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1.
Ecohealth ; 2025 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39904935

RESUMO

Our aim was to investigate respiratory viruses circulating in animals from the urban Atlantic Forest, which is located in the most densely populated area near Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. This study focused on the detection of Influenza A viruses and diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, in domestic and wild animals, including bats, nonhuman primates, rodents, and marsupials. From August 2020 to September 2022, biological samples were collected from a total of 72 pets, 66 primates, 20 rodents, 36 marsupials, and 390 bats. Samples were tested using RT-PCR for Influenza A and coronaviruses, and positive samples were sequenced. When blood samples were available, they were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All terrestrial animals were negative for evidence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A viruses. However, samples from 17 phyllostomid bats, including Great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus), Silky short-tailed bat (Carollia brevicauda), Seba's short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata), Common big-eared bat (Micronycteris microtis), Greater spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), White-lined broad-nosed bat (Platyrrhinus lineatus), Little yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira lilium), Greater round-eared bat (Tonatia bidens), and Common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), were positive for bat coronaviruses classified as Alphacoronavirus. Our study adds new information on the occurrence of coronaviruses in bats and contributes to a long-term program of Influenza surveillance. Developing active surveillance for viruses in wildlife species, as implemented in this study, is crucial for understanding zoonotic risks and preventing future global pandemics.

2.
J Med Primatol ; 54(1): e70002, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39834083

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a great impact on the health of Neotropical primates (NP). The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the modified agglutination test (MAT) to detect IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in NP. METHODS: Convenience serum samples of 77 animals were tested by IFAT and MAT according to standard protocols, and the agreement between results was analyzed using McNemar's χ2 test. RESULTS: The samples included 30 red-handed howlers (Alouatta belzebul), 24 brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba), 22 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), and one wedge-capped capuchin (Cebus olivaceous). Overall prevalence was 25.9% (n = 20), with three animals positive by IFAT and 20 positives by MAT. The agreement between tests was low (Kappa = 0.21). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that IFAT and MAT are not comparable to assess qualitatively anti-T. gondii IgG serum antibodies in the studied species.


Assuntos
Testes de Aglutinação , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Imunoglobulina G , Doenças dos Macacos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Animal/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/sangue , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Testes de Aglutinação/veterinária , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Macacos/sangue , Doenças dos Macacos/imunologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Cebus/imunologia , Alouatta , Feminino , Masculino
3.
Vet Parasitol ; 334: 110392, 2025 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39799747

RESUMO

Heartworm infection caused by Dirofilaria immitis induces a devastating disease that greatly affects the global canine population. The mechanism leading to heartworm pathology has been attributed to be mostly by mechanical damage of the worm to the dog´s vascular system and immune-mediated, but the latter processes are not completely understood. Autoantibodies targeting host molecules such as lipids and nucleic acids have been described with pathological roles during malaria and COVID-19 and mediating anemia and thrombocytopenia. We hypothesized that autoantibodies could be present and have a pathological role during canine heartworm disease caused by D. immitis. In this study, we analyzed the levels of autoantibodies (IgM and IgG) against membrane lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and DNA in the serum of 169 canine samples based on D. immitis infection. First, our results found significant levels of anti-PS IgM and IgG autoantibodies that were associated with D. immitis-positive when compared to D. immitis-negative samples. Second, we found that autoantibodies, particularly anti-PS, are correlated with hematological parameters such as low platelet count suggesting an association with pathologies such as thrombocytopenia. Altogether, these findings elucidate the understudied presence and pathological role of autoantibodies during canine heartworm disease by D. immitis with implications as biomarkers of disease.

