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1.
Pediatr Nephrol ; 2025 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39903241

RESUMO

Disasters pose significant risks to vulnerable populations, particularly children with chronic health conditions such as kidney disease. This paper explores the unique challenges faced by children with kidney disease during and after disasters, focusing on disruptions to essential medical services such as dialysis, access to clean water, and maintenance medications. The vulnerability of these children is further amplified in low-resource settings, where disaster preparedness is often lacking. We present strategies for improving disaster preparedness, including early dialysis initiation, patient and family education, and securing reliable access to medical supplies and treatment facilities. Ensuring the resilience of health systems and comprehensive disaster planning are crucial to safeguarding the health of this at-risk population during emergency situations.

2.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; : e31577, 2025 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39905560

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The dissemination of information to caregivers of pediatric cancer patients in Chilean hospitals is now sporadic and contingent upon available time, underscoring the need for a systematic education program. This study assesses caregivers' perceptions of the information provided by healthcare teams to support the development of a national education program tailored to their needs. METHODS: A descriptive, prospective, multicenter study was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022 across six public hospitals in Chile. The study included caregivers of children undergoing cancer treatment. Caregivers completed a survey assessing the education received and their preferred educational methods. Data were analyzed using STATA 18 and Graph Pad 6.0, with qualitative responses analyzed through an iterative coding process. RESULTS: Of 173 respondents, 94% rated the education received as very good or good. While 51% felt well-informed at hospital discharge, 28% desired more information. Caregivers preferred information from healthcare teams (88%), websites (55%), and written materials (51%). Significant differences were found in preferred educational content based on cancer type and the time elapses since diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Caregivers generally rated the education provided positively but expressed a need for more structured and targeted information. The findings inform the design of a national education program, emphasizing the need for tailored content and improved communication strategies to enhance caregiver support.

3.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 85(1): 101-111, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39900054

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a highly aggressive disease, mainly affecting infants and small children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2007 and May 2021 a retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina, including 13 patients diagnosed with ERNC-MRT (extra-renal non-cerebral malignant rhabdoid tumor). Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Seven patients were less than 1 year old, all of them died. Four of 13 had metastatic disease, all of them in the lungs, 2 had locoregional lymph node involvement. Six achieved complete remission, 4 of them remained alive. Five received maintenance therapy (MT) with cyclophosphamide/vinorelbine, 4 were alive at last follow-up. Only one was studied for germline mutations, the result was negative. With a median follow-up of 126 months (range: 72-161), 3 and 5-year EFS and OS were 30.7% and 38.4%, respectively. DISCUSSION: Although the sample size is small, survival rates are similar or slightly lower than other series. Age was the main prognostic factor. All but one patient that received MT are alive, suggesting that MT might have a role in ERNC-MRT; however, the prognostic significance is not entirely clear since there are multiple confounding factors.


Introducción: El tumor rabdoide maligno (TRM) es una enfermedad altamente agresiva que afecta principalmente a lactantes y niños pequeños. Materiales y métodos: Entre enero de 2007 y mayo de 2021 se realizóun estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan de Buenos Aires, Argentina, incluyendo 13 pacientes diagnosticados con tumor rabdoide maligno extrarrenal extra-cerebral. La sobrevida libre de eventos (SLE) y la sobrevida global (SG) se evaluaron mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y se compararon mediante la prueba de rango logarítmico. Resultados: Siete pacientes tenían menos de 1 año al diagnóstico y todos fallecieron. Cuatro de 13 tenían enfermedad metastásica, todos ellos en los pulmones, 2 tenían afectación ganglionar loco-regional. Seis alcanzaron la remisión completa, 4 de ellos sobrevivieron. Cinco recibieron terapia de mantenimiento (TM) con ciclofosfamida/vinorelbine, 4 estaban vivos en el último control. Solo uno fue estudiado para mutaciones de línea germinal, el resultado fue negativo. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 126 meses (rango: 72-161), la SLE y la SG a 3 y 5 años fue de 30.7 % y 38.4 %, respectivamente. Discusión: Aunque el tamaño muestral es pequeño, las tasas de sobrevida son similares o ligeramente inferiores a otras series. La edad fue el principal factor pronóstico. El uso de TM prolongósignificativamente la sobrevida; sin embargo, la importancia pronóstica no está del todo clara ya que existen múltiples factores confundidores.


