Spectrum detection and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of infectious pathogens in the feline respiratory tract.

Our study was designed to investigate the original spectrum of feline respiratory tract infection and to provide a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of feline respiratory infections and for precise prevention and control measures. A total of 400 cats with upper respiratory tract infections from animal hospitals in 12 provinces in China were examined from November 2022 to October 2023 to investigate the epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpes virus type 1 (FHV-1), influenza A virus (IAV), Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydia felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica through loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with microfluidic chip detection. The results showed that 396 of the 400 samples tested were positive for at least one of these pathogens, with an overall detection rate of 99.00%. The detection rates were as follows: FCV, 36.00% (144/400); M. felis, 34.00% (136/400); FHV-1, 21.50% (86/400); C. felis, 15.75% (63/400); B. b, 13.00% (52/400); IAV, 4.50% (18/400). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates of respiratory pathogens between different sexes, ages, seasons, breeds, or regions (P > 0.05). There were 88 mixed infections, giving a total mixed infection rate of 22.00% (88/400). It is worth noting that the detection rate of FCV at different ages and of FHV-1 in different sexes showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The highest rate of FCV infection was found in animals that were 1 to 2 years old, and the rate of FHV-1 infection in male cats was higher than that in female cats. The results showed that the spectrum of feline respiratory pathogens is complex, with diverse epidemiological characteristics and mixed infections, and some differences among different respiratory pathogens were found with regard to the sex, age, and breed of the cat. Studies should be continued to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of feline respiratory diseases.

Comparison of Bordetella species identification among differing rt-PCR assays in the United States.

In the United States, the general laboratory method for diagnosing pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is real-time PCR (rt-PCR) targeting insertion sequence 481 (IS481). Other Bordetella species (parapertussis, holmesii, and bronchiseptica) can also cause a pertussis-like syndrome, and some commercial laboratory assays include the insertion sequence 1001 (pIS1001) that can detect B. parapertussis/B. bronchiseptica (BppBb). Because IS481 exists in B. pertussis and B. holmesii, current commercial assays cannot differentiate these two species. We used a multiplex rt-PCR assay containing species-specific targets to Bordetella to evaluate clinical specimens detected as B. pertussis/B. holmesii (BpBh) or BppBb by commercial laboratories. A sample of 3,984 clinical specimens positive for IS481 or pIS1001 from two commercial laboratories during 2012-2019 were re-tested at CDC. Agreement of Bordetella species between the CDC and commercial laboratory assays, and the proportion of commercial laboratory specimens that were non-B. pertussis by CDC's assay was assessed. Overall agreement in Bordetella species detection and identification between the CDC and commercial lab assays was 85%. Agreement for identifying B. pertussis was 87% for 3,663 BpBh specimens and 98% for identifying B. parapertussis in 310 BppBb specimens. CDC's assay detected B. holmesii in 55/3,984 (1.4%) specimens. Most discrepant results (410/490, 82%) were BpBh specimens interpreted as indeterminate B. pertussis at CDC. We found a small portion of B. holmesii in a sample of IS481-positive clinical specimens originally identified by commercial laboratory rt-PCR assays, suggesting that commercial PCR assays are a reliable diagnostic tool for correctly identifying Bordetella species in most patients with suspected pertussis. IMPORTANCE: When testing specimens collected from patients with suspected pertussis, large-scale commercial laboratories in the United States employ an IS481-based assay that cannot differentiate between Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella holmseii. The level of B. holmesii causing pertussis-like illness in the United States is not well-understood given that only B. pertussis is nationally notifiable. After re-testing with a multiplex, species-specific rt-PCR assay, our data show low levels of B. holmesii identified in a sample of IS481-positive clinical specimens originally identified by commercial laboratory rt-PCR assays. These results reinforce the validity of large-scale commercial rt-PCR testing as a reliable diagnostic tool for pertussis in the United States.

Bordetella bronchiseptica: a rare cause of meningitis.

