Análise de Perícias Psicológicas de Trânsito: Um Olhar sobre os Construtos Cognitivos / Analysis of Traffic Psychological Expertise: A Look at Cognitive Constructs / Análisis de la Experiencia Psicológica del Tráfico: Una Mirada a los Constructos Cognitivos

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar perícias psicológicas realizadas em cidades do Paraná do ano de 2019 no que tange aos aspectos cognitivos. Para tanto, foram consultados 1009 processos arquivados em clínicas credenciadas ao Departamento de Trânsito do Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Os resultados, inerentes à caracterização das perícias, apontaram que os participantes com idade média de 27 anos, 44,4% possuindo ensino médio completo, 72,2% para a 1ª habilitação, 61% para a categoria A/B. Foram encontrados 12 tipos de instrumentos de Avaliação Psicológica padronizados. Os resultados apontam desempenho médio nos instrumentos e relação de dependência entre os principais construtos investigados. Considera-se que, além de habilidades cognitivas preservadas, a formação dos condutores desde o ensino básico é importante contribuinte para o trânsito seguro.(AU)

The objective of this research was to analyze psychological tests conducted in cities in the state of Paraná in the year 2019, focusing on cognitive aspects. For this purpose, we examined 1009 records from clinics accredited to the State Traffic Department of Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). The results, inherent to the characterization of the expertise, pointed out that the participants had an average age of 27 years, 44.4% had completed secondary education, 72.2% were first-time applicants, and 61% had the A/B category. Twelve types of standardized Psychological Assessment instruments were found. The results indicated that participants exhibited an average performance in these instruments, and there was a significant correlation between the main constructs investigated. These findings suggest that, in addition to maintaining cognitive skills, providing driver education starting from elementary school could significantly contribute to enhancing road safety.(AU)

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las pruebas psicológicas realizadas en ciudades de Paraná en el año 2019 sobre aspectos cognitivos. Para ello se consultaron 1009 expedientes archivados en clínicas acreditadas ante el Departamento de Tránsito de Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Los resultados, inherentes a la caracterización de la especialización, apuntaron que los participantes tenían una edad media de 27 años, 44,4% tenían estudios secundarios completos, 72,2% para el 1º título, 61% para la categoría A/B. Se encontraron doce tipos de instrumentos de Evaluación Psicológica estandarizados. Los resultados muestran un desempeño promedio en los instrumentos y una relación de dependencia entre los principales constructos investigados. Se considera que, además de preservar las habilidades cognitivas, la formación de los conductores desde la escuela primaria en adelante es un importante contribuyente a la seguridad del tráfico.(AU)

Reliability and validity of on-road driving tests in vulnerable adults: a systematic review.

The on-road driving test is considered a 'gold standard' evaluation; however, its validity and reliability have not been sufficiently reviewed. This systematic review aimed to map out and synthesize literature regarding on-road driving tests using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist. Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from initiation through February 2018. All articles addressing reliability or validity of on-road driving tests involving adult rehabilitation patients were included. The search output identified 513 studies and 36 articles, which were included in the review. The Washington University Road Test/Rhode Island Road Test, performance analysis of driving ability, test ride for investigating practical fitness-to-drive, and K-score demonstrated high reliability and validity in regard to the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist. The Washington University Road Test/Rhode Island Road Test and test ride for investigating practical fitness-to-drive were analyzed based on Classical Test Theory techniques, and performance analysis of driving ability and K-score were analyzed based on Item Response Theory techniques. The frequency of studies were Washington University Road Test/Rhode Island Road Test (n=9), Test Ride for Investigating Practical fitness-to-drive (n=8), performance analysis of driving ability (n=4), and K-score (n=1). From the viewpoint of accuracy and generalization, the Washington University Road Test/Rhode Island Road Test, test ride for investigating practical fitness-to-drive, and performance analysis of driving ability were identified as highly qualified concerning on-road driving tests. However, the ability to assess real-world driving depends on various environmental conditions.