Assuntos
Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Tumor Rabdoide , Humanos , Tumor Rabdoide/mortalidade , Tumor Rabdoide/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Quimioterapia de Manutenção/métodos , Criança , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Taxa de Sobrevida
5.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol ; 29(1): 1-7, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39871954

RESUMO

Introduction Minimally invasive Ponto surgery (MIPS) enables the installation of percutaneous bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHIs) with a drill guide through a hole punch incision. Despite being well established for adults, there is a lack of studies in the literature regarding its use in pediatric patients. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the hearing performance and soft-tissue outcomes of the use of MIPS under local anesthesia in children with unilateral craniofacial malformation (UCM). Methods The study used a retrospective cohort design. Nine subjects with UCM, aged between 6.5 and 17.1 (median = 12) years, who underwent the MIPS procedure under local anesthesia were included. Surgical procedure, intra, and postoperative complications were investigated. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet (SRTQ) and in noise (SRTN), daily use, satisfaction, and perceptual listening effort of the subjects were assessed after 4 months of postoperative follow-up. Results It was possible to perform MIPS under local anesthesia in 8 of 9 subjects, with no intraoperative complications. One subject (11.11%) showed adverse skin reactions during a mean follow-up period of 11.4 months with MIPS. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet, SRTN, and subjective listening effort scores significantly decreased with the use of BAHI. The subjects were overall satisfied with the device and using it 8.2 hours/day, on average. Conclusion Under local anesthesia, MIPS showed to be a viable option for BAHI installation in children with UCM. The hearing performance of the subjects improved, and they were globally satisfied with the device. Soft-tissue complications were minimal, and our results are comparable to those reported in the literature for adults.

6.
Clin Obes ; : e70000, 2025 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39888230

RESUMO

While the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and chronic non-communicable diseases in adults is well-established, its relationship with serum markers of chronic diseases in children remains underexplored. This research investigates changes in serum markers in children with obesity during a trial aimed at reducing UPF consumption. The study is a prospective cohort, based on a parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between August 2018 and February 2020, with children aged 7-12 years. Over 6 months, children and their guardians attended monthly consultations and educational activities aimed at reducing UPF consumption. Body weight, height, and 24-h dietary recall were measured at all visits. Serum markers were collected at baseline and at the 2- and 5-month visit (during the intervention). Data from 95 children were analysed. Body mass index (BMI), UPF consumption in grams and energy, and percentage of UPF in grams showed a quadratic trend, initially decreasing, followed by an increase in the following months. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased throughout the study, but after adjustment for BMI, the associations no longer persisted, except for glucose levels, which decreased linearly by 2.25 mg/dL. Reducing UPF consumption may lower blood glucose levels in children with obesity, independent of BMI changes.

7.
IJID Reg ; 14: 100499, 2025 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39866846

RESUMO

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nine respiratory viruses and their clinical characteristics in children aged up to 5 years old in the state of Sergipe, Northeast of Brazil in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: Children with suspected influenza virus infection were included in the study. Clinical samples were screened using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of adenovirus, parainfluenza (PIV)1, PIV2, PIV3, and human metapneumovirus. In addition, data were collected for influenza A viruses (H1N1 and H3N2), influenza B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Results: From January 2018 to December 2019, 1081 samples were selected. Of these, 64.1% (n = 693) were positive for at least one of the nine screened respiratory viruses. The most prevalent etiologic agent in the study period was respiratory syncytial virus, detected in 31.8% (344 of 1081) of cases, and the least prevalent was the influenza B virus, detected in 0.6% (six of 1081) of cases. Single infections were found in 85.5% (594 of 693) of the cases, whereas 14.4% (100 of 693) had coinfections. There was no correlation when comparing reported signs and symptoms with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction positivity and the type of virus detected. The study highlights the importance of monitoring the etiological agents responsible for respiratory infections in children before the COVID-19 pandemic.

8.
Occup Ther Health Care ; : 1-21, 2025 Jan 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39804799

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify the functional priorities of parents/guardians of Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and to examine possible variations in priorities concerning different age groups and functional classifications. This cross-sectional study included 171 children with CP (mean age: 7.68 ± 3.32 years). The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered to the families to identify functional priorities. Among the 740 functional priorities identified, activities of daily living (ADLs) were the most frequent, followed by priorities related to body functions, motor skills, and play. The functional priorities were similar across different functional levels and age groups.