BACKGROUND: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative, obligate aerobic coccobacillus known to cause disease in domesticated animals and pets. In humans, B. bronchiseptica commonly leads to respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis, and animal contact usually precedes the onset of symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of post-traumatic B. bronchiseptica meningitis without recent surgery in the setting of immunosuppression with a monoclonal antibody. Our case concerns a 77-year-old male with ulcerative colitis on infliximab who sustained a mechanical fall and developed a traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak complicated by meningitis. He received meropenem then ceftazidime during his hospital course, and temporary neurosurgical drain placement was required. His clinical condition improved, and he was discharged at his baseline neurological status. CONCLUSIONS: B. bronchiseptica is an unusual cause of meningitis that may warrant consideration in immunocompromised hosts with known or suspected animal exposures. To better characterize this rare cause of meningitis, we performed a systematic literature review and summarized all previously reported cases.

Severe cavitary pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in an HIV-infected patient / Neumonía cavitaria grave causada por Bordetella bronchiseptica en un paciente infectado con VIH

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Prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, Chlamydia felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a population of shelter cats on Prince Edward Island.

The prevalence of the causative agents of feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) has been previously documented in many regions worldwide, but has yet to be reported in eastern Canada. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis (C. felis), and Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) in a population of shelter cats with clinical signs related to URTD on Prince Edward Island, Canada; to compare the prevalence of FHV-1 and FCV as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation (VI) in this population; and lastly, to determine whether factors, such as co-infections, time of year, concurrent feline leukemia virus (FeLV)- or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive status, or clinical signs, were associated with prevalence of particular pathogens. Conjunctival, nasal mucosal, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 82 cats with clinical signs consistent with URTD. Samples were pooled in transport medium and PCR was used to detect FHV-1, FCV, and C. felis and VI was also used to detect FHV-1 and FCV. A separate swab was submitted for aerobic bacterial culture to detect B. bronchiseptica. Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) was the most prevalent in this population, followed by C. felis, B. bronchiseptica, and FCV. Of the 4 cats that were positive for B. bronchiseptica, 3 were concurrently positive for FHV-1. All positive B. bronchiseptica cultures were resistant to cefovecin. The prevalence for FHV-1 was lowest in autumn (seasons P < 0.001) and was positively associated with the presence of nasal discharge (P = 0.018) and coughing (P = 0.043).

La prévalence des agents causals de maladies du tractus respiratoire supérieur félin (URTD) a été préalablement documentée dans plusieurs régions du monde mais n'a pas encore été rapportée dans l'est du Canada. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient de déterminer la prévalence d'herpès virus félin-1 (FHV-1), du calicivirus félin (FCV), de Chlamydia felis et de Bordetella bronchiseptica dans une population de chats de refuge de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, Canada avec des signes cliniques reliés au URTD; de comparer la prévalence de FHV-1 et FCV telle que détecter par réaction d'amplification en chaîne par la polymérase (PCR) et l'isolement viral (VI) dans ces populations; et finalement, déterminer si des facteurs, tels que les co-infections, la période de l'année, le statut concomitant positif pour le virus de la leucémie féline (FeLV) ou le virus de l'immunodéficience féline (FIV) ou les signes cliniques étaient associés avec la prévalence d'un agent pathogène en particulier. Des écouvillons de la conjonctive, de la muqueuse nasale et de l'oropharynx furent obtenus de 82 chats avec des signes cliniques compatibles avec URTD. Les échantillons étaient regroupés dans un milieu de transport et la PCR utilisée pour détecter FHV-1, FCV et C. felis et l'isolement viral fut également utilisé pour détecter FHV-1 et FCV. Un écouvillon séparé fut soumis pour culture bactérienne aérobie afin de détecter B. bronchiseptica. Le FHV-1 était le plus prévalent dans cette population, suivi par C. felis, B. bronchiseptica et FCV. Des quatre chats qui étaient positifs pour B. bronchiseptica, trois étaient positifs également pour FHV-1. Tous les isolats de B. bronchiseptica obtenus étaient résistants au céfovecin. La prévalence de FHV-1 était à son plus bas en automne (P < 0,001 pour les saisons) et était associée positivement avec la présence d'écoulement nasal (P = 0,018) et de la toux (P = 0,043).(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Characterisation of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from rabbits in Fujian, China.