Gait speed associated factors in elderly subjects undergoing exams to obtain the driver's license. / Fatores associados à velocidade da marcha em idosos submetidos aos exames para habilitação veicular.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the factors associated with gait speed in elderly subjects undergoing physical and mental fitness tests to obtain a driver's license. METHOD: a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in transit agencies. The probabilistic sample included 421 elderly (≥ 60 years old). The study was developed through application of questionnaires and tests that assess the frailty phenotype. For evaluating gait speed, the time spent by each participant to walk a 4.6 meter distance at normal pace on a flat surface was timed. Data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression and the stepwise method. The R statistical program version 3.4.0 was adopted. RESULTS: there was a significant association between gait speed and paid work (<0.0000), body mass index (<0.0000), Mini-Mental State Examination (=0.0366), physical frailty (pre-frail =0.0063 and non-frail <0.0000), age (<0.0000), sex (=0.0255), and manual grip strength (<0.0000). CONCLUSION: elderly drivers who do not work, women of advanced age, high body mass index, low score in the Mini-Mental State Examination, low hand grip strength, and frail tend to decrease gait speed and should be a priority of interventions.

Driving Difficulties Among Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Neurodegenerative disorders impact fitness to drive of older drivers, but on-road driving studies investigating patients with different neurodegenerative disorders are scarce. A variety of driving errors have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear which types of driving errors occur most frequently. Moreover, patients with other neurodegenerative disorders than AD typically present with different symptoms and impairments, therefore different driving errors may be expected. METHODS: Patients with AD (n = 80), patients with other neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive decline (i.e., vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease, n = 59), and healthy older drivers (n = 45) participated in a fitness-to-drive assessment study including on-road driving. RESULTS: Patients with AD performed significantly worse than healthy older drivers on operational, tactical, visual, and global aspects of on-road driving. In patients with AD, on-road measures were significantly associated with 'off-road' measures. Patients with neurodegenerative disorders other than AD showed large overlap in the types of driving errors. Several driving errors were identified that appear to be characteristic for patients with particular neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION: Patients from each group of neurodegenerative disorders commonly display tactical driving errors regarding lane positioning, slow driving, observation of the blind spot, and scanning behavior. Several other tactical and operational driving errors, including not communicating with cyclists and unsteady steering, were more frequently observed in patients with non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. These findings have implications for on-road and 'off-road' fitness-to-drive assessments for patients with neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive decline.

Effect of Navigation Problems, Assessment Location, and a Practice Test on Driving Assessment Performance for People with Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: People with Alzheimer's disease may be required to undertake clinical and on-road assessments to determine fitness to drive. The manner in which on-road assessments are conducted with drivers who do and do not have navigational problems may affect the outcome. OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effect of 1) navigational difficulties, 2) location of assessment (un/familiar area) and assessment order, and 3) undertaking a second assessment (practice), on passing an on-road driving assessment. METHODS: Forty-three drivers undertook an Occupational Therapy-Driver Assessment Off Road Assessment (OT-DORA) Battery which included the Drive Home Maze Test (DHMT). Participants with/without a history of navigational problems were randomly allocated into three groups: 1) Unfamiliar/then familiar area assessment; 2) Unfamiliar/unfamiliar; 3) familiar/unfamiliar. An on-road assessment protocol was used including over 100 expected behaviors at nominated points along the directed route. For familiar area assessments, the driver self-navigated from their home to shops and services. A pass/fail decision was made for each assessment. RESULTS: A generalized linear mixed effects model showed neither location, nor practice affected passing the on-road assessment. Participants with navigational problems were six times less likely to pass regardless of route familiarity and direction method, and the DHMT was a significant negative predictor of passing. CONCLUSION: Drivers with Alzheimer's disease who have navigational problems and are slow to complete the DHMT are unlikely to pass an on-road assessment. However, navigation and maze completion skills may be a proxy for an underlying cognitive skill underpinning driving performance.

