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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between religiosity and alcohol use among adolescents with orofacial clefts. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed in a Brazilian public and tertiary hospital, between December 2021 and March 2022. Data collection was hybrid, and three instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Durel Religiosity Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. For statistical analysis, the following tests were used: χ2, Fisher's Exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, in addition to analyses of linear correlation strength and bivariate logistic regression. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5% (p≤0.05). Results: 370 adolescents participated, with a mean age of 15.2 years (±1.8). Among them, 23 (5.4%) used alcohol riskly or harmfully, being more frequent among male adolescents (p=0.001), those of mixed race (p=0.046), attending high school (p=0.011), with no religion (p<0.001), or who did not attend religious services (p<0.001). Levels of organizational, non-organizational and intrinsic religiosity were significantly lower among adolescents with risky or harmful alcohol use (p=0.005; p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between risky or harmful alcohol use and non-organizational (r=0.31; p=0.002) and intrinsic (r=0.36; p<0.001) religiosity. Male adolescents (p<0.001; OR=6.58), closest in age to 18 years (p<0.001; OR=1.37), and non-practitioners of religion (p<0.001; OR=6. 48) presented higher odds of risky or harmful alcohol use. Conclusions: Adolescents with higher levels of organizational and intrinsic religiosity used less alcohol, while males, closest in age to 18 years, and non-practitioners of religion presented higher odds of using alcohol riskly or harmfully.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a religiosidade e o uso de álcool em adolescentes com fissura orofacial. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital público e terciário brasileiro entre dezembro de 2021 e março de 2022. A coleta de dados foi híbrida, e foram utilizados três instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Religiosidade de Durel e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Para a análise estatística foram empregados os testes: qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, além das análises de forças de correlação linear e de regressão logística bivariada. O nível de significância adotado para todos os testes foi de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados: Participaram 370 adolescentes, com média de idade de 15,2 anos (±1,8). Entre eles, 23 (5,4%) usavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial. A religiosidade organizacional, não organizacional e a intrínseca foram significativamente menos frequentes entre adolescentes que utilizavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial (p=0,005; p<0,001 e p=0,002, respectivamente). Evidenciou-se correlação moderada entre o uso arriscado ou prejudicial do álcool e a religiosidade não organizacional (r=0,31; p=0,002) e a intrínseca (r=0,36; p<0,001). Apresentaram maiores chances de usar o álcool adolescentes do sexo masculino (p<0,001; odds ratio — OR=6,58), com idade mais próxima aos 18 anos (p<0,001; OR=1,37) e que não praticavam a religião (p<0,001; OR=6,48). Conclusões: Adolescentes com maiores níveis de religiosidade organizacional e intrínseca utilizaram menos frequentemente álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial, enquanto ser homem, possuir idade mais próxima aos 18 anos e não praticar a religião aumentou a chance de utilizar álcool.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). Conclusions: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.
RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre vitimização por bullying e comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes. Métodos: Uma amostra representativa de 1.020 adolescentes participou do estudo. As variáveis bullying, comportamentos de risco à saúde (tabaco, drogas, álcool, comportamento sedentário, uso de smartphone, nível de atividade física, sono) e situação econômica foram avaliadas por meio de questionários autorreportados. Razões de chance com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio de regressão logística binária e regressão logística ordinal, bruta e ajustada (p<0,05). Resultados: As vítimas de bullying apresentaram maior probabilidade de fumar (OR 1,75; IC95% 1,28-2,40), consumir álcool (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,05-1,94), ter pior qualidade de sono (OR 1,94; IC95% 1,28-2,91) e apresentar mais comportamento sedentário (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,08-1,89) do que aqueles que não sofreram bullying. No entanto, as vítimas eram mais propensas a ter níveis elevados de atividade física do que os seus pares não vítimas de bullying (OR 1,66; IC95% 1,22-2,27). Conclusões: A vitimização por bullying esteve associada ao aumento da predisposição para a adoção de comportamentos de risco à saúde. Curiosamente, as vítimas também eram mais propensas a participar de atividades físicas.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the implications of social contingency measures and interruption of outpatient follow-up on weight gain in children and adolescents with a previous diagnosis of obesity. Methods: This is an observational study with data from electronic medical records of children and adolescents followed up at a specialized outpatient clinic from 2019 to 2023. Weight gain, height, BMI variation, BMI z-score, laboratory tests, and associated comorbidities were analyzed. The data were computed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: There was a weight gain of approximately 17.66% in the total set of participants, corresponding to a median increase of 14 kg. When analyzing between genders, we observed an approximate increase of 21.38% in body weight for men, while for women, it was 21.45%. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant weight gain among previously obese children and adolescents in follow-up at a specialized outpatient clinic.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as implicações das medidas de contingenciamento social e interrupção do acompanhamento ambulatorial sobre o ganho de peso de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico prévio de obesidade. Métodos: Estudo observacional com dados proveniente de prontuários eletrônicos de crianças e adolescentes acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Obesidade na Criança e no Adolescente do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, no período de 2019 a 2023. Analisaram-se ganho ponderal, altura, variação do índice de massa corporal (IMC), escore Z de IMC, exames laboratoriais e comorbidade associadas. Os dados foram computados e analisados pelo programa StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: Constatou-se aumento ponderal de aproximadamente 17,6% no conjunto total de participantes, correspondendo ao acréscimo mediano de 14 kg. Ao analisarmos os gêneros, observamos elevação aproximada de 21,38% no peso corporal do sexo masculino, enquanto a do sexo feminino foi de 21,4%. Conclusões: A pandemia de COVID-19 levou a ganho peso significante entre crianças e adolescentes previamente obesos, que estavam em seguimento em ambulatório especializado.