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a potential zoonotic pathogen, which mainly causes respiratory diseases in humans and a variety of animal species. B. bronchiseptica is one of the important pathogens isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province. However, the knowledge of the epidemiology and characteristics of the B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province is largely unknown. In this study, 219 B. bronchiseptica isolates recovered from lung samples of dead rabbits with respiratory diseases in Fujian Province were characterised by multi-locus sequencing typing, screening virulence genes and testing antimicrobial susceptibility. The results showed that the 219 isolates were typed into 11 sequence types (STs) including five known STs (ST6, ST10, ST12, ST14 and ST33) and six new STs (ST88, ST89, ST90, ST91, ST92 and ST93) and the ST33 (30.14%, 66/219), ST14 (26.94%, 59/219) and ST12 (16.44%, 36/219) were the three most prevalent STs. Surprisingly, all the 219 isolates carried the five virulence genes (fhaB, prn, cyaA, dnt and bteA) in the polymerase chain reaction screening. Moreover, the isolates were resistant to cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefatriaxone and ampicillin at rates of 33.33%, 31.05%, 11.87% and 3.20%, respectively. This study showed the genetic diversity of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province, and the colonisation of the human-associated ST12 strain in rabbits in Fujian Province. The results might be useful for monitoring the epidemic strains, developing preventive methods and preventing the transmission of epidemic strains from rabbits to humans.

Analysis of the lung microbiota in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and correlation with culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), a pathogen involved in canine infectious respiratory disease complex, can be confirmed using culture or qPCR. Studies about the canine lung microbiota (LM) are recent, sparse, and only one paper has been published in canine lung infection. In this study, we aimed to compare the LM between Bb infected and healthy dogs, and to correlate sequencing with culture and qPCR results. Twenty Bb infected dogs diagnosed either by qPCR and/or culture and 4 healthy dogs were included. qPCR for Mycoplasma cynos (Mc) were also available in 18 diseased and all healthy dogs. Sequencing results, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after DNA extraction, PCR targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA and sequencing, showed the presence of Bb in all diseased dogs, about half being co-infected with Mc. In diseased compared with healthy dogs, the ß-diversity changed (P = 0.0024); bacterial richness and α-diversity were lower (P = 0.012 and 0.0061), and bacterial load higher (P = 0.004). Bb qPCR classes and culture results correlated with the abundance of Bb (r = 0.71, P < 0.001 and r = 0.70, P = 0.0022). Mc qPCR classes also correlated with the abundance of Mc (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Bb infection induced lung dysbiosis, characterized by high bacterial load, low richness and diversity and increased abundance of Bb, compared with healthy dogs. Sequencing results highly correlate with qPCR and culture results showing that sequencing can be reliable to identify microorganisms involved in lung infectious diseases.

Effects of famciclovir in cats with spontaneous acute upper respiratory tract disease.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of famciclovir administration in cats with spontaneously acquired acute upper respiratory tract disease. METHODS: Twenty-four kittens with clinical signs of acute upper respiratory tract disease were randomly allocated to receive doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h) alone (group D; n = 12) or with famciclovir (90 mg/kg PO q12h; group DF; n = 12) for up to 3 weeks. Clinical disease severity was scored at study entry and daily thereafter. Oculo-oropharyngeal swabs collected at study entry and exit were assessed using quantitative PCR for nucleic acids of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma felis. RESULTS: The median (range) age of cats was 1.5 (1-6) months in group D vs 1.6 (1-5) months in group DF (P = 0.54). Pathogens detected in oculo-oropharyngeal swabs at study entry included FCV (n = 13/24; 54%), M felis (n = 8/24; 33%), FHV-1 (n = 7/24; 29%), C felis (n = 7/24; 29%) and B bronchiseptica (n = 3/24; 12%). Median (range) duration of clinical signs was 11.5 (3-21) days in group DF and 11 (3-21) days in group D (P = 0.75). Median (range) total disease score at the end of the study did not differ between groups (group D 1 [1-1] vs group DF 1 [1-3]; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study revealed no significant difference in response to therapy between cats treated with doxycycline alone or with famciclovir; cats improved rapidly in both groups. However, identification of FHV-1 DNA was relatively uncommon in this study and clinical trials focused on FHV-1-infected cats are warranted to better evaluate famciclovir efficacy.

