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BACKGROUND: Disabled people are particularly exposed to the risks of COVID-19, as well as to the measures taken to address it, and their impact. The aim of the study was to examine the disability-inclusiveness of government responses to COVID-19 in four South American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru. METHODS: We conducted documentary research, using framework analysis to analyse reports, legislation, decrees, and other official documents that communicated measures taken in response to the pandemic, published from February 1st until May 22nd, 2020. We included documents reporting measures that affected disabled people either directly (measures specifically designed for disabled people) or indirectly (measures for the general population). We developed an analytical framework based on recommendations for disability-inclusive response to COVID-19 published by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carribean, the World Health Organisation, and other international organisations. RESULTS: We analysed 72 documents. The findings highlight that while some positive measures were taken, the needs of disabled people were not fully considered. Several countries published recommendations for a disability-inclusive response to COVID-19, without ensuring their translation to practice. All countries took at least some steps to ensure access to financial support, health, and education for disabled people, but at the same time they also implemented policies that had a detrimental impact on disabled people. The populations that are most exposed to the impacts of COVID-19, including disabled people living in institutional care, were protected in several cases only by recommendations rather by legislation. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates how the official government responses taken by four countries in the region - while positive, in several aspects - do not fully address the needs of disabled people, thus further disadvantaging them. In order to ensure response to COVID - 19 is disability inclusive, it is necessary to translate recommendations to practice, consider disabled people both in mainstream policy and in disability-specific measures, and focus on the long-term reconstruction phase.

RESUMO

Resumen: El Perú cuenta con un nuevo tratamiento de la capacidad en el Código Civil de 1984, logrando un acercamiento a las directrices de las Naciones Unidas en pro de la autonomía y la plena capacidad jurídica de las personas con discapacidad. Mediante las últimas modificaciones, realizadas por el Decreto Legislativo Nº 1384, se unen varios aspectos inconclusos en torno a los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, sobre la base del respeto a los derechos humanos de todos los ciudadanos, especialmente en cuanto a su dignidad, autonomía e igualdad ante la ley. El modelo social vigente remplaza el régimen de sustitución de la voluntad de las personas incapaces, por uno de asistencia a través de los denominados apoyos y salvaguardias. Toda persona, independientemente de su capacidad, es un sujeto de derecho libre de tomar y responder de sus decisiones personales.

Resumo: O Peru conta com um novo tratamento da capacidade no Código Cicil de 1984, alcançando acercar-se das diretrizes das Nações Unidas em prol da autonomia e da plena capacidade jurídica das pessoas com incapacidade. Mediante as últimas modificações realizadas pelo Decreto Legislativo Nº 1384, unem-se vários aspectos inacabados em torno dos direitos das pessoas com incapacidade sobre uma base de respeito aos direitos humanos de todos os cidadãos, especialmente quanto a sua dignidade, autonomia e igualdade perante a lei. O modelo social vigente troca o regime de substituição da vontade das pessoas incapazes por um de assistência através dos denominados apoios e salvaguardas. Toda pessoa, independentemente de sua capacidade, é um sujeito de direito livre para tomar e responder por suas decisões pessoais.

Abstract: Peru has a new capacity treatment in the Civil Code of 1984, achieving an approach to the guidelines of the United Nations in favor of the autonomy and full legal capacity of persons with disabilities. Through the latest modifications made by Legislative Decree N. 1384, several unfinished aspects are linked to the rights of persons with disabilities based on respect for the human rights of all citizens, especially in terms of their dignity, autonomy and equality before the law. The current social model replaces the regime of substitution of the will of the incapable by one of assistance through the so-called supports and safeguards. Every person, regardless of their capacity, is a subject of free right to take and respond to their personal decisions.

RESUMO

La presente investigación, buscó identificar los conceptos nucleares que subyacen el desarrollo normativo de la Educación Inclusiva en Colombia, de sus grandes hitos: la ley 115 de 1994 y la Ley 1618 de 2013, con el fin de problematizar las tendencias existentes y contrastarlas con las aspiraciones de la Convención Internacional sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad [CDPD], ratificada en Colombia mediante la ley 1346 de 2009. Dicha Convención encarna los ideales de Justicia, Igualdadd y Libertad para las Personas con Discapacidad. La ruta trabajada inició con una fase documental que arrojó un minucioso normograma de 1994 a 2013 compuesto por las leyes, decretos y resoluciones relacionadas con la educación inclusiva. Posteriormente, se replicó el instrumento de Turnbull y Stowe (2001), para el análisis de los conceptos nucleares de la normatividad identificada, adaptada por Moreno (2007). Adicionalmente, se complemen-tó este análisis con una encuesta a un grupo de docentes de colegios públicos rurales, lo cual confirmó el impacto de los términos que manejan los docentes para referirse a la población de estudio, en el marco de la normatividad colombiana. Por último, se realizó un aporte conceptual introduciendo algunas consideraciones para la futura implementación de la ley 1618 aplicando los principios de la Convención de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad: libertad, justicia e igualdad, necesarias garantizar el derecho a la educación con calidad, para las niñas, niños y jóvenes con discapacidad

This research sought to identify the key concepts underlying the regulatory development of in-clusive education in Colombia, in two of its major milestones: Law 115 of 1994 and Law 1618 of 2013, in order to problematize existing trends and contrastthem with the aspirations of the Inter-national Convention about rights of people with disabilities [CRPD], ratified in Colombia by law 1346 of 2009. The Convention embodies the ideals of Justice, Equality and Freedom for people with disabilities.The route worked began with a documentary phase that showed a thorough nomogram from 1994 to 2013 consisting of laws, decrees and resolutions related to inclusive education; Subse-quently, R.H. Turnbull & M.J. Stowe (2001) instrument was replied, for analyzing nuclear con-cepts of identified regulations, adapted by Moreno (2007).In addition, this regulatory analysis was complemented with one survey on a group of teachers in rural public schools, which confirmed the impact of terms adopted by teachers when refe-ring to study population under Colombian regulations. Finally, a conceptual contribution was made by introducing some considerations for future implementation of the law 1618 applying the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN (2008): freedom, justice and equality, necessary to ensure the right to quality education for children and youth with disabilities

RESUMO

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como o campo dos estudos sobre deficiência consolidou o conceito de deficiência como desvantagem social. Por meio de uma revisão das principais ideias do modelo social da deficiência, o artigo traça uma gênese do conceito de deficiência como restrição de participação ao corpo com impedimentos, tal como adotado pela Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da Organização das Nações Unidas, ratificada pelo Brasil em 2008.

This paper aims to demonstrate how the field of disability studies consolidated the concept of disability as social oppression. By reviewing the main ideas of the social model of disability, this article presents the genesis of the concept of disability as a restriction of participation for disabled people, as adopted by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which Brazil ratified in 2008.

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo el campo de los estudios sobre discapacidad ha consolidado el concepto de discapacidad como desventaja social. Por medio de una revisión de las principales ideas del modelo social de la discapacidad, el artículo traza una génesis del concepto de discapacidad como restricción de participación al cuerpo con deficiencias, tal como adoptado por la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, ratificada por Brasil en 2008.