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En la actualidad, la atención en salud de las personas con enfermedad crónica requiere planificar el abordaje en distintos momentos de su vida. Los avances de la medicina permiten que cada vez mayor cantidad de niños que padecen distintas enfermedades orgánicas crónicas lleguen a la adolescencia y a la adultez. Los equipos de salud deben centrarse en el diseño planificado de modos de atención que faciliten el proceso de transición de un hospital pediátrico a una institución de salud de adultos de manera exitosa. En dicho proceso resulta fundamental tener en cuenta los aspectos emocionales tanto del paciente y su familia como del equipo de salud, identificando las barreras que impiden llevar a cabo este proceso y las posibilidades que emergen del mismo (AU)
Currently, health care for people with chronic illness requires planning the approach at different times in their lives. Advances in medicine allow an increasing number of children who suffer from different chronic organic diseases to reach adolescence and adulthood. Health teams should focus on the planned design of care modes that facilitate the process of transition from a pediatric hospital to an adult health institution successfully. In this process, it is essential to take into account the emotional aspects of both the patient and his family and the health team, identifying the barriers that prevent this process from being carried out and the possibilities that emerge from it (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Serviço Social , Família , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Cuidadores , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Transição para Assistência do Adulto , Serviços de Saúde MentalRESUMO
Se realizó una investigación educacional en el preuniversitario Inés Luaces Sánchez del municipio Camagüey en el periodo comprendido de mayo a noviembre de 2023 con el objetivo de diagnosticar los hábitos alimentarios saludables en los estudiantes de la Sociedad Científica Estudiantil Jóvenes por la Salud. Dentro de los métodos empíricos fueron utilizados la revisión bibliográfica para obtener información sobre el tema a través de bases de datos como Science Direct, PubMed, Medline y SciELO y el cuestionario. Se evidenció que tienen un consumo deficiente de pescado, frutas y vegetales y un elevado consumo de azucares, grasas y pan. Se concluye que los estudiantes poseen insuficientes hábitos alimentarios saludables y son limitados sus conocimientos acerca de los beneficios de los alimentos orgánicos, dentro de estos las setas comestibles.
An educational research was carried out at the Inés Luaces Sánchez high school in the municipality of Camagüey in the period from May to November 2023 with the objective of diagnosing healthy eating habits in the students of the Young People for Health Student Scientific Society. Among the empirical methods, the bibliographic review was used to obtain information on the topic through databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Medline and SciELO and the questionnaire. It was evident that they have a deficient consumption of fish, fruits and vegetables and a high consumption of sugars, fats and bread. It is concluded that students have insufficient healthy eating habits and their knowledge about the benefits of organic foods, including edible mushrooms, is limited.
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Abstract To evaluate the association between socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a sample of adolescent males from Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los Niños (St. Augustine's Technical High School), located in the Cartago Province of Costa Rica. Data for this study were obtained from a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. The sample consisted of 394 adolescent males aged between 12 and 22 years. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). The following variables were considered: age, parental education, having a remunerated job, Health-Related Quality of Life (measured via the SF-36 questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale), perceived stress (PSS-14), depression (CES-D), physical activity, history of dropping out of school, flossing and tooth- brushing habits, eating snacks between meals, medication intake for illness, having received oral health care instructions, history of dental visits due to pain, frequency of dental visits, history of childhood tooth decay, and access to dental health care during childhood. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test, while Pearson correlation was used for quantitative variables. Multivariable analysis was performed using linear regression. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 using STATA 14®. Enhanced general health-related quality of life (p<0.01) and early childhood dental attendance (p<0.01)were identified as factors associated with improved OHRQoL. Conversely, having had dental visits for pain (p<0.01), elevated depression symptomatology (p<0.01), and a history of childhood dental cavities (p<0.01) were all associated with worse OHRQoL. This study suggests a link between general and oral health. Experiences during childhood appear to set a standard for adolescence. Lastly, it is crucial to note the significant impact of mental health on the perception of oral health.