Diagnóstico diferencial de Bordetella bronchiseptica por RT-PCR en un niño con tos paroxística sin antecedentes patológicos previos / Differential diagnosis by RT-PCR of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a child without previous pathologic antecedents suffering whooping cough

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Infections with the agent of 'kennel cough' in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations, microbiological data, and outcomes of Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) infections in patients with cancer. METHODS: Review of electronic medical records of 24 patients with Bb infection, from 2000 to 2013. An infection was considered to be associated with Bb if both clinical manifestations plus microbial growth from infected sites were present. RESULTS: Ten patients (42%) had a monomicrobial infection, whereas multiple pathogens in addition to Bb were isolated from the rest (14 patients, 58%). The most frequent sites of infection were the respiratory tract (18 patients, 75 %) and bloodstream (17%). The most frequently associated conditions were lymphopenia (71%), tobacco use (42%), and chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive agents (33% each). Animal exposure was established in four patients. Overall, the response rate to treatment was 100% for monomicrobial and 79% for polymicrobial infections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bb is an uncommon pathogen even in immunosuppressed patients. Predominant sites of infection are the respiratory tract and bloodstream. Bb should be considered pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts, particularly with history of zoonotic exposure, even if accompanied by co-pathogens. Therefore, contact with potential animal sources should be minimized. The infection ranges from mild to severe and has no specific clinical or radiographic manifestations.

Misdiagnosis of Bordetella bronchiseptica Respiratory Infection as Bordetella pertussis by Multiplex Molecular Assay.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are useful for the rapid detection of pathogens, though diagnostic challenges may arise. We report 2 immunocompromised patients with Bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection misdiagnosed as Bordetella pertussis using PCR, including discussion of transmission, diagnostic testing, clinical implications, and infection control considerations.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of respiratory tract pathogens in weaner pigs over a 12-month period.

The collaboration project VASIB aims at reducing the antibiotic consumption in pig production by integrating information from consulting expertise in clinical inspection, hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology and pharmacology. In this VASIB subproject, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and relatedness of porcine respiratory tract pathogens. Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 47), Pasteurella multocida (n = 18) and Streptococcus suis (n = 58) were obtained from weaner pigs at two farms. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution according to CLSI standards. Resistance genes were detected via specific PCR assays. Macrorestriction analysis was conducted to determine the relatedness of the isolates and to identify clones. The B. bronchiseptica isolates showed indistinguishable (farm 1) or two closely related XbaI-patterns (farm 2). Different SmaI-PFGE patterns of P. multocida isolates were obtained at three different time points. In contrast, PFGE analysis of S. suis indicated more than one fragment pattern per pig and time point. Isolates exhibiting indistinguishable PFGE patterns were considered to represent the same clone. This study showed that only two closely related B. bronchiseptica clones were present in both farms, which had low MICs to all antimicrobials, except to ß-lactams. Different P. multocida clones were present at the three time points. They showed overall low MIC values, with two clones being resistant and one intermediate to tetracycline. S. suis clones were resistant to tetracycline (n = 19) and/or erythromycin/clindamycin (n = 16). They harboured the tetracycline resistance genes tet(O), tet(M) or tet(L) and/or the macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin B resistance gene erm(B). Five penicillin-resistant S. suis clones were also detected.

Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia: beware of the dog!

We report the case of a 35-year-old quadriplegic male with confirmed Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia, manifesting with acute hypoxic respiratory failure on a background of chronic hypercarbia requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care.B. bronchiseptica are known to colonise the upper respiratory tracts of many mammals but are very rarely responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in humans.A review of the literature suggests preponderance for immunocompromised or immunoincompetent patients who have experienced environmental exposure to colonised animals. The disease pattern of B. bronchiseptica infection is non-uniform and while it is rarely described as a commensal or colonising organism, very few case reports describe severe respiratory infections.

