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1.
BMC Public Health ; 19(1): 1505, 2019 Nov 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31711469

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The burden of cervical cancer continues to rise in developing economies. Women in the sub-Saharan African region have higher chances of developing cervical cancer due to a greater prevalence of related risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education intervention on cervical cancer and screening perceptions of women in the Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, and Abirem (K.E.E.A) District in the Central Region of Ghana. METHODS: A non-equivalent control-group design was used to select church women; 396 in the intervention group and 386 in the control group, aged 11 to 70 years in the K.E.E.A District in the Central Region of Ghana. Data was collected via a validated structured interview schedule and analysed using the paired - and independent-samples t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: A comparison of the mean differences between the pre-post-test scores for the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference for knowledge of cervical cancer (t = 6.22, df = 780, p = 0.001), knowledge of cervical cancer screening (t = 5.96, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived seriousness (t = 3.36, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived benefits (t = 9.19, df = 780, p = 0.001), and perceived barriers (t = 3.19, df = 780, p = 0.001). However, perceived susceptibility for the intervention group reduced, evidenced by a decrease in the mean (mean = - 0.12) compared to the control group (mean = 0.93) and this was statistically significant (t = 2.72, df = 780, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Health education interventions are critical in improving knowledge and perceptions, and increasing self-efficacy of women about cervical cancer and screening.


Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/psicologia , Feminino , Gana , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Br J Nutr ; 116(7): 1236-1245, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27609220

RESUMO

To examine the prevalence of folate inadequacy and toxicity based on usual intakes from food and supplements, as well as biomarkers of folate, secondary data analyses were performed using cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 (n 32 776), as well as biomarker data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, Cycles 1, 2 and 3 (n 15 754). On the basis of unfortified food sources, Canadians would struggle to consume adequate amounts of folate. When folate intakes from all food sources were considered, the overall prevalence of folate inadequacy was low across all age/sex groups, with the exception of females >70 years. However, >10 % of supplement users were above the tolerable upper intake level, increasing to almost 18 % when overage factors were accounted for. In addition, between 20 and 52 % of supplement users had elevated erythrocyte folate concentrations, depending on the cut-off used. Results from this study suggest that insufficient dietary intakes of folate in Canadians have been ameliorated because of the fortification policy, although folate inadequacy still exists across all age groups. However, supplement users appear to be at an increased risk of folic acid (FA) overconsumption as well as elevated erythrocyte folate. As such, the general population should be informed of the potential risks of FA overconsumption resulting from supplement use. This study suggests a need for more careful assessment of the risks and benefits of food fortification, particularly fortification above mandated levels, and FA supplement use in the general population.


Assuntos
Dieta , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fólico/toxicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Eritrócitos/química , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Alimentos Fortificados , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
3.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 185: 96-8, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25541531

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that the development of uterine leiomyomas is positively influenced by an immune system in a chronically inflammatory state and that a lower level of regulating T cell (Treg cells) would play a central role. Since it has been suggested that the W620 variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) decreases the number of Treg cells, we investigated a possible relationship between PTPN22 polymorphism and uterine leiomyomas. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 203 white women from Rome who were hospitalized for symptomatic leiomyomas requiring surgical intervention. These women were considered in a previous paper regarding the relationship between ACP1 and dimension of leiomyomas. As controls we studied 355 healthy women from the same population with comparable age and without clinical evidence of leiomyomas. All women gave written informed consent to participate to the study. Chi square test of independence and T-test for difference between means were performed by SPSS package. RESULTS: Considering the whole sample, a borderline association between PTPN22 and leiomyomas was observed: the *C/*T genotype is more frequent in cases than in controls. This association is marked and statistically significant in younger women only. The main diameter of tumor is significantly greater in *C/*T than in *C/*C women. This effect is present in younger women only. The *C/*T genotype also shows a higher tendency to intramural localization, but no effect of age is observed upon this association. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a positive effect of *C/*T genotype on susceptibility to leiomyomas in younger women. In these women a *C/*T genotype favors the growth of leiomyomas.


Assuntos
Leiomioma/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Neoplasias Uterinas/genética , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Leiomioma/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Neoplasias Uterinas/imunologia
4.
Environ Int ; 63: 201-6, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24317226

RESUMO

Pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used in tropical regions such as the Caribbean as household insecticides, pet sprays, and where malaria is endemic, impregnated into mosquito-repellent nets. Of particular concern is exposure during pregnancy, as these compounds have the potential to cross the placental barrier and interfere with fetal development, as was shown in limited animal studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposure to pyrethroids to pregnant women residing in 10 English-speaking Caribbean countries. Pyrethroid exposures were determined by analyzing five pyrethroid metabolites in urine samples from 295 pregnant women: cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, and 4-F-3-PBA. Pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in Caribbean pregnant women were generally higher in the 10 Caribbean countries than levels reported for Canadian and U.S. women. In Antigua & Barbuda and Jamaica participants the geometric mean concentrations of cis-DBCA was significantly higher than in the other nine countries together (p<0.0001 and <0.0012 respectively). For cis- and trans-DCCA, only Antigua & Barbuda women differed significantly from participants of the other nine Caribbean countries (p<0.0001). Urinary 4-F-3-PBA and 3-PBA levels were significantly higher in Antigua & Barbuda (p<0.0028 and p<0.0001 respectively) as well as in Grenada (p<0.0001 and p<0.007 respectively). These results indicate extensive use of pyrethroid compounds such as permethrin and cypermethrin in Caribbean households. In Antigua & Barbuda, the data reveals a greater use of deltamethrin. This study underscores the need for Caribbean public health authorities to encourage their populations, and in particular pregnant women, to utilize this class of pesticides more judiciously given the potentially adverse effects of exposure on fetuses and infants.


Assuntos
Inseticidas/metabolismo , Exposição Materna , Permetrina/metabolismo , Piretrinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Inseticidas/urina , Permetrina/urina , Gravidez , Piretrinas/urina
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