4.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 57: 101167, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39855855

RESUMO

With the increasingly close coexistence between pets and humans, coupled with reports of Cryptosporidium cross-infection between felines and their guardians, research aimed at understanding the epidemiology of these parasites in specific regions has become necessary. The principal objective of this study was to undertake a molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from felines in the state of Goiás, Brazil (which is unprecedented for the region), and to assess the risk factors involved in the infection of these animals in the aforementioned locale. A total of 95 fecal samples were collected from domestic felines in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. All the animals involved were categorized by sex (male or female), lifestyle (stray or domiciled), and age (under six months or six months and older). After collection, all fecal aliquots underwent genomic DNA extraction, followed by a nested PCR (nPCR) technique targeting the 18 s rRNA gene. Subsequently, sequencing of all amplified products was performed to diagnose Cryptosporidium parasites. In addition to searching for Cryptosporidium in feces, all felines underwent serological testing for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) antibodies (IgG) using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Of all the fecal samples analyzed, 17.9 % (17/95) tested positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. DNA, with the variable "age under six months" being the only statistically significant risk factor (p ≤ 0.05) for feline infection. C. felis was the most prevalent species, identified in 88.2 % (15/17) of the positive samples. C. muris was the second most diagnosed species, confirmed in 5.9 % (1/17) of the positive samples. Of all the feline serological samples evaluated, 48.42 % (46/95) were positive for anti-FIV IgG. It was confirmed that 75 % (3/4) of all adult animals positive for Cryptosporidium showed positive (50.00 % [2/4]) or indeterminate (25.00 % [1/4]) results for FIV. This unprecedented study provides the first report of parasites from the genus Cryptosporidium in domestic felines in the state of Goiás, including the first report of C. felis in the state and of C. muris in Midwest Brazil.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Criptosporidiose , Cryptosporidium , Fezes , Animais , Gatos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Cryptosporidium/genética , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária
5.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 57: 101189, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39855874

RESUMO

Cestodes of the genus Spirometra are multi-host parasites that are the causative agents of spirometrosis in domestic and wild carnivores and sparganosis in humans, endemic diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. In domestic animals, the infection is usually asymptomatic or produces gastrointestinal signs such as vomiting and chronic diarrhoea. In humans, an incidental parasitosis develops where the plerocercoid can lodge in tissues and cause a variety of symptoms, including neuropathies, blindness, paralysis, and death. Reported here is a case of spirometrosis in a domestic cat treated in a veterinary clinic in Veracruz, Mexico. The cat presented with an approximate 50 cm section of the strobila protruding from the anus. The proglottids and eggs of the cestode were morphologically identified. DNA was obtained from the proglottids for the amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Genetic analysis demonstrated 100 % similarity to Spirometra mansoni. The cat was treated orally with ivermectin/praziquantel (2 mg/50 mg), and the dose was repeated 24 h later. The cat was observed daily for seven days, and no adverse effects occurred. On days 8 and 68 post-treatment, coprological examination revealed no evidence of the parasite. This is the first report of spirometrosis in cats from Mexico.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Infecções por Cestoides , Spirometra , Animais , Gatos , México , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Spirometra/isolamento & purificação , Spirometra/genética , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Infecções por Cestoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Cestoides/tratamento farmacológico , Praziquantel/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Feminino
6.
Pathogens ; 14(1)2025 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39861017

RESUMO

Parasitic infections in non-human primates (NHPs) kept ex situ can be caused by zoonotic protists like Balantioides coli and Entamoeba histolytica. In Brazil, little is known about these infections in neotropical species. This study aimed to identify Amoebozoa and Ciliophora groups in fecal samples through in vitro isolation and molecular analysis, mapping their distribution in Brazil. Among 511 NHP and 74 handler's fecal samples, Amoebozoa were found in 61 (11.9%) NHP samples, and Ciliophora in 6 (1.2%). Amoebic cysts were present in 12 (16.2%) human samples. Iodamoeba sp. from S. xanthosternos, E. coli from a handler, and B. coli from P. troglodytes and A. guariba were isolated in vitro. Molecular techniques identified E. dispar (34.2%), E. histolytica (5.1%), E. hartmanni (26.6%), E. coli (15.2%), Iodamoeba sp. (12.6%), E. nana (8.9%), and B. coli (7.6%). Greater protist diversity occurred in northern and southeastern regions, with E. histolytica and B. coli detected in endangered species, such as Saguinus bicolor and Alouatta guariba. Protist overlap between humans and NHPs underscores zoonotic risks. This study presents the first molecular characterization of Amoebozoa and Ciliophora in neotropical NHPs kept ex situ in Brazil, highlighting the need for improved hygiene and management protocols in primate institutions.