Detection of specific bacterial agents by quantitative PCR assays in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy vs. dogs with chronic bronchitis and healthy dogs.

In humans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis infections are suggested to trigger or exacerbate asthma. Whether Mycoplasma or Bordetella are associated with chronic inflammatory bronchial diseases in dogs has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess detection rates of Mycoplasma canis (M. canis), M. cynos and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) and chronic bronchitis (CB), compared with healthy dogs. Specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis for M. canis, M. cynos and Bb were retrospectively performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from 24 dogs with EBP, 21 dogs with CB and 15 healthy dogs. Possible associations between qPCR results and age, BALF cytology or clinical severity scores (CSS) in dogs with EBP were investigated. There was no difference in M. canis, M. cynos and Bb detection rates in dogs with EBP (n=6, n=2 and n=6, respectively) and dogs with CB (n=2, n=2 and n=2, respectively) compared with control dogs (n=4, n=2 and n=2, respectively). In dogs with EBP, the proportion that were qPCR-positive for Bb was higher in dogs with higher CSS (P=0.014) and BALF from Bb-positive dogs had higher percentage of neutrophils (P<0.001). Among dogs that were qPCR-positive for Bb, moderate to high loads were only detected in dogs with EBP. M. canis and M. cynos detection was not associated with EBP or CB; higher Bb loads were only present in dogs with EBP and high CSS. A possible cause and effect relationship between Bb infection or load and EBP remains unclear and requires further investigation.

Recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptica sequence type 82 and B. pseudohinzii from urban rats in Terengganu, Malaysia.

Rodents have historically been associated with zoonotic pandemics that claimed the lives of large human populations. Appropriate pathogen surveillance initiatives could contribute to early detection of zoonotic infections to prevent future outbreaks. Bordetella species are bacteria known to cause mild to severe respiratory disease in mammals and, some have been described to infect, colonize and spread in rodents. There is a lack of information on the population diversity of bordetellae among Malaysian wild rodents. Here, bordetellae recovered from lung tissues of wild rats were genotypically characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing, MLST and nrdA typing. A novel B. bronchiseptica ST82, closely related to other human-derived isolates, was discovered in three wild rats (n=3) from Terengganu (5.3333° N, 103.1500° E). B. pseudohinzii, a recently identified laboratory mice inhabitant, was also recovered from one rat (n=1). Both bordetellae displayed identical antimicrobial resistance profiles, indicating the close phylogenetic association between them. Genotyping using the 765-bp nrdA locus was shown to be compatible with the MLST-based phylogeny, with the added advantage of being able to genotype non-classical bordetellae. The recovery of B. pseudohinzii from wild rat implied that this bordetellae has a wider host range than previously thought. The findings from this study suggest that bordetellae surveillance among wild rats in Malaysia has to be continued and expanded to other states to ensure early identification of species capable of causing public health disorder.

Bordetella bronchiseptica bloodstream infection in a renal transplant patient.

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative coccobacillus that infects animals, but rarely affects humans. B. bronchiseptica has been reported to cause disease in immunocompromised hosts. We present a case of a 61-year-old man with a renal transplant who developed B. bronchiseptica bacteremia likely as a result of close contact between dogs and his skin cancer biopsy sites. The patient was successfully treated with 2 weeks of oral levofloxacin. This case alerts physicians to B. bronchiseptica as a cause of bacteremia in solid organ transplant patients with exposure to animals.

Prior exposure to Bordetella species as an exclusion criterion in the baboon model of pertussis.

The baboon model of Bordetella pertussis infection is the newest and most clinically accurate model of the human disease to date. However, among the 15 experimentally infected baboons in this study, a subset of baboons did not exhibit the expected high bacterial colonization levels or increase in white blood cell count. Moreover, cultures of nasopharyngeal wash samples from several baboons suggested B. bronchiseptica coinfection. Analysis of serum antibodies recognizing filamentous hemagglutinin, pertussis toxin and B. pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide indicated that several baboons had likely been previously exposed to Bordetella species and that prior exposure correlated with partial protection from B. pertussis infection. Notably, all animals with a baseline Fha titer of 5 IU/ml or below exhibited symptoms typical of the model, suggesting this value can be used as inclusion criteria for animals prior to study enrollment. While B. pertussis infection is endemic to human populations and B. bronchiseptica is common in wild small mammals, this study illustrates that baboons can readily harbor both organisms. Awareness of Bordetella species that share antigens capable of generating protective immune responses and tracking of prior exposure to those species is required for successful use of the baboon model of pertussis.

Comparison of ribotyping and sequence-based typing for discriminating among isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica.

PvuII ribotyping and MLST are each highly discriminatory methods for genotyping Bordetella bronchiseptica, but a direct comparison between these approaches has not been undertaken. The goal of this study was to directly compare the discriminatory power of PvuII ribotyping and MLST, using a single set of geographically and genetically diverse strains, and to determine whether subtyping based on repeat region sequences of the pertactin gene (prn) provides additional resolution. One hundred twenty-two isolates were analyzed, representing 11 mammalian or avian hosts, sourced from the United States, Europe, Israel and Australia. Thirty-two ribotype patterns were identified; one isolate could not be typed. In comparison, all isolates were typeable by MLST and a total of 30 sequence types was identified. An analysis based on Simpson's Index of Diversity (SID) revealed that ribotyping and MLST are nearly equally discriminatory, with SIDs of 0.920 for ribotyping and 0.919 for MLST. Nonetheless, for ten ribotypes and eight MLST sequence types, the alternative method discriminates among isolates that otherwise type identically. Pairing prn repeat region typing with ribotyping yielded 54 genotypes and increased the SID to 0.954. Repeat region typing combined with MLST resulted in 47 genotypes and an SID of 0.944. Given the technical and practical advantages of MLST over ribotyping, and the nominal difference in their SIDs, we conclude MLST is the preferred primary typing tool. We recommend the combination of MLST and prn repeat region typing as a high-resolution, objective and standardized approach valuable for investigating the population structure and epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica.

Pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in two HIV-positive patients / Pneumonia causada por Bordetella bronchiseptica em dois pacientes HIV-positivos

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and rabbits. Reports on its development in humans are rare. However, in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), BB can cause severe pulmonary infections. We report on two cases of pneumonia caused by BB in HIV-positive male patients in a university hospital. CASE REPORT: The first case comprised a 43-year-old patient who was admitted presenting chronic leg pain and coughing, with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture and was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in association with levofloxacin. The second case comprised a 49-year-old patient who was admitted presenting fever, nausea, sweating and a dry cough, also with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture, tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage. The disease was treated with ciprofloxacin but the patient died. CONCLUSION: BB should be included in the etiology of pneumonia in immunodeficient HIV patients. As far as we know, these two were the first cases of pneumonia due to BB to occur in this university hospital.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) é um cocobacilo Gram-negativo responsável por causar doenças no trato respiratório de cães, gatos e coelhos. São raros os relatos do desenvolvimento desse microrganismo em seres humanos. Porém, em pacientes imunodeprimidos, especialmente nos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), a BB pode causar infecções pulmonares graves. Nós relatamos dois casos de pneumonia por BB em pacientes do sexo masculino, HIV-positivos em um hospital universitário. RELATO DE CASO: No primeiro caso, o paciente de 43 anos foi internado apresentando dor crônica nos membros inferiores e tosse com suspeita de pneumonia. Na cultura de escarro, foi isolado BB, e a infecção foi tratada com sucesso com a associação de sulfametoxazol/trimetroprima e levofloxacino. No segundo caso, o paciente de 49 anos foi internado apresentando febre, náuseas, sudorese e tosse seca, também com suspeita de pneumonia. Das culturas de escarro, secreção traqueal e lavado bronco-alveolar, foi isolado BB, infecção tratada com ciprofloxacino: porém, o paciente foi a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: BB deve ser incluído na etiologia de pneumonia em pacientes imunocomprometidos com HIV. Pelo que é de nosso conhecimento, estes dois relatos foram os primeiros casos de pneumonia por BB que ocorreram neste hospital universitário.