Fatores associados à velocidade da marcha em idosos submetidos aos exames para habilitação veicular / Gait speed associated factors in elderly subjects undergoing exams to obtain the driver's license / Factores asociados a la velocidad de la marcha en los adultos mayores sometidos a los exámenes para habilitación vehicular

Objetivo analisar os fatores associados à velocidade da marcha em idosos submetidos aos exames de aptidão física e mental para habilitação veicular. Método estudo quantitativo de corte transversal realizado nas clínicas de trânsito, no qual fizeram parte da amostra do tipo probabilística 421 idosos (≥ 60 anos). O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante aplicações de questionários e testes que constituem o fenótipo da fragilidade. Para avaliar a velocidade da marcha, cronometrou-se o tempo gasto pelo participante para percorrer uma distância de 4,6 metros, de maneira habitual e em superfície plana. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a regressão linear múltipla por meio do método stepwise. Adotou-se o programa estatístico R versão 3.4.0. Resultados houve associação significativa entre velocidade da marcha e trabalho remunerado (<0,0000), índice de massa corporal (<0,0000), escore do Mini-Exame de Estado Mental (=0,0366), fragilidade física (pré-frágeis =0,0063 e não frágeis <0,0000), idade (<0,0000), sexo (=0,0255) e força de preensão manual (<0,0000). Conclusão idosos motoristas que não trabalham, mulheres, com idade avançada, elevado índice de massa corporal, baixo escore no Mini-Exame de Estado Mental, baixa força de preensão manual e frágeis possuem tendência de diminuição da velocidade da marcha e devem ser prioridade das intervenções.

Objective to analyze the factors associated with gait speed in elderly subjects undergoing physical and mental fitness tests to obtain a driver's license. Method a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in transit agencies. The probabilistic sample included 421 elderly (≥ 60 years old). The study was developed through application of questionnaires and tests that assess the frailty phenotype. For evaluating gait speed, the time spent by each participant to walk a 4.6 meter distance at normal pace on a flat surface was timed. Data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression and the stepwise method. The R statistical program version 3.4.0 was adopted. Results there was a significant association between gait speed and paid work (<0.0000), body mass index (<0.0000), Mini-Mental State Examination (=0.0366), physical frailty (pre-frail =0.0063 and non-frail <0.0000), age (<0.0000), sex (=0.0255), and manual grip strength (<0.0000). Conclusion elderly drivers who do not work, women of advanced age, high body mass index, low score in the Mini-Mental State Examination, low hand grip strength, and frail tend to decrease gait speed and should be a priority of interventions.

Objetivo analizar los factores asociados a la velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores sometidos a los exámenes de aptitud física y mental para habilitación vehicular. Método estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal realizado en las clínicas de tránsito, en el cual hicieron parte de la muestra del tipo probabilística 421 adultos mayores (≥ 60 años). El estudio fue desarrollado mediante aplicaciones de cuestionarios y pruebas que constituyen el fenotipo de fragilidad. Para evaluar la velocidad de la marcha fue cronometrado el tiempo gasto por el participante para andar una distancia de 4,6 metros, de manera habitual y en una superficie plana. Los datos fueron analizados utilizándose la regresión linear múltiple por medio del método stepwise. Fue adoptado el programa estadístico R versión 3.4.0. Resultados hubo una asociación significativa entre velocidad de la marcha y trabajo remunerado (<0,0000), índice de masa corporal (<0,0000), puntaje del Mini-Examen de Estado Mental (=0,0366), fragilidad física (pre-frágiles =0,0063 y no frágiles <0,0000), edad (<0,0000), sexo (=0,0255) y fuerza de prensión manual (<0,0000). Conclusión adultos mayores conductores que no trabajan, mujeres, con edad avanzada, elevado índice de masa corporal, bajo puntaje en el Mini-Examen de Estado Mental, baja fuerza de prensión manual y frágil poseen tendencia de disminución de la velocidad de la marcha y deben ser prioridad de las intervenciones.

Certification of fitness to drive in sleep apnea patients: Are we doing the right thing?