Resumen Evaluar las asociaciones entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general, factores socioeconómicos, psicosociales y de estilo de vida con la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en una muestra de adolescentes varones del Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los niños. Para analizar los determinantes de la CVRSO, se utilizaron los datos de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 12 y 22 años y los datos fueron recolectados durante 2019. El indicador de salud utilizado fue la CVRSO, la cual se aproximó mediante el instrumento OHIP-49 (Oral Health Impact Profile). Las variables independientes utilizadas fueron la edad, el SF-36 (cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general), el PSS-14 (Escala de Estrés Percibido), CES-D (Escala de Depresión), la escala de Rosemberg (Escala de Autoestima), escolaridad de los padres, haber tenido un trabajo remunerado, realizar deporte, toma de medicamentos, haber desertado la escuela en algún momento, visitas al odontólogo regularmente, haber visitado al odontólogo por dolor, haber recibido instrucciones de higiene oral, haber tenido caries durante la infancia, acceso a servicios de salud oral durante la infancia, haber recibido tratamiento por dolor dental, uso del hilo dental, la frecuencia de cepillado y consumo de meriendas entre comidas. Para los análisis bivariados se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas T de Student y la correlación de Pearson. Para los análisis multivariados, se utilizó una regresión lineal ajustando por todas las variables significativas en el análisis bivariado. El umbral de significancia estadística utilizado fue de un 5% (p<0.05). El programa de estadística utilizado fue STATA versión 14®. Una mejor la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general (p<0,01) y haber visitado los servicios odontológicos durante la infancia (p<0,01) se identificaron como factores que influyen positivamente en la CVRSO. Por el contrario, se observó que haber visitado al dentista por dolor (p<0,01), haber reportado sintomatología de depresión (p<0,01) y antecedentes de caries dentales infantiles (p<0,01), contribuyeron a una peor CVRSO. Este estudio sugiere un vínculo intrínseco entre la salud general y bucal. Las experiencias de salud durante la niñez parecen establecer un estándar para la adolescencia. Por último, es fundamental señalar el impacto significativo de la salud mental en la percepción de la salud bucal.
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Abstract The evidence on the relationships between aggression and empathy is unclear in the literature. A recent meta- analysis indicated that associations are limited, while repeated research in recent years has reported both positive and negative correlations. This systematic review seeks to establish the current evidence on different studies that have been conducted on the relationships between proactive and reactive aggressive behavior and empathy, from the cognitive and affective subdomains, in adolescents, youth and young adults. Method: Systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: 8 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described and discrepancies between the associations of the two variables addressed are reported. Conclusion: there seems to be a certain degree of acceptance of the inhibitory role of empathy against aggression, particularly that of affective empathy. No conclusive results were found for cognitive empathy with the different types of aggression.
Resumen La evidencia sobre las relaciones entre la agresión y la empatía no están claras en la literatura. Un metaanálisis reciente indicó que las asociaciones son limitadas, mientras que reiteradas investigaciones de los últimos años han reportado correlaciones positivas y negativas. Esta revisión sistemática busca establecer la evidencia actual sobre diferentes estudios que se han llevado a cabo sobre las relaciones entre la conducta agresiva de tipo proactivo y reactivo y la empatía, desde los subdominios cognitivo y afectivo, en adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. Método: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: se encontraron 8 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión descritos y se reportan las discrepancias entre las asociaciones de las dos variables abordadas. Conclusión: parece haber cierto grado aceptación en el papel inhibidor de la empatía frente a la agresión, de manera relevante el de la empatía afectiva. No se encontraron resultados concluyentes de la empatía cognitiva con los diferentes tipos de agresión.
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Resumen Objetivo: Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales. Método: A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75). Resultados: El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente. Conclusiones: La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.
Abstract Objective: Given the scarcity of research addressing the intersection of knowledge, sleep quality, and hygiene among adolescents, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the variations and correlations among these variables based on socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Method: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), the Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S), the Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr) were used to measure the sleep characteristics of the 140 Spanish students (M = 16,75; SD = 0,75). Results: Sleep problems were found in 89,3% of the adolescents, underlying poor sleep hygiene in 62,2% and poor general sleep knowledge (SBS = 12,04). Females and students in higher grades presented greater problems in falling asleep, sleepiness, and poor cognitive-emotional management (p < 0,05). Sleep hygiene (β = - 0,344), age (β = 0,154), and self-concept (β = -0,349) were the factors that significantly (p < 0,05) predicted adolescent sleep quality. Conclusions: The acquisition of proper sleep hygiene becomes crucial to enhance the quality of rest and daytime functionality in adolescents, emphasizing its significance, especially in advanced academic levels and specifically in the case of females.
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Abstract Introduction: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life affect emotional response during adolescence. To study the effect of early rearing on emotional response, animal models such as maternal separation (MS) and social enrichment (SE) by community nesting have been useful. However, the comparison of the effect of MS and SE on anxiety-related behaviours in adolescent rats is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of MS and SE on the emotional response of adolescent rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups according to the rearing condition. In the MS group, pups were separated daily from their dams for 180 minutes, from postnatal day (P) 2 to 14. In the SE group, two females that gave birth synchronously were housed in a cage with a litter of eight pups. Females from control standard housing (SH) were individually housed and kept with their offspring until weaning (P23). On P32, anxiety-related measures were evaluated using an EPM. Results: MS and SE increase anxiety-related behaviours and locomotion in rats exposed to the EPM. SE had sex-dependent effects on anxiety-related measures, increasing vertical activity in females and horizontal activity in males. MS but not SE increased body weight gain in female rats. Conclusion: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life may result in an increased anxiety phenotype in the EPM during adolescence. It is likely that the favourable effect of SE depends on the number of dams per communal nest.
Resumen Introducción: Las condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida afectan la respuesta emocional durante la adolescencia. Para estudiar el efecto de la crianza temprana sobre la respuesta emocional, han sido útiles modelos animales como la separación materna (SM) y el enriquecimiento social (ES) mediante anidamiento comunitario. Sin embargo, se desconoce la comparación del efecto de la SM y el ES sobre las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad en ratas adolescentes. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de la SM y el ES sobre la respuesta emocional de ratas adolescentes expuestas al test del laberinto en cruz elevado (EPM). Método: Las ratas Wistar preñadas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres grupos según la condición de crianza. En el grupo SM, las crías fueron separadas diariamente de sus madres durante 180 minutos, desde el día postnatal (P) 2 hasta el 14. En el grupo ES, dos hembras que parieron de forma sincronizada se alojaron en una caja con una camada de ocho crías. Las hembras del alojamiento estándar de control (SH) se alojaron individualmente y se mantuvieron con sus crías hasta el destete (P23). En P32, se evaluaron las medidas relacionadas con la ansiedad mediante un EPM. Resultados: La SM y el ES aumentan las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad y la locomoción en las ratas expuestas al EPM. El ES tuvo efectos dependientes del sexo en las medidas relacionadas con ansiedad, aumentando la actividad vertical en las hembras y la actividad horizontal en los machos. La SM, pero no el ES, incrementó la ganancia de peso corporal en las ratas hembra. Conclusiones: Condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida pueden dar lugar a un fenotipo de ansiedad aumentado en el EPM durante la adolescencia. Es probable que el efecto favorable del ES dependa del número de hembras por nido comunitario.
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Abstract Introduction: Socio-emotional competencies in face-to-face communication are an essential tool for personal and social adjustment from an early age. Online communication has become equally important, especially in adolescence. It is known that its characteristics require specific skills, but there is a lack of studies that analyse the relationship that exists between generally acquired socio-emotional skills and those necessary for online communication. Hence, this research is focused on analysing how offline socio-emotional skills predict these online competencies in girls and boys in a differentiated way. Method: This study included 478 Secondary Education students between 10 and 14 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study that used Path Analysis differentiated by sex, with intentional and non-probabilistic sampling. To assess socio-emotional competencies, we used the ESCQ-21 instrument for generally assessed socio-emotional competencies and the e-COM questionnaire to quantify online socio-emotional competencies. Results: The explanatory model indicates that socio-emotional competencies are partially transferred to the online environment in both sexes, especially Perception and comprehension. Furthermore, it is suggested that E-self-control of impulsiveness and E-emotional autonomy require specific development in that environment. Conclusions: It seems reasonable to include online experiences that encourage development in online spaces. The repercussions for the educational field are analysed.
Resumen Introducción: Las competencias socioemocionales en la comunicación cara a cara son herramientas esenciales para el ajuste personal y social desde temprana edad. La comunicación en línea ha adquirido igual importancia, especialmente durante la adolescencia. Si bien se reconoce que sus características requieren habilidades específicas, hay escasez de estudios que analicen la relación existente entre las habilidades socioemocionales generalmente adquiridas y aquellas necesarias para la comunicación en línea. Por tanto, esta investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo las habilidades socioemocionales fuera de línea predicen las competencias en línea entre chicas y chicos de manera diferenciada. Método: Este estudio incluyó a 478 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Este es un estudio transversal que utilizó el Path Analysis diferenciado por sexo, con muestreo intencional y no probabilístico. Para evaluar las competencias socioemocionales, se utilizó el instrumento ESCQ-21 para las competencias socioemocionales generales el cuestionario e-COM para cuantificar las competencias socioemocionales en línea. Resultados: El modelo explicativo indica que las competencias socioemocionales se transfieren parcialmente al entorno en línea en ambos sexos, especialmente la Percepción y comprensión emocional. Además, se sugiere que el E-autocontrol de la impulsividad y la E-autonomía emocional requieren un desarrollo específico en ese entorno. Conclusiones: Parece razonable incorporar y mejorar las experiencias en línea fomentando el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales para este contexto. Se examinan las repercusiones para el ámbito educativo.
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Introducción: El etiquetado nutricional constituye una herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones alimentarias informadas. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos envasados de la merienda escolar en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de una institución educativa de Asunción durante 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo que incluyó 69 estudiantes (edad media 13±0,73 años). Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar conocimientos sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos. Resultados: El 88,4% identificó correctamente la información calórica, mientras que solo 40,6% reconoció la información sobre fibra. El 81,2% identificó el rotulado de exceso de azúcares. El 66,7% adquiere sus meriendas en la cantina escolar, con predominio de consumo diario de jugos envasados (31,9%) y alimentos sin etiquetado nutricional (37,7%). Conclusión: Los adolescentes demuestran conocimiento del etiquetado nutricional, particularmente sobre calorías y azúcares, aunque este conocimiento no necesariamente influye en sus elecciones alimentarias.
Introduction: Nutrition labeling constitutes a fundamental tool for informed dietary decision making. The objective was to assess the knowledge of nutritional labeling and labeling of packaged foods for school snacks among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from an educational institution in Asuncion during 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that included 69 students (mean age 13±0.73 years). A structured questionnaire was applied to assess knowledge of nutritional labeling and food selection patterns. Results: 88.4% correctly identified caloric information, while only 40.6% recognized fiber information. 81.2% identified the labeling of excess sugars. A total of 66.7% acquired their snacks at the school canteen, with a predominance of daily consumption of packaged juices (31.9%) and foods without nutritional labeling (37.7%). Conclusion: Adolescents demonstrate knowledge of nutrition labeling, particularly on calories and sugars, although this knowledge does not necessarily influence their food choices.
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Introducción: El acceso a métodos anticonceptivos modernos constituye un determinante clave en la salud sexual y reproductiva, particularmente en regiones con desigualdades socioeconómicas. En Argentina, diversas políticas públicas han buscado garantizar este acceso, especialmente en las regiones del Norte del país. Objetivo: Analizar las variaciones en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos entre mujeres de 15-49 años en Argentina, con énfasis en las regiones NOA y NEA durante 2011-2012 y 2019-2020, examinando su distribución según estratos socioeconómicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal descriptivo. Se analizaron datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Indicadores Múltiples por Conglomerados (MICS) 2011-2012 (n=20844) y 2019-2020 (n=11763). Se realizó análisis comparativo de prevalencias con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se observó un incremento significativo en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos en Argentina (57,69% a 61,33%) y NOA (43,78% a 57,46%) entre 2011-2012 y 2019-2020. Los implantes subdérmicos mostraron el mayor aumento en adolescentes del NOA (0% a 35,24%) y NEA (0% a 32,59%). En los quintiles más pobres, el uso de anticonceptivos aumentó significativamente, especialmente en el NEA (31,04% a 52,30%). Conclusión: El incremento en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos, particularmente en poblaciones vulnerables del Norte argentino, sugiere un impacto positivo de las políticas públicas implementadas, especialmente del Plan ENIA, en la mejora del acceso a la anticoncepción.
Introduction : Access to modern contraceptive methods constitutes a key determinant in sexual and reproductive health, particularly in regions with socioeconomic inequalities. In Argentina, several public policies have sought to guarantee this access, especially in the northern regions of the country. Objective : To analyze variations in the use of contraceptive methods among women aged 15-49 years in Argentina, with emphasis on the NOA and NEA regions during 2011-2012 and 2019-2020, examining their distribution according to socioeconomic strata. Materials and methods : Quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. Data from the National Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) 2011-2012 (n=20844) and 2019-2020 (n=11763) were analyzed. Comparative prevalence analysis was performed with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A significant increase in the use of contraceptive methods was observed in Argentina (57.69% to 61.33%) and NOA (43.78% to 57.46%) between 2011-2012 and 2019-2020. Subdermal implants showed the greatest increase in adolescents in the NOA (0% to 35.24%) and NEA (0% to 32.59%). In the poorest quintiles, contraceptive use increased significantly, especially in the NEA (31.04% to 52.30%). Conclusion : The increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods, particularly in vulnerable populations of Northern Argentina, suggests a positive impact of the implemented public policies, especially the ENIA Plan, in improving access to contraception.
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RESUMO Este estudo pesquisou 27 adolescentes do sexo masculino em regime socioeducativo no Centro de Atendimento Intensivo Belford Roxo. É um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com proposta metodológica de estudo de caso. Na obtenção de dados, foram aplicados questionários que consistiram em obter respostas sobre i) dados sociodemográficos, ii) triagem do envolvimento com fumo, álcool e outras drogas, iii) Inventário Beck de depressão e iv) ideação suicida de Beck. O grupo pesquisado era composto de 16,48 anos como média de idade; percentual de 92,6% de cor parda ou preta; 70,37% tinham frequentado entre a 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental I e a 9ª série do Ensino Fundamental II; 44,44% faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas diuturnamente; 40,74% apresentaram sintomas depressivos; 25,92% apresentaram histórico de ideação suicida, e 11,11% já tinham tentado suicídio. Os pesquisados com problemas de uso de substâncias psicoativas enfrentam um alto risco simultâneo de saúde mental, agravante que pode incorrer em situação de vida mais difícil com problemas sociais difusos, um quadro de saúde precário, prognosticando adversidades gerais. Dessa forma, é alarmante a situação desses adolescentes, que é uma amostra do submundo periférico das cidades, denotando a urgência de ações de saúde pública e do Estado.
ABSTRACT This study investigated 27 male adolescents in socio-educational care at the Belford Roxo Intensive Care Center. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a case study methodological proposal. To obtain data, questionnaires were applied that consisted of obtaining answers about i) sociodemographic data, ii) screening for involvement with smoking, alcohol and other drugs, iii) Beck Depression Inventory and iv) Beck suicidal ideation. The group studied was composed of 16.48 years old as a mean; 92.6% were brown or black; 70.37% had attended between the 5th grade of Elementary School I and the 9th grade of Elementary School II; 44.44% consumed alcoholic beverages daily; 40.74% presented depressive symptoms; 25.92% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 11.11% had already attempted suicide. Those surveyed with substance use problems face a high simultaneous risk of mental health problems, an aggravating factor that can result in a more difficult life situation with diffuse social problems, a precarious health status, and a prediction of general adversity. Thus, the situation of these adolescents, who are a sample of the peripheral underworld of cities, is alarming, indicating the urgency of public health and state actions.
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OBJETIVO: Describir los efectos adversos y aceptabilidad del Implanón en menores de 24 años. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de 98 mujeres reclutadas consecutivamente. Se utilizó el programa Epi Info versión 7. Las menores de 18 años, se atendían mediante asentimiento. Se excluyeron las pacientes con contraindicaciones. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 19,6 años, 47,4% adolescentes y 52,5% adultos jóvenes. El 85,7% tuvo inicio de vida sexual entre los 15 y 19 años. Las alteraciones más frecuentes fueron cambios en los patrones de sangrado. Hubo una diferencia importante entre las que estaban en el posparto y las que no habían tenido partos recientes. Además, una paciente con antecedentes médicos de esquizofrenia tuvo períodos de mayor agresividad durante los primeros seis meses de uso del implante. Hubo aumento de peso en el 30% de las pacientes. Nueve pacientes se retiraron el implante. No hubo embarazos. CONCLUSIONES: Hubo una gran aceptación de las mujeres que usaron Implanón. Esto se debió al estricto seguimiento y control durante el estudio y al mismo tiempo, se redujo el sangrado en cantidad y tiempo, logrando un bajo porcentaje de retiro antes de los tres años. (provisto por Infomedic International)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the adverse effects and acceptability of Implanon in patients under 24 years of age. METHODOLOGY: Prospective descriptive study of 98 women consecutively recruited. The Epi Info version 7 program was used. Those under 18 years of age were attended by assent. Patients with contraindications were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age was 19.6 years, 47.4% adolescents and 52.5% young adults. 85.7% had the onset of sexual life between 15 and 19 years of age. The alterations more frequent were changes in bleeding patterns. There was a significant difference between those who were postpartum and those who had not had recent births. In addition, a patient with a medical history of schizophrenia had periods of increased aggression during the first six months of implant use. Weight gain occurred in 26% of patients. Nine patients had the implant removed. There were no pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: There was a great acceptance of women who used Implanon. This was due to the strict follow-up and control during the study and at the same time, bleeding was reduced in quantity and time, achieving a low percentage of withdrawal before three years. (provided by Infomedic International)
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública. América latina es la región con mayor fecundidad adolescente en el mundo después de áfrica subsahariana. En panamá alrededor del 15 al 20% de embarazos ocurre en adolescentes a pesar de las estrategias, de ahí el interés en realizar este estudio el cual tuvo como objetivo conocer los factores de riesgo y las complicaciones asociadas al embarazo en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años que completaron su embarazo en el hospital dr. Luis "chicho" fábrega entre enero y diciembre 2022. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal donde se revisaron los expedientes de dichas pacientes. Para el cálculo de la muestra, la tabulación y análisis de la información se utilizó el programa EPI INFO 7. RESULTADOS: Se pudo conocer que de 3353 partos atendidos un 16% fueron en adolescentes, se describen determinantes como lugar de residencia en comarcas (35.7%), inicio de vida sexual entre 10 y 13 años (12.1%), multiparidad (17%), vía de terminación del parto vaginal (62.1%) y cesárea (37.9%), pérdida de bienestar fetal (36.5%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron desgarro del canal del parto (17.4%), anemia (16.1%) y ruptura prematura de membranas (15,6%). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados respaldan la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias para prevenir los factores de riesgo modificables y prevenir el embarazo adolescente y sus complicaciones. (provisto por Infomedic International)
INTRODUCTION: Teen pregnancy is a public health problem. Latin America is the region with the highest adolescent fertility in the world after Sub-Saharan Africa. In Panama about 15 to 20% of pregnancies occur in adolescents despite strategies, hence the interest in conducting this study which aimed to know the risk factors and complications associated with pregnancy in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who completed their pregnancy at the Hospital Dr. Luis "Chicho" Fábrega between January and December 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted where the records of said patients were reviewed. The Epi Info 7 program was used to calculate the sample, tabulate and analyze the information. RESULTS: It was possible to know that out of 3353 deliveries attended 16% were adolescents. Determinants were described as place of residence in Comarcas (35.7%), start of sexual life between 10 and 13 years (12.1%), multiparity (17%), vaginal (62.1%) and cesarean (37.9%), loss of fetal well-being (36.5%). The most frequent complications were birth canal tear (17.4%), anemia (16.1%) and premature rupture of membranes (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the need to improve strategies to prevent modifiable risk factors and prevent adolescent pregnancy and its complications. (provided by Infomedic International)
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Urinary tract infections and bacteriuria are common in the pediatric population, and antibiotic resistance is increasing significantly. Recurrent urinary infections, symptomatic or asymptomatic, are a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bacteriuria diagnosed by culture to identify the main causal agents and sensitivity to antibiotics in adolescents from the central region of the state of Tlaxcala. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 905 adolescents from 11 to 18 years old who lived in the central region of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Bacteriuria was evaluated by positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and urine culture with antibiogram. Multivariate logistic regression models were executed to evaluate the risk of presenting bacteriuria, with a confidence level of 95%. A total of 31 participants had a positive urine culture, with a bacteriuria prevalence of 3.4%, of which 29 cases were asymptomatic. The most frequent agent was Escherichia coli) in both sexes (28.6% in men and 29.7% in women) and regarding bacterial resistance: E. coli presented greater resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfametoxazol and ceftriaxone. The risk factors associated with bacteriuria were female sex, sexual activity, use of contraceptives, and greater consumption of sweetened beverages. Bacteriuria is common in this adolescent population, so its early identification is necessary to treat it, and to prevent its complications.
Las infecciones del tracto urinario y bacteriuria son comunes en la población pediátrica, y la resistencia a los antibióticos está aumentando significativamente. Las infecciones urinarias recurrentes, sintomáticas o asintomáticas, son un factor de riesgo para desarrollar Enfermedad Renal Crónica en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de bacteriuria diagnosticada por cultivo, identificar los principales agentes causales y la sensibilidad a antibióticos, en adolescentes de la región centro del estado de Tlaxcala. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 905 adolescentes de 11 a 18 años de edad que vivían en la región centro del estado de Tlaxcala, México. La bacteriuria se evaluó mediante nitritos y esterasa leucocitaria positivas, y urocultivo con antibiograma. Se ejecutaron modelos de regresión logística multivariados para evaluar el riesgo de presentar bacteriuria, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Un total de 31 participantes presentaron urocultivo positivo, siendo la prevalencia de bacteriuria del 3.4%, de los cuales 29 casos fueron asintomáticos. El agente que se presentó con mayor frecuencia fue Escherichia coli en ambos sexos (28.6% en hombres y 29.7% en mujeres), y respecto a la resistencia bacteriana: E. coli presentó mayor resistencia a Ampicilina, Trimetoprim/Sulfametoxazol y Ceftriaxona. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la bacteriuria fueron el sexo femenino, actividad sexual, uso de anticonceptivos y un mayor consumo de bebidas azucaras. La bacteriuria es frecuente en esta población adolescente, por lo que es necesaria su identificación temprana para tratarlas y prevenir sus complicaciones.
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Antibacterianos , Bacteriúria , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Adolescente , México/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Bacteriúria/epidemiologia , Bacteriúria/microbiologia , Bacteriúria/tratamento farmacológico , Prevalência , Criança , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Logísticos , Fatores Sexuais , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common problem in Latin America and affects many children. Research has advanced, but international publications do not necessarily reflect our reality. For this reason, the Ibero-American Academy of Pediatric Neurology (AINP) formed a committee to review the available evidence, evaluate it, and decide how it could be applied in our region. Articles were searched in different databases and those corresponding to original works were selected, preferably those that received the best qualifications according to the 2011 version of Oxford Levels of Evidence. The main findings are the need to develop a trauma team available throughout the pediatric level III emergency, early monitoring of intracranial pressure, and multimodal monitoring as methods to improve outcomes. We concluded that much remains to be done and more evidence is needed, but more organization is required to provide specialized resources in the emergency care of these patients.
El traumatismo craneano (TC) es un problema frecuente en América Latina y afecta a muchos niños. La investigación ha avanzado pero las publicaciones internacionales no necesariamente toman en cuenta nuestra realidad. En tal virtud la Academia Iberoamericana de Neurologia Pediatrica (AINP) formo un comité para revisar la evidencia disponible, calificarla y decidir cómo se podía aplica en nuestra región. Se buscaron artículos en distintas bases de datos y se seleccionaron aquellos correspondientes a trabajos originales de preferencia los cuales recibieron calificación de acuerdo a los niveles de evidencia de Oxford versión 2011. Los resultados más importantes son la necesidad de desarrollar un equipo de trauma disponible en toda emergencia pediátrica de III nivel, la monitorización temprana de la presión intracraneana y el monitoreo multimodal como métodos para mejorar los pronósticos. Se concluye que falta mucho por hacer, y más evidencia es necesaria pero más organización es necesaria en proveer recursos especializados en la atención de emergencia de estos pacientes.
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Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Criança , América Latina , Pediatria/métodos , Pressão Intracraniana/fisiologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , NeurologiaRESUMO
The aim was to describe cases of anaphylaxis following the Attenuated Dengue Vaccine (TAK-003) in Brazil, from March 1, 2023, to March 11, 2024. A descriptive study of anaphylaxis cases following TAK-003 was conducted, as reported in the National System of Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). Percentages and notification rates of AEFI per million doses administered (DA) were calculated. In total, 380,358 doses of TAK-003 were administered, and 626 AEFI were reported. Of these, 85 were cases of immediate hypersensitivity, with 24 (63.1 cases per million) being anaphylaxis, including three anaphylactic shock. For 10 (41.7 %) cases, reactions began within 15 min after vaccination. No deaths related to anaphylaxis were reported. In light of the safety signal identification (increased frequency of anaphylaxis post-dengue vaccination), the Ministry of Health of Brazil published recommendations for intensifying actions for safe vaccination, including healthcare professional training and post-vaccination observation.
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Anafilaxia , Vacinas contra Dengue , Dengue , Vacinas Atenuadas , Humanos , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Dengue/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Dengue/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Dengue/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Escolar , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is rare in children and adolescents and tends to present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, leading to late diagnoses. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation and progression in children and adolescents with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated at our hospital and detect possible predisposing conditions of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were followed at the Hospital Posadas within the time frame of January 2000 and December 2021. We searched for diseases predisposing to this cancer. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 16 years (between 11 and 17 years of age). Clinical presentation was abdominal pain in the 8 patients; 4 of them had pain in the right hypochondrium, 3 had abdominal tumor, 4 had rectal bleeding, and 3 had weight loss. Mean symptom duration was 9 weeks (range: 1-24 weeks). None of the patients showed predisposing illnesses. One patient presented with polyposis, with no cases in any other family member. Histology showed mucinous adenocarcinoma in all the patients, 4 of whom had the signet ring cell subtype. The primary tumor was located in the right colon in 6 patients. At diagnosis, staging according to the modified Dukes classification was: I: one patient; IIb: one patient; IIIb: one patient; IIIc: one patient; and IV: 4 patients. All patients except 2 received chemotherapy and one patient received radiotherapy. Overall survival at 3 years was 25%. CONCLUSIONS: All patients presented with mucinous adenocarcinoma, no predisposing diseases were found, and the children with colorectal cancer had a very poor prognosis. Colorectal cancer diagnosis should be considered in children presenting with acute abdominal pain, abdominal tumor, or lower gastrointestinal bleeding, especially if there is weight loss.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/terapia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologiaRESUMO
La obesidad en la adolescencia se encuentra vinculada con los entornos obesogénicos en los que los adolescentes crecen y se desarrollan. La reformulación de alimentos, con miras a cumplir con los lineamientos de la Ley 27642, se posiciona como una estrategia clave para abordar esta problemática y promover hábitos alimentarios más saludables en la mencionada población. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un análisis sensorial y evaluar el grado de aceptabilidad de una galletita salada que cumple con un perfil nutricional sin octógonos negros en población adolescente. Materiales y métodos: se realizaron una prueba sensorial descriptiva en panel semientrenado (n=6) y una afectiva en adolescentes (n=111) de las escuelas Domingo Faustino Sarmiento N° 200 y EESO N° 373 de Coronel Arnold. Los atributos evaluados fueron apariencia, aroma, textura, sabor salado, consistencia y aceptabilidad global, mediante una escala gráfica. Resultados: en la prueba descriptiva, sólo el aroma (p=0,04) y sabor salado (p=0,036) de la galletita reformulada mostraron diferencias significativas respecto a la galletita control. La apariencia, textura, consistencia y aceptabilidad global obtuvieron una puntuación mayor a 6, mientras que el aroma y sabor salado no alcanzaron el punto medio de la escala. En la prueba afectiva, la apariencia (p=0,023), sabor salado (p=0,018) y consistencia (p=0,018) tuvieron una puntuación significativamente menor respecto a la galletita control. No obstante, todos los atributos obtuvieron un puntaje mayor a 6 indicando una buena aceptabilidad por parte de los adolescentes. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los participantes manifestaron una alta aceptabilidad de la muestra reformulada. Si bien la reformulación de alimentos de forma aislada no supone una solución integral al problema de malnutrición, puede representar un punto de partida para la promoción de hábitos alimentarios más saludables en la población adolescente
Obesity in adolescence is linked to the obesogenic environments where adolescents grow and develop. Food reformulation, to comply with Law 27,642, is positioned as a key strategy to address this problem and promote healthier eating habits in the aforementioned population. The work aimed to carry out a sensory analysis and evaluate the acceptability of a salty cookie that meets a nutritional profile without black octagons in the adolescent population. Materials and methods: a descriptive sensory test was carried out on a semi-trained panel (n=6) and an affective test on adolescents (n=111) from the Domingo Faustino Sarmiento N° 200 and EESO N° 373 schools of Coronel Arnold. The attributes evaluated were appearance, smell, texture, saltiness, chewiness, and overall acceptability, using a graphic scale. Results: in the descriptive test, only the smell (p=0.04) and saltiness (p=0.036) of the reformulated cookie showed significant differences compared to the control cookie. Appearance, texture, chewiness, and overall acceptability obtained a score greater than 6, while smell and saltiness did not reach the midpoint of the scale. In the affective test, appearance (p=0.023), saltiness (p=0.018), and chewiness (p=0.018) had a significantly lower score compared to the control cookie. However, all attributes tained a score greater than 6, indicating good 0acceptability by adolescents. Conclusions: the majority of participants expressed high acceptability of the reformulated sample. Although food reformulation in isolation does not represent a comprehensive solution to the problem of malnutrition, it can represent a starting point for promoting healthier eating habits in the adolescent population