9.
Sci Rep ; 15(1): 1509, 2025 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39789033

RESUMO

The burden of COVID-19 was heterogeneous, indicating that the effects of this disease are synergistic with both other non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting its syndemic character. While the appearance of vaccines moderated the pandemic effects, their coverage was heterogeneous too, both when comparing different countries, and when comparing different populations within countries. Of note, once again SES appears to be a correlated factor. We analyzed publicly available data detailing the percentage of school-aged, vaccinated children in different municipalities belonging to the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Santiago, Chile. Vaccination data was compiled per school type, either public, state-subsidized, or private, at three different dates during the COVID-19 pandemic to cover the dispersion of Delta, Omicron, and its subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. We computed the median vaccination ratio for each municipality and school type and calculated their Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with each one of nine SES indices. The percentage of school-age children who received vaccinations against COVID-19 correlates with SES. This strong correlation is observed in public and state-subsidized schools, but not in private schools. Although inequity in vaccination coverage decreased over time, it remained higher among students enrolled either in public or state-subsidized schools compared to those of private schools. Although available data was insufficient to explore plausible causes behind lower vaccination coverage, it is likely that a combination of factors including the lack of proper information about the importance of vaccination, the lack of incentives for children's vaccination, low trust in the government, and limited access to vaccines for lower-income people, may all have contributed. These findings raise the need to design better strategies to overcome shortcomings in vaccination campaigns to confront future pandemics.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Classe Social , Estudantes , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Instituições Acadêmicas , SARS-CoV-2 , Feminino , Masculino , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle
10.
Disabil Rehabil ; : 1-25, 2025 Jan 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39797616

RESUMO

PURPOSE: 1) To identify outcome measures used in support programs designed to enhance functioning in autistic children and adolescents, and 2) To map the content of these measures to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and Virtual Health Library databases, with no restrictions imposed regarding language or year of publication. Studies that used outcome measures to assess functioning and/or disability in autistic individuals up to 18 years of age were included. RESULTS: A total of 20 outcome measures were identified. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales was the most used outcome measure. The most frequently associated ICF domains were d7 "Interpersonal interactions and relationships," d3 "Communication," and b1 "Mental functions." The most extensively assessed component was activities and participation. Bladder and bowel control (b5 "digestive, metabolic, and endocrine functions" and b6 "genitourinary and reproductive functions"), multitasking (d2 "general tasks and demands"), and environmental factors (e2 "natural environment and human-made changes" and e4 "attitudes") were each linked only once to the outcome measures. None of the studies addressed the body structures component. CONCLUSION: No single instrument adequately encompasses all ICF domains, underscoring a significant gap in current assessment tools. The domains of body structures, environmental factors and some body functions were under-assessed in studies involving autistic children and adolescents.


No single instrument adequately encompasses all ICF domains, underscoring a significant gap in current assessment tools.The domains of body structures, environmental factors and some body functions were under-assessed in studies involving autistic children and adolescents.Future interventions must incorporate a robust evaluation of environmental factors and body functions, as these components have been frequently under-assessed in intervention studies.There is an urgent need to develop and validate comprehensive assessment tools that integrate all ICF domains to ensure a thorough approach in the rehabilitation of autistic children and adolescents.

11.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 26(1): 31, 2025 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39780147

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alterations in spatiotemporal parameters during walking modify and limit movement capacity in children with obesity. This study aimed to describe and compare the alterations in spatiotemporal parameters in schoolchildren according to body weight during all phases of walking. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 94 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years and divided them into three study groups (normal weight, overweight, and obesity). Subsequently, we performed a gait study using a 3D motion analysis system and extracted the spatiotemporal parameters, and we compared the parameters obtained between the study groups. RESULTS: The stride length in both limbs was lower in schoolchildren with obesity compared to the overweight group, with a mean difference of 0.08 m on the right side (CI 95% 0.01-0.16; p = 0.02) and 0.09 m on the left side (CI 95% 0.01-0.17; p = 0.02); also, on the left side, the swing speed (m/s) was lower in the children with obesity than in the normal weight group, with a mean difference of 0.23 m/s (CI 95% 0.03-0.43; p = 0.01). Lastly, the step width (m) was greater in the group of schoolchildren with obesity compared to the normal weight group, with a difference of 0.05 m (CI 95% 0.01-0.09; p = 0.01). A moderate positive correlation was found between the width of the step and the weight gain, r = 0.41 (p < 0.001). However, we found a poor correlation between right stride length (m), left side swing speed (m/s), left stride length (m), and weight gain, r = 0.26 (p = 0.01), r= -0.21 (p = 0.04) and r = 0.21 (p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Spatiotemporal parameters such as stride length, swing speed, and step width were more altered in schoolchildren with obesity and correlated with body weight gain.


Assuntos
Marcha , Obesidade Infantil , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Marcha/fisiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Análise da Marcha , Caminhada/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
12.
Child Care Health Dev ; 51(1): e70033, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39778873

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Screen use has become nearly universal, especially in children. Therefore, it is important not only to comprehend its effects on health but also to understand its patterns of use. We aim to describe screen use patterns among children assessed at 2, 4, and 6-7 years, based on device, period of the day, and child/family characteristics. METHODS: Longitudinal study, with participants of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, a population-based study including all living newborns in the city of Pelotas between 1 January and 31 December 2015. Child/family characteristics used in the study were sex, skin color, family income, and maternal education. Screen time at 2 years was evaluated by TV time. At age 4, TV time and other screens (computer and videogames) was assesed. At 6-7 years, screen use was collected for each device (TV, smartphone, tablet/iPad, computer, and videogames). RESULTS: At 2, 4, and 6-7 years, 1420, 3963, and 3857 had valid screen time data, respectively. Mean total screen time ranged from ~ 2.5 h per day at age 2 to ~ 5.5 h per day at age 6-7. At 2 years, no difference in screen time was found according to child/family characteristics. In general, boys presented higher screen time values at 4 and 6-7 years. No differences for ethnicity were observed. For family income and maternal education, the extreme groups presented higher use. Higher values of screen time were also observed during the evening and for children who did not attend school nor had home activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that children are exceeding current screen time guidelines, with different patterns of use according to child/family characteristics. The high use of screens and more concentrated use during the evenings raise concern considering its possible negative effects on health.


Assuntos
Tempo de Tela , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Jogos de Vídeo/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Infantil , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Computadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
13.
BMC Pediatr ; 25(1): 75, 2025 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39885464

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Understanding the priorities of parents of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for implementing evidence-based programs. This study aims to identify the functional priorities of parents of Brazilian children and adolescents with ASD, analyze variations in priorities according to the levels of support and age groups of the participants, and categorize the goals according to the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate changes in parents' performance and satisfaction with functional priorities after intervention with the Global Integration Method (Métodode Integração Global - MIG). METHODS: A total of 241 children/adolescents with ASD (mean age, 6.92 ± 3.61 years) were recruited from different regions of Brazil. 76% (76%) were male, and 40.7% were classified as having support level 2. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered to parents/caregivers to identify their priorities for their children and to assess changes in performance and satisfaction with priorities after intervention with MIG. The MIG protocol consisted of functional task training in a naturalistic environment (City of Tomorrow) combined with the use of a flexible therapeutic suit (MIG Flex) and was conducted for 3 months, five times a week, for 3-4 h per day. Descriptive statistics were used to provide the priority profile. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using paired t-test. RESULTS: Parents established 1,203 functional priorities. Activities of daily living, behavioral difficulties, communication, play, and social interactions were the main functional priorities in the perception of parents/caregivers. The profiles of functional priorities were similar between the different levels of support and age groups. Approximately 64% of the priorities were classified in the activity domain of the ICF. In general, the MIG program resulted in significant improvements in performance and satisfaction for the majority of functional priorities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Activities of daily living appear to be the main priority of parents of children and adolescents with ASD, regardless of the level of support or age group. The MIG program has been associated with improvements in performance and satisfaction across several of the functional priorities identified by parents.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Pais , Humanos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Brasil , Adolescente , Pais/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Atividades Cotidianas
14.
Respir Med ; 237: 107942, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39761731

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This scoping review aimed to map research on factors associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children and adolescents undergoing overnight polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaire-based diagnostic assessments. METHODS: Searches were conducted in three electronic databases up to May 2023, including nine observational studies, including 3482 individuals. RESULTS: Among the included studies, nine reported on sex, six on obesity, five on tonsillar hypertrophy, three on mouth breathing, two on allergic rhinitis, and three on smoking exposure. The sample comprised 3482 children, with subsets analyzed for sex (n = 3482), obesity (n = 2752), and tonsillar hypertrophy (n = 794). Meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of OSA in males compared to females [P < 0.0001; I2 = 49 %], with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.15 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.23). Associations were found between obesity and OSA [RR: 1.42; 95 % CI: 1.20-1.68; P = 0.02; I2 = 61 %], and tonsillar size and OSA [RR: 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.35-1.92; P = 0.06; I2 = 60 %]. CONCLUSION: Considering the study's limitations, these findings underscore the importance of considering sex, obesity, and tonsillar size when evaluating OSA in children and adolescents.


Assuntos
Tonsila Palatina , Polissonografia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Hipertrofia , Rinite Alérgica/epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol ; 29(1): 1-8, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39871952

RESUMO

Introduction Microtia and aural atresia present congenital ear anomalies that affect external ear and are associated with conductive hearing loss. Both anomalies result from exposure to various prenatal risk factors, most common during the first trimester of pregnancy. Objective This study was aimed at epidemiological analysis of microtia/atresia and associated risk factors in the Kazakhstani population. Methods A retrospective study in two stages. First, a cross-sectional analysis of microtia/ atresia frequencies from 2015 to 2019 on the basis of official statistics obtained from the Republican Centre for E-Health. Then, a case-control study was carried out to elucidate maternal risk factors associated with occurrence of microtia/atresia. We recruited patients presented in Almaty, Kazakhstan, between September 2021 and February 2022. Results There was a substantial regional variation in the rates of both aural atresia and microtia/anotia. Mothers of children with microtia disclosed toxoplasmosis, other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) infections during pregnancy more often than those of healthy children (45.8 versus 7.3%; p < 0.001). Exposure to different chemicals during pregnancy was mentioned more frequently by mothers of children with microtia when compared with the healthy controls (18.1 versus 8.1%; p = 0.035). Self-reporting of alcohol consumption and intake of antibiotics was also significantly higher in mothers of children with microtia (31.9 and 36.1% respectively). Conclusion Elucidation of microtia/atresia epidemiology is important due to their imposed social and economic burden, associated with treatment and rehabilitation costs.

16.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 15(1)2025 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39851855

RESUMO

This study examined 20 parental interviews of third-grade children in U.S. Mexican-heritage families in California, focusing on their children's helping at home, parents' goals for their children, and the values they hoped to instill in their children. The families varied in their experience with Learning by Observing and Pitching In (LOPI), a way of organizing learning that is consistent with the traditions of Indigenous and Indigenous-heritage communities of the Americas. Based on previous research in Mexico, we expected to find differences between the families related to familiarity with middle-class ways of organizing learning (associated with increased schooling) or familiarity with LOPI. Instead, we found that children in all families were helping at home and that when parents spoke about the goals and values they hoped their children remembered, they consistently spoke about the importance of community, family, and respect in a pattern that is consistent with the ideas of LOPI regardless of increased school experience. We explored the idea of resilient cultural practices in immigrant communities and the development of a repertoire of cultural practices, drawing on multiple traditions in different situations. This contributes to the idea that different cultural forms of organizing teaching and learning need not be mutually exclusive. It also supports the idea that efforts aimed at continuing historical cultural traditions can maintain these cultural practices over generations, even in the case of migration and increased participation in other cultural institutions (like school).

17.
Public Health Pract (Oxf) ; 9: 100553, 2025 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39811109

RESUMO

Objectives: Movement behaviour research among preschoolers is nascent in low- and middle-income countries, where levels of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviour in children are largely unknown. This study aimed to adapt and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years (SUNRISE) in Mexico, and report on challenges and solutions while implementing the protocol. Study design: Pilot study of the SUNRISE protocol in Mexico. Methods: Safety, logistic challenges, local dynamics, and population needs were considered to adapt the SUNRISE protocol. A gender-balanced sample of 100 children aged 3-4 years from urban and rural communities were recruited through early childcare and education centres (ECECs). Measures on children's movement behaviours, anthropometry, gross and fine motor skills, and executive functions were collected. Challenges and solutions for implementing the protocol were documented. Results: The protocol was well accepted by the school community (School response rate: 83.3 %). Data were collected from 132 children (response rate: 44.4 %); 88 children had valid accelerometer data (average wear time: 766.8 min/d). Challenges faced included: stringent regulations to access ECECs, low confidence in the research team and protocol, low literacy levels among parents, lack of basic services in rural areas (e.g., electricity, transportation, accommodation), and poor compliance with accelerometer wear time. To overcome them, changes to the protocol considered: adaptions to meet ECECs dynamics, strategies to enhance trust in the research team and protocols (face-to-face communication, demonstrations, and encouraging parental engagement), seeking community leaders to facilitate access to rural areas and ensure the research team's safety and access to basic facilities, and strategies to improve accelerometer adherence. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting movement behaviour research among preschool children through ECECs in Mexico and provides relevant lessons learned that may hold relevance for researchers in settings with similar contexts to Mexico.

18.
Dev Neurosci ; : 1-12, 2025 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39756379

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The underlying neural and/or perceptual mechanisms of different visual illusions are still unknown; thus, they continue to be the focus of many ongoing studies. Inconsistencies persist in the empirical findings for understanding how the perception of these illusions evolves over the course of development. METHODS: We assessed 513 participants between 6.5 and 18.9 years of age, with 103 pairs of illusory and control images spanning five illusion types (Ebbinghaus, Müller-Lyer, Contrast, Moving Snake, and Subjective Contour). Misleading and helpful contexts were added when possible. RESULTS: In general, we found that, except for the Ebbinghaus illusion, susceptibility changes with age: while for the Müller-Lyer it decreases, for the Contrast, Moving Snake, and Kanizsa, susceptibility increases. Across all illusory conditions, participants' decision time decreased with age. Context also influenced the performance and choice latency. We also found a gender difference: boys were less susceptible than girls to Contrast and Moving Snake illusions and were faster to answer in Müller-Lyer illusion trials. CONCLUSION: The current study found that susceptibility to illusions changes in a manner that is age-specific and, in some cases, sex-specific. The different developmental trajectories of the perception of visual illusions support the idea of the lack of a common neural and/or perceptual process behind them. We can suggest that at least some of the cognitive processes and neural pathways involved develop heterochronically.

19.
Nutrients ; 17(2)2025 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39861455

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional issues, including overweight and obesity, along with the rising number of immigrants facing their own nutritional problems, continue to keep Chile on alert. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological and nutritional status changes among Chilean and immigrant boys, girls, and adolescents (BGA) in schools evaluated by the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) from 2013 to 2023. METHODS: This descriptive study analyzed individual, anonymous, and de-identified data on the nutritional status of BGA in pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, first grade, fifth grade, and the first year of high school using the JUNAEB Nutritional Map. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 8,128,014 BGA, 49.2% women and 50.8% men. In 2013, immigrant BGA represented 0.4% of the total number of children evaluated, and by 2023, this percentage increased to 7.9%. It was observed that Chilean BGA had a lower proportion of thinness, risk of thinness, stunting, and normal weight, but a higher proportion of overnutrition compared to immigrants, similar to observations made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparisons by sex showed that Chilean and immigrant women had a lower percentage of thinness, risk of thinness, obesity, severe obesity, and stunting, and a higher proportion of normal weight when compared to men. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in immigrant BGA within the Chilean school system, together with the nutritional differences between both groups, highlights the need to consider these particularities when designing nutritional public policies in the health and education sectors.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Chile , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Criança , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Instituições Acadêmicas , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Magreza/epidemiologia
20.
J Pediatr ; : 114478, 2025 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39864504

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To understand parents' experiences of ethical challenges in the care of children with chronic and serious medical conditions and what resources they access for support. STUDY DESIGN: We recruited English-speaking parents of children with complex and serious medical conditions via family advocacy groups to complete an electronic survey from October 2022 through February 2023. We queried respondents' experiences with specific ethical challenges in the care of their child, whether their concerns persisted, and what resources they accessed. Respondents also reported demographics, educational backgrounds, financial resources, and their child's medical needs. RESULTS: 218 parents completed surveys. Parents reported experiencing each of the 15 presented ethical challenges with varying frequency. More than half of parents reported residual distress in 6/15 ethical challenges. Demographic variables (gender, relationship status, time since medical challenge, and ethnicity) were not associated with level of distress related to ethical challenges. When facing challenges, respondents most commonly communicated with family members, friends, doctors, and other parents of children with medical problems, accessed the internet, and relied on their instincts or prayer/meditation. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children with medical complexity experience ethical challenges in the care of their children, although covering a broader range of experiences than typically considered by clinicians to have ethical dimensions. Many of these challenges leave residual distress. The resources that families report accessing to navigate these challenges are ones that typically do not have training, background, or specificity to medical ethics.

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