New European Union (EU) regulations state that untreated moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) coincident with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) constitutes a medical disorder leading to unfitness to drive. However, fitness to drive can be re-established by successful treatment of OSA and EDS. The aim of the current study was to compare patients undergoing the certification process with those of an unselected OSA patient cohort. The study compared consecutive patients in the certification group (n = 132) with a representative group of OSA patients with a current driving license and an Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥ 15 n/h (n = 790). The adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and the change in EDS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score) with treatment were analysed. Patient characteristics and severity of sleep apnea did not differ significantly between groups (certification/reference group: BMI 30 ± 5/31 ± 5 kg/m2 , AHI 33 ± 20/36 ± 20 n/hr, ESS 12 ± 6/11 ± 5). However, the certification group was oversampled with elderly drivers (70-85 years: 22% vs. 9%, p = 0.001). PAP compliance was higher in the certification group than in the reference group (PAP use ≥ 4 hr/night in 96% vs. 53%, p = 0.001) and mean ESS reduction was -8.0 (-8.9 - -7.1) versus -4.0 (-4.4 - -3.5), respectively (p < 0.001). Patients attending the fitness to drive evaluation reported almost complete adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and elimination of EDS symptoms. Besides possible baseline differences, this strong response may be explained by factors such as a selection process of elderly patients, a self-rating component in the assessment of the treatment response and the threat of a driving license suspension. Our data suggest that an improved certification process with objective rather than subjective components, along with a reduced selection bias, is warranted.

Longitudinal study of driver licensing rates among adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Driving may increase mobility and independence for adolescents with autism without intellectual disability (autism spectrum disorder); however, little is known about rates of licensure. To compare the proportion of adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder who acquire a learner's permit and driver's license, as well as the rate at which they progress through the licensing system, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 52,172 New Jersey residents born in the years 1987-1995 who were patients of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia healthcare network ⩾12 years of age; 609 (1.2%) had an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Electronic health records were linked to New Jersey's driver licensing database (2004-2012). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-binomial regression models were used to determine the age at and rate of licensure, and estimate adjusted risk ratios. One in three adolescents with autism spectrum disorder acquired a driver's license versus 83.5% for other adolescents and at a median of 9.2 months later. The vast majority (89.7%) of those with autism spectrum disorder who acquired a permit and were fully eligible to get licensed acquired a license within 2 years. Results indicated that a substantial proportion of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder do get licensed and that license-related decisions are primarily made prior to acquisition of a permit instead of during the learning-to-drive process.

On the road again: assessing driving ability in patients with neurological conditions.

Clinicians may not be aware of the specialised methods and adaptations that are used to help people with disabilities to drive a car. We describe a driving assessment process as carried out by one of the UK's flagship assessment centres, including an overview of the available assessments, adaptations and relevant legislation to guide practitioners about how best to signpost and counsel their patients appropriately about driving.

Obstacles to engaging in young driver licensing: Perspectives of parents.

INTRODUCTION: Young novice drivers remain at greater risk of injury and death despite a wealth of interventions including graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs. The key to implementing safer practices inherent in GDL appears to lie with optimising the role of parents. This qualitative research explored the parent's perspectives of obstacles to engaging in the driver licensing process within a GDL program. Parents also shared advice on what they found helpful, and where relevant, recommended changes in the process to enable safer practices for young drivers. METHOD: Twenty-three parents (aged 35-60 years, M=49.52, SD=8.01, 11 males) participated in semi-structured interviews regarding licensing experiences with their young driver children. The young drivers included learner (n=11), provisional (restricted/intermediate) (n=9) and open (unrestricted/full) licence drivers (n=3), ranging from 16 to 24 years (M=18.04, SD=2.21, 13 males). FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Content analysis revealed that most obstacles were encountered at the learner licensing phase, with the parent-reported difficult temperament of the learner driver the most prominent. Unsurprisingly, advice to other parents to be patient and remain calm featured heavily during the same phase. Anxiety from not having control of the vehicle was another obstacle at the learner phase, translating to anxieties for child safety in the early stages of provisional driving. Recommendations for the current GDL included more rigorous road rule testing, with general support for the program, professional driver training at learner and provisional stages facilitated parental engagement through the licensing phases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The findings overwhelmingly suggest a need for parents to be educated regarding their importance in, and of, the driver licensing process, and the efficacy of their instruction, content and practices.

Evidências de validade de critério para testes de atenção na avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito / Evidence for Criterion validity of attention tests for psychological assessment in the traffic context / Evidencias de validez de criterio para pruebas de atención en la evaluación psicológica en el contexto del tránsito

A pesquisa teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade com base em critério externo para testes que avaliam atenção e que são comumente empregados na avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito. Participaram 300 indivíduos do estado do Paraná que responderam aos instrumentos no momento da obtenção da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), em 2010. Após quatro anos, em 2014, foi obtido junto ao Departamento de Trânsito do Paraná (DETRAN-PR) o histórico de infrações desses motoristas. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas nas pontuações dos testes entre os grupos de motoristas com e sem registro de infração. Também não foram observadas correlações significativas entre o desempenho nos testes e o número de infrações e pontos na CNH. Discute-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas na área, que considerem outras variáveis relacionadas ao contexto do trânsito, como o envolvimento em acidentes com e sem vítimas fatais, relacionando o resultado das provas teórica e prática com o desempenho na avaliação, entre outros.(AU)

The aim of the research was to obtain validity evidence based on external criteria for tests that evaluate attention and which are commonly used in the assessment of motor vehicle drivers. Participants were 300 individuals from the State of Paraná who answered to the instruments at the time of obtaining their driver's licenses (CNH), in 2010. After four years, in 2014, the history of infractions of these drivers was obtained from the department of traffic of Paraná (DETRAN-PR). The results did not show significant differences in test scores comparing the group of drivers with infraction records and those without infraction records. There were also no significant correlation between the performance in the tests and the number of infractions and points in the CNH. Further studies are necessary in the field, considering other variables involved in the context of traffic, such as involvement in accidents with and without fatalities, relating the results of the theoretical and practical tests with the performance in the evaluation, among others.(AU)

La investigación tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez con base en criterio externo para pruebas que evalúan la atención y que son bastante utilizadas en la evaluación psicológica en el contexto del tránsito. Participaron 300 individuos del estado de Paraná que respondieron los instrumentos en el momento de la obtención de la cartera nacional de habilitación (CNH), el año 2010. Después de cuatro años, en 2014, se obtuvo el histórico de infracciones de esos conductores junto al Departamento de Tránsito de Paraná (DETRAN-PR). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de las pruebas entre los grupos de conductores con y sin infracciones. Tampoco se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el desempeño en las pruebas y el número de infracciones y de puntos en la CNH. Se discute la necesidad de más investigaciones en el área que tomen en consideración otras variables relacionadas al contexto del tránsito, como saber si la persona se involucró en accidentes con o sin víctimas fatales, relacionando el resultado de las pruebas teórica y práctica con el desempeño en la evaluación, entre otros.(AU)

Una tarea de estimación de colisiones y tiempo de llegada: evidencias preliminares de fiabilidad y validez / Uma tarefa de estimativa de colisões e tempo de chegada: evidências preliminares de confiabilidade e validade / A time-to-contact and collision estimation task: preliminary evidences of reliability and validity

Este trabajo analiza algunas propiedades psicométricas de una tarea estimativa de la trayectoria de objetos móviles. Este tipo de tarea suele utilizarse como parte de las baterías de evaluación de conductores en muchos países, pero son escasas las evidencias disponibles sobre validez. Sesenta participantes (treinta conductores profesionales y treinta de población general) completaron la prueba en dos ocasiones. Los resultados fueron positivos en algunos aspectos (e.g., consistencia interna), pero también muestran la necesidad de realizar algunos cambios y mejorías. Se requieren más estudios que ofrezcan evidencias externas de validez para este tipo de tarea. (AU)

Este trabalho analisa algumas propriedades psicométricas de uma tarefa na estimativa da trajetória de objetos móveis. Esse tipo de tarefa costuma ser utilizado como parte das baterias na avaliação de condutores em muitos países, mas são escassas as evidências disponíveis sobre a validade. Sessenta participantes (30 condutores profissionais e 30 da população geral) completaram a prova em duas ocasiões. Os resultados foram positivos em alguns aspectos (e.g., consistência interna), mas também mostram a necessidade de realizar mudanças e melhorias na prova. Requer-se mais estudos que ofereçam evidências externas que dê validade para esse tipo de tarefa. (AU)

This study analyzes some psychometric properties of a Time-to-contact and Collision Estimation Task. This type of measure is often used as part of driver testing in many countries. However, available evidences of validity are scarce. Sixty participants (split evenly between professional drivers and general population) completed the task on two occasions. The results were positive in some respects (e.g., internal consistency), but also show the need for changes and improvements in the task design. Further studies are needed to support the use of this type of measures. (AU)

The importance of context in logic model construction for a multi-site community-based Aboriginal driver licensing program.

UNLABELLED: Evidence indicates that Aboriginal people are underrepresented among driver licence holders in New South Wales, which has been attributed to licensing barriers for Aboriginal people. The Driving Change program was developed to provide culturally responsive licensing services that engage Aboriginal communities and build local capacity. AIM: This paper outlines the formative evaluation of the program, including logic model construction and exploration of contextual factors. METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants (n=12) from a consultative committee of key stakeholders and program staff. Semi-structured interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Data from interviews informed development of the logic model. RESULTS: Participants demonstrated high level of support for the program and reported that it filled an important gap. The program context revealed systemic barriers to licensing that were correspondingly targeted by specific program outputs in the logic model. Addressing underlying assumptions of the program involved managing local capacity and support to strengthen implementation. DISCUSSION: This formative evaluation highlights the importance of exploring program context as a crucial first step in logic model construction. The consultation process assisted in clarifying program goals and ensuring that the program was responding to underlying systemic factors that contribute to inequitable licensing access for Aboriginal people.

On the road again after traumatic brain injury: driver safety and behaviour following on-road assessment and rehabilitation.

PURPOSE: To examine pre- and post-injury self-reported driver behaviour and safety in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who returned to driving after occupational therapy driver assessment and on-road rehabilitation. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire, administered at an average of 4.5 years after completing an on-road driver assessment, documenting pre- and post-injury crash rates, near-crashes, frequency of driving, distances driven, driving conditions avoided and navigation skills, was completed by 106 participants, who had either passed the initial driver assessment (pass group n = 74), or required driver rehabilitation, prior to subsequent assessments (rehabilitation group n = 32). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between pre- and post-injury crash rates. Compared to pre-injury, 36.8% of drivers reported limiting driving time, 40.6% drove more slowly, 41.5% reported greater difficulty with navigating and 20.0% reported more near-crashes. The rehabilitation group (with greater injury severity) was significantly more likely to drive less frequently, shorter distances, avoid: driving with passengers, busy traffic, night and freeway driving than the pass group. CONCLUSIONS: Many drivers with moderate/severe TBI who completed a driver assessment and rehabilitation program at least 3 months post-injury, reported modifying their driving behaviour, and did not report more crashes compared to pre-injury. On-road driver training and training in navigation may be important interventions in driver rehabilitation programs. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Driver assessment and on-road retraining are important aspects of rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Many drivers with moderate/severe TBI, reported modifying their driving behaviour to compensate for ongoing impairment and continued to drive safely in the longer term. Navigational difficulties were commonly experienced following TBI, suggesting that training in navigation may be an important aspect of driver rehabilitation.

Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ / Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Além disso, os escores do DCQ foram correlacionados com o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-T e IDATE-E) e foi aplicado o teste t para verificar as diferenças de médias do DCQ nos grupos da amostra. Os participantes foram 200 alunos de autoescolas que estavam se preparando para receberem a Carteira Nacional de Habilitação nas categorias A ou B. Os resultados mostraram que o DCQ apresentou uma estrutura fatorial similar à versão original com bons índices de consistência interna. A correlação entre o DCQ e IDATE-t e IDATE-e foi significativa e de magnitude moderada, e o resultado do teste t indicou que não há diferença significativa na média do escore total do DCQ entre homens e mulheres, mas houve diferença significativa entre os alunos de aulas práticas e teóricas.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Additionally, DCQ scores were correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T and STAI-S), and a t-test was performed to check for differences in means of DCQ in the sample groups. Two hundred students who were preparing to receive a Driver's License in categories A or B participated in the research. Results show a factor structure similar to the original version with good internal consistency. The correlation between DCQ and STAI-T and STAI-S was significant and moderate and the results of the t-test indicated no significant difference in the mean total score of DCQ between men and women, but there was a significant difference between the students in practical and theoretical classes.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Además, las puntuaciones del DCQ fueron correlacionados con Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI-R y STAI-E) y se realizó el t-test para comprobar si había diferencias en los promedios del DCQ en los grupos de la muestra. Los participantes fueron 200 estudiantes que se preparaban para recibir una licencia de conducir de las categorías A o B. Los resultados mostraron una estructura factorial similar a la versión original con una buena consistencia interna. La correlación entre DCQ y STAI-R y STAI-E fue importante y moderado y el resultado de la prueba de t no indicó diferencias significativas entre la puntuación media total de DCQ entre hombres y mujeres, pero hubo diferencia significativa entre los estudiantes de clases teóricas y prácticas.

Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ / Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de Driving Cognitions Questionnaire – DCQ

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Além disso, os escores do DCQ foram correlacionados com o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-T e IDATE-E) e foi aplicado o teste t para verificar as diferenças de médias do DCQ nos grupos da amostra. Os participantes foram 200 alunos de autoescolas que estavam se preparando para receberem a Carteira Nacional de Habilitação nas categorias A ou B. Os resultados mostraram que o DCQ apresentou uma estrutura fatorial similar à versão original com bons índices de consistência interna. A correlação entre o DCQ e IDATE-t e IDATE-e foi significativa e de magnitude moderada, e o resultado do teste t indicou que não há diferença significativa na média do escore total do DCQ entre homens e mulheres, mas houve diferença significativa entre os alunos de aulas práticas e teóricas.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Additionally, DCQ scores were correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T and STAI-S), and a t-test was performed to check for differences in means of DCQ in the sample groups. Two hundred students who were preparing to receive a Driver's License in categories A or B participated in the research. Results show a factor structure similar to the original version with good internal consistency. The correlation between DCQ and STAI-T and STAI-S was significant and moderate and the results of the t-test indicated no significant difference in the mean total score of DCQ between men and women, but there was a significant difference between the students in practical and theoretical classes.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Además, las puntuaciones del DCQ fueron correlacionados con Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI-R y STAI-E) y se realizó el t-test para comprobar si había diferencias en los promedios del DCQ en los grupos de la muestra. Los participantes fueron 200 estudiantes que se preparaban para recibir una licencia de conducir de las categorías A o B. Los resultados mostraron una estructura factorial similar a la versión original con una buena consistencia interna. La correlación entre DCQ y STAI-R y STAI-E fue importante y moderado y el resultado de la prueba de t no indicó diferencias significativas entre la puntuación media total de DCQ entre hombres y mujeres, pero hubo diferencia significativa entre los estudiantes de clases teóricas y prácticas.(AU)

Avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito: revisão de literatura do período de 2006 a 2015 / Psychological assessment in traffic context: literature review from 2006 to 2015

As publicações científicas sobre as revisões de literatura oferecem um panorama sobre uma determinada área ou tema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica de literatura brasileira relativa à avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito, no período de 2006 a 2015. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita nas bases de dados PEPSIC, SCIELO e LILACS, tendo sido encontrados 94 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 18, com base nos critérios de exclusão e foram classificados em três categorias: Investigações das propriedades psicométricas dos testes usados na avaliação (11 artigos), Capacitação profissional (2 artigos) e Revisão de literatura (5 artigos). Assim foi constatado que o maior número de estudos se refere à investigação das propriedades psicométricas dos testes psicológicos. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, apesar dos progressos nesse período, ainda é evidente a carência de produção científica sobre o tema, sendo necessários novos estudos. Espera-se que este trabalho possa fomentar outras investigações sobre a avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito.

Scientific publications that include literