAM showed a tendency toward a better flow behavior of the molding forces than Latham. Extraoral molding transferred high stresses to the cleft, alveolar ridge, and midface. Intraoral passive molding was ultimately characterized by the highest biomechanical efficacy and showed the most favorable load distribution of all of the PSIO approaches considered in this study. Future research is needed to validate the findings against clinical data.

LIP1 Regulates the Plant Circadian Oscillator by Modulating the Function of the Clock Component GIGANTEA.

Circadian clocks are biochemical timers regulating many physiological and molecular processes according to the day/night cycles. The function of the oscillator relies on negative transcriptional/translational feedback loops operated by the so-called clock genes and the encoded clock proteins. Previously, we identified the small GTPase LIGHT INSENSITIVE PERIOD 1 (LIP1) as a circadian-clock-associated protein that regulates light input to the clock in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that LIP1 is also required for suppressing red and blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis, pavement cell shape determination and tolerance to salt stress. Here, we demonstrate that LIP1 is present in a complex of clock proteins GIGANTEA (GI), ZEITLUPE (ZTL) and TIMING OF CAB 1 (TOC1). LIP1 participates in this complex via GUANINE EX-CHANGE FACTOR 7. Analysis of genetic interactions proved that LIP1 affects the oscillator via modulating the function of GI. We show that LIP1 and GI independently and additively regulate photomorphogenesis and salt stress responses, whereas controlling cell shape and photoperiodic flowering are not shared functions of LIP1 and GI. Collectively, our results suggest that LIP1 affects a specific function of GI, possibly by altering binding of GI to downstream signalling components.

Lower lip avulsion: Surgery and management using stem cell metabolites preparation in a domestic cat.

Background: Lower lip avulsion is a separation between the lip and the associated soft tissue from the mandible. The degree of these types of injuries varies and heavily affects the outcome of the case. Case Description: This study reported an extensive lower lip avulsion managed by surgery and stem cell metabolite preparation. A one year and nine month-old domestic cats was referred for lower lip avulsion surgery to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University. Owing to the limited amount of tissue, immediate successful results cannot be achieved after the first surgery. Furthermore, tissue necrosis and lack of physical restraint to the cat at home contributed to the delayed union between the soft tissue and mandible, resulting in repeated surgery. Stem cell metabolites preparation was applied at the surgical site and was incorporated into the therapy to support tissue growth. Conclusion: The combination of surgical treatment and stem cell metabolite preparation resulted in good wound healing in the present case.

Analysis and Visualization of Quantitative Proteomics Data Using FragPipe-Analyst.

The FragPipe computational proteomics platform is gaining widespread popularity among the proteomics research community because of its fast processing speed and user-friendly graphical interface. Although FragPipe produces well-formatted output tables that are ready for analysis, there is still a need for an easy-to-use and user-friendly downstream statistical analysis and visualization tool. FragPipe-Analyst addresses this need by providing an R shiny web server to assist FragPipe users in conducting downstream analyses of the resulting quantitative proteomics data. It supports major quantification workflows, including label-free quantification, tandem mass tags, and data-independent acquisition. FragPipe-Analyst offers a range of useful functionalities, such as various missing value imputation options, data quality control, unsupervised clustering, differential expression (DE) analysis using Limma, and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis using Enrichr. To support advanced analysis and customized visualizations, we also developed FragPipeAnalystR, an R package encompassing all FragPipe-Analyst functionalities that is extended to support site-specific analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs). FragPipe-Analyst and FragPipeAnalystR are both open-source and freely available.