Assuntos
Cilióforos , Fezes , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Fezes/parasitologia , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Cilióforos/classificação , Primatas/parasitologia , Amebozoários/isolamento & purificação , Amebozoários/genética , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Infecções por Cilióforos/epidemiologia , Biodiversidade , Filogenia
7.
Viruses ; 17(1)2025 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39861920

RESUMO

Domestic animals can share viral pathogens with humans, acting mainly as a bridge host. The Orthopoxvirus genus hosts important zoonotic species that have emerged in urban areas worldwide. Nevertheless, the role of companion animals, such as dogs and cats, in the circulation of orthopoxviruses in urban areas remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of neutralizing anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies in serum samples from owned dogs from three municipalities in Minas Gerais, as well as the presence of the C11R and A56R orthopoxviruses genes. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was detected in 14.3% of the animals investigated. However, no sample was positive for the presence of the genes investigated. Further study of the population of dogs in urban areas may prove a valuable tool for understanding the spread of orthopoxviruses in urbanized areas of Brazil.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Doenças do Cão , Orthopoxvirus , Infecções por Poxviridae , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Orthopoxvirus/genética , Orthopoxvirus/classificação , Orthopoxvirus/isolamento & purificação , Orthopoxvirus/imunologia , Cães , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Cidades , Zoonoses/virologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Gatos , Feminino
8.
BMC Vet Res ; 21(1): 7, 2025 Jan 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39773711

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The proximity between people and their domestic animals with wild animal populations can result in the spread of diseases with a significant impact on public health. Infection by parasites in wildlife is considered an important bioindicator of the current state of ecosystems, and studying the epidemiology of these infections is essential for a better understanding of natural foci. However, research on parasites in southern Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), is considered incipient. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the parasitic fauna of wild animals in the southern region of RS through fecal parasitological diagnosis. We processed 82 fecal samples from wild animals - including birds, mammals, and reptiles - from cities within the microregion of Pelotas, using the Zinc Sulfate Centrifugal Flotation, Spontaneous Sedimentation and Oocyst Sporulation techniques. RESULTS: In 69.5% of the samples (93.1% of mammals, 47% of birds and 50% of reptiles), we found helminth eggs and/or protozoan cysts/oocysts, with strongylid-type eggs being the most frequent parasites (44.11%). Additionally, 64.9% of the positive samples were parasitized by at least one morphogroup with zoonotic agents (Taeniidae, Capillaria, Strongyloides, Spirometra, Lagochilascaris, Sarcocystis, Trichuris, Giardia, Ancilostomid, Physaloptera, Toxocara, Fasciola). We also recorded the first finding of Monocystis spp. in a Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it was observed that the majority of the animals were parasitized and, consequently, susceptible to a wide range of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest, highlighting the importance of these hosts in the spread of parasites, especially those with zoonotic potential. However, the ecology of transmission and the role of these hosts in the life cycles of parasites should be further explored in other studies.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Fezes , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Aves/parasitologia , Répteis/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Helmintos/classificação
9.
Front Vet Sci ; 11: 1440599, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39620110

RESUMO

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of brucellosis control and reproductive performance using one or two doses of RB51 strain vaccine. Methods: This experiment was conducted at two commercial beef farms (A, n = 477; and B, n = 673), which were selected due to their records of endemic brucellosis and a prevalence of 6 to 8% of seropositive cows. An initial serology screening (Day 0) was carried out in all cows using the Rose Bengal test (RB), and presumptive positive results were re-evaluated using a slow agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). Seropositive cows (64, 5.6%) were culled. Non-reactive cows were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups: G1, a single vaccination with RB51; G2, two doses of RB51 given 6 months apart; and G3 (control group), no vaccination. Serological tests were carried out on Days 90, 180, 270, and 360. In each evaluation, seropositive cows were removed. The variables related to occurrence of new infections and abortion, as well as those related to subsequent reproductive performance, were analyzed using the SAS software. Results and discussion: Seropositive cows were still detected in both vaccinated and control groups at 90 days. However, no new infections were detected in G1 at 180 days or in G1 and G2 at 270 and 360 days, whereas new seropositive cows were diagnosed in all exams in G3 (control). Therefore, the cumulative number of new infections was lower in vaccinated than in control cows (0.2% and 0.0%, vs. 3.2% for groups G1, G2, and G3 respectively; p = 0.0002). In farm A the number of days open was greater in the control than in vaccinated groups (p < 0.05), and in farm B the pregnancy rate was lower in the control than in the group vaccinated once (p < 0.05). In summary, vaccination with RB51 in beef cows reduces the occurrence of new cases of brucellosis and improves the reproductive performance. There is no indication that a second immunization, six months after the first, enhances protection or reproductive efficiency.

10.
Prev Vet Med ; 235: 106404, 2024 Dec 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39662209

RESUMO

Stringent sanitary standards are imperative for swine production, ensuring high biosecurity and safe meat. However, granulomatous lesions, often detected as "lymphadenitis" in slaughterhouses, lack routine laboratory examination, potentially overlooking tuberculosis among other etiologies. This study aimed to: (i) explore epidemiological variables linked to swine carcasses condemned due to "tuberculosis" or "lymphadenitis" in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil in a retrospective survey; and (ii) evaluate the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions. Epidemiological data from the public surveillance system including farm origin, slaughter location, season, producer type and the inspection scope, were evaluated by their association with the occurrence of animal transport guides (ATG) with at least one animal condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis. For the prospective study, tissue samples from 118 animals with granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions were examined through histopathology and bacterial isolation. The frequency of ATG with at least one carcass condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis was 2.27 % and 0.027 % respectively. The factors associated with lymphadenitis were slaughter location, origin, producer type, and inspection scope (state or municipal). However, no significant risk factors emerged for tuberculosis in multivariable analysis. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous lymphadenitis in 44.92 % of lymph nodes, and M. tuberculosis var. bovis was isolated in 2.54 % of cases. Although the tuberculosis frequency (0.002 %) was low, it surpassed federal inspection data (<0.001 %), evidencing that laboratory diagnosis should be considered in such lesions. This study underscores the need for improved diagnostic routine in slaughterhouses to enhance biosecurity and public health protection in the swine industry.

11.
Acta Trop ; 260: 107479, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39603441

RESUMO

Pigeons are associated with zoonotic pathogens such as Chlamydia psittaci, the main causative agent of avian chlamydiosis, and related to psittacosis cases in humans worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of C. psittaci in feral pigeons (Columba livia) and environmental samples from places frequented by pigeons in a Brazilian hospital area. A cross-sectional study was carried out sampling feral pigeons, their droppings and nest material in a hospital area. Squares in a nearby region with a high density of pigeons were also sampled. Pigeon cloacal swabs (n=123) were collected from each bird, as well as pigeon droppings from the environment (n=77) and material from pigeon's nests (n=28). Chlamydiaceae-PCR targeting the 23S rRNA gene was used as screening. Positive samples were submitted to another PCR targeting the ompA gene of C. psittaci, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. C. psittaci was detected in 7.5% (17/228) of the samples, 7.3% (12/164) from the hospital area and 7.8% (5/64) from the squares. By sample type, 9.8% (12/123) of the pigeon cloacal swabs, 5.2% of droppings (4/77) and 3.6% of nest material (1/28) were positive for C. psittaci. All sequenced samples corresponded to C. psittaci genotype B. These results demonstrate the occurrence of C. psittaci in urban areas, with emphasis on a hospital area where immunocompromised individuals are present. Adopting a One health approach to prevent the proliferation of the pigeons, health education campaigns and specific recommendations for the hospital administration are essential. Guidance on practices such as not feeding the pigeons, avoiding contact or proximity and removing available areas for roosting and nesting, are measures that will reduce environmental contamination and risk of human exposure to C. psittaci.


Assuntos
Chlamydophila psittaci , Cloaca , Columbidae , Filogenia , Psitacose , Animais , Columbidae/microbiologia , Chlamydophila psittaci/isolamento & purificação , Chlamydophila psittaci/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Psitacose/veterinária , Psitacose/microbiologia , Psitacose/epidemiologia , Cloaca/microbiologia , Humanos , Hospitais , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia Ambiental , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química
12.
Parasit Vectors ; 17(1): 494, 2024 Nov 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39614394

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bacteria of the genus Borrelia are agents of disease in both domestic animals and humans and pose a significant public health risk. Borrelia species have complex transmission cycles, often using rodents as vertebrate reservoir hosts. These bacteria are classified into three well-defined monophyletic groups: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, the relapsing fever (RF) group, and a third group associated with reptiles and echidnas. Moreover, a new group of Borrelia associated with rodents has recently been proposed, as these bacteria form a phylogenetic group separated from the previously mentioned groups. This study aimed to investigate the presence of DNA of Borrelia spirochetes in rodents in specific areas of the Colombian Caribbean. METHODS: A total of 155 rodent spleen samples were selected from the tissue bank. These samples were obtained in the departments of La Guajira and Córdoba (Northern Colombia). DNA extraction and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Borrelia 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were performed, followed by nested PCR (nPCR) on positive samples to obtain larger fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and characterize the flaB gene. Alignments of generated sequences and ortholog sequences downloaded from Genbank were performed in Clustal Omega. A phylogenetic tree was built with the maximum likelihood method in IQTREE. RESULTS: Spleen samples from rodents of the genera Heteromys, Mus, Necromys, Olygoryzomys, Proechymis, Rattus, Sigmodon, and Zygodontomys were processed. Overall, 6.5% (4/162) of the animals tested positive for Borrelia by real-time PCR. All quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive samples were also positive for nPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene, yielding fragments of 344-408 bp and 603-673 bp from two Sigmodon rodents and two Zygodontomys rodents from La Guajira and Córdoba. All samples were negative for the flaB gene. Only samples from Zygodontomys rodents presented good quality sequences. A BLASTn analysis showed a percentage of identity ranging between 98.16 and 96.06% with Borrelia sp. R57. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences of the present study clustered with species of the recently proposed Borrelia "rodent group." CONCLUSIONS: This is the first detection of borreliae of the "rodent group" in South America. Our results reaffirm the occurrence of a group of spirochetes associated with rodents, extending its geographic distribution to the Colombian Caribbean.


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Roedores , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Roedores/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Borrelia/genética , Borrelia/isolamento & purificação , Borrelia/classificação , Região do Caribe , Baço/microbiologia , Infecções por Borrelia/veterinária , Infecções por Borrelia/microbiologia , Infecções por Borrelia/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/microbiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia
13.
Trop Med Infect Dis ; 9(10)2024 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39453256

RESUMO

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species through direct or indirect contact with infected animals. Due to protean clinical manifestation in the early stages, leptospirosis is often difficult to distinguish from other common acute febrile illnesses, such as dengue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis in suspected dengue patients whose serological diagnosis was negative. A total of 449 serum samples from patients (negative IgM-ELISA dengue) with fever, headache, myalgia, and nausea were tested. The Dual-Path Platform (DPP) rapid test developed by the Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was used for screening IgM antibodies against Leptospira in blood serum, and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on samples positive in the DPP for leptospirosis, as well as on an equal number of negative samples. Results: The data obtained from the samples analyzed with the DPP assay showed 26 positive results (5.79%), of which 38.46% were male and 61.54% female, with a mean age of 41 years. We tested 52 samples using the MAT, including 26 reactive for IgM and 26 non-reactive in the DPP assay. Nine samples (17.31%) were reactive, and among them, six also showed reactivity in the DPP assay. Of the six samples reactive in both tests, 66.67% were female, living in urban areas in the city of Uberlândia, with a mean age of 50 years, being 50% white, 33.33% brown, and 16.67% black. The findings demonstrated that leptospirosis cases are underdiagnosed and undertreated in the study population and more attention needs to be paid for ruling out leptospirosis and other pathogens causing acute febrile illness in dengue-endemic areas.

14.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 11(10): ofae554, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39416994

RESUMO

Subcapsular liver hematoma is an uncommon and underdiagnosed manifestation of fascioliasis. We report 6 cases and review 21 previous reports. The mean age was 51 years; 12 cases were from Peru; and 18 were women. Only 6 patients required surgical drainage. Medical management is the mainstay treatment.

15.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(6): e70059, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39422096

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are over 42 million dogs in Mexico, with a significant population living on the streets, especially in the State of Mexico. These dogs can act as carriers of zoonotic pathogens, placing children and individuals with chronic diseases or immunodeficiencies at risk. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral and domestic dogs in the urban area of the eastern State of Mexico and assess their potential impact on public health. METHODS: The study was conducted from July 2022 to March 2023 in the urban area located in the eastern region of the State of Mexico. A total of 134 samples of dog faces were collected through convenience sampling, from both domiciled and non-domiciled dogs. RESULTS: Fifty-one dogs were identified with Ancylostomatidae family (38.1%, 95% CI: 27.0%-52.1%), 10 with Toxocara spp. (7.5%, 95% CI: 3.6%-13.3%), 7 with Dipylidium caninum (5.5%, 95% CI: 2.1%-10.5%), 8 with Cystoisospora spp. (6.0%, 95% CI: 2.6%-11.4%), 6 with Giardia spp. (4.5%, 95% CI: 1.7-9.5%) and 2 positive cases for Hymenolepis spp. (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.2%-5.3%) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a public health concern related to non-domiciled dogs, which can serve as carriers of zoonotic parasites. Interactions among non-domiciled dogs, domiciled dogs and humans heighten the risk of transmission. Implementing prevention, control and awareness strategies is crucial to reduce the spread of these parasites.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Zoonoses , Animais , Cães , México/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Cidades , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia
16.
Pathogens ; 13(9)2024 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39338951

RESUMO

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is frequently associated with several bacterial infections in dogs, highlighting a One Health concern due to the zoonotic potential. Given the clinical significance of this pathogen, we performed comprehensive genomic analyses of 28 S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from canine infections throughout whole-genome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq, and compared the genetic features between S. pseudintermedius methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) strains. Our analyses determined that MRSP genomes are larger than MSSP strains, with significant changes in antimicrobial resistance genes and virulent markers, suggesting differences in the pathogenicity of MRSP and MSSP strains. In addition, the pangenome analysis of S. pseudintermedius from canine and human origins identified core and accessory genomes with 1847 and 3037 genes, respectively, which indicates that most of the S. pseudintermedius genome is highly variable. Furthermore, phylogenomic analysis clearly separated MRSP from MSSP strains, despite their infection sites, showing phylogenetic differences according to methicillin susceptibility. Altogether our findings underscore the importance of studying the evolutionary dynamics of S. pseudintermedius, which is crucial for the development of effective prevention and control strategies of resistant S. pseudintermedius infections.

17.
Pathogens ; 13(9)2024 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39338979

RESUMO

Wetlands are ecosystems that are essential to ecological balance and biodiversity; nevertheless, human activity is a constant threat to them. Excess nutrients are caused by intensive livestock and agricultural operations, pollution, and population growth, which in turn leads to uncontrolled microbiological development. This impairment in water quality can constitute a risk to animal, human, and environmental health. To thoroughly characterize the microbial communities, shotgun metagenomics was used to characterize the taxonomic and functional pattern of microorganisms that inhabit urban wetlands in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. The main objective was to identify microorganisms of veterinary relevance, assess their potential antibiotic resistance, and characterize the main virulence mechanism. As expected, a high diversity of microorganisms was identified, including bacteria described as animal or human pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Also, a diverse repertory of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) was detected in metagenomic assembled sequences and inside the sequence of mobile genetic elements, genes that confer mainly resistance to beta-lactams, consistent with the families of antibiotics most used in Chile. In addition, a diverse collection of virulence mechanisms was also identified. Given the significance of the relationship between environmental, animal, and human health-a concept known as One Health-there is a need to establish molecular surveillance programs that monitor the environmental biohazard elements using molecular tools. This work is the first report of the presence of these harmful biological elements in urban wetlands subjected to anthropogenic pressure, located in the south of Chile.

18.
Parasitol Res ; 123(9): 312, 2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218957

RESUMO

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA) is a zoonotic and severe parasitic infection caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis. AA is currently diagnosed by the observation of A. costaricensis-compatible structures in biopsies or the detection of antibodies in serological tests. However, molecular methods targeting homologous sequences of A. costaricensis have not been designed before, and therefore, an HRM-coupled qPCR was developed to detect the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the parasite. The present assay successfully amplified DNA of A. costaricensis obtained from different hosts and identified slight sequence differences through the HRM analysis. The detection limit of the HRM-qPCR was 0.00036 ng/µL, 1.0 ng/µL, and 0.1 ng/µL when A. costaricensis DNA was diluted in nuclease-free water, whole blood, and sera, respectively, which highlights its potential use for cell-free DNA detection. Moreover, the reaction did not cross-amplify DNA of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and other nematodes, thus emphasizing its specificity. Additionally, the assay tested positive in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded biopsies with visible A. costaricensis adults or eggs, but not in samples without evident parasites or a low number of larvae, which suggests that the reaction is useful for confirming the presence of the nematode in clinical samples. Finally, DNA of sera from patients with AA was evaluated with the HRM-qPCR but none tested positive, possibly due to long storage periods of the samples which could have led to cfDNA degradation. These results indicate that this assay may be useful in the confirmation of AA and its prospection for cell-free DNA detection protocols.


Assuntos
Angiostrongylus , DNA de Helmintos , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Angiostrongylus/genética , Angiostrongylus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Strongylida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Humanos , Temperatura de Transição , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos
19.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 113: 102231, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39232437

RESUMO

Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are re-emerging zoonosis caused by infection with pathogenic spirochaetes of Leptospira and the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, respectively. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), an exotic invasive species in Brazil, could play a role in the diseases' epidemiological cycles, but this issue is still unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the Leptospira spp. and T. gondii seropositivity in wild boars in Rio Grande do Sul state, south Brazil. Of evaluated animals, 16% (13/80) and 85% (52/61) had antibodies to T. gondii and Leptospira spp., respectively. Sex, weight, age, hunt location and season of hunt were evaluated by their association with seropositivity for both pathogens, but none of them had statistical significance. This study revealed that wild boars should be considered as a potential source of Leptospira spp. and T. gondii dissemination for humans and animal species in shared environments in Rio Grande do Sul state.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Leptospira , Leptospirose , Sus scrofa , Doenças dos Suínos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/imunologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Leptospira/imunologia , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Humanos , Saúde Pública
20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39253292

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the presence and viability of Toxoplasma gondii in chickens intended for human consumption in the Pernambuco State, Brazil. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 25 chickens sold in markets in Recife, Pernambuco. Samples were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect antibodies to T. gondii. Pools of brain and heart of seropositive chickens were subjected to bioassay in two Swiss Webster mice, which were evaluated for 45 days then tested by IFA to detect seroconversion. The mice were euthanized, and their brains were evaluated for cysts. Peritoneal lavage was also conducted in mice that exhibited clinical signs. Brains containing cysts or peritoneal lavage with tachyzoites were inoculated into MA-104 cells. Brains of mice inoculated with the same tissue were pooled and analysed by ITS1-PCR. We obtained a frequency of antibodies to T. gondii of 68.00% (17/25) in chickens, and a seroconversion rate of 70.58% (24/34) in mice. Detection of Toxoplasma ITS1 DNA confirmed an isolation rate of 41.1% (7/17). Three isolates were characterized by mnPCR-RFLP as genotypes ToxoDB#36 and ToxoDB#114. We highlight the occurrence of ToxoDB#36 in chickens in Pernambuco State and the parasites' viability in chickens intended for human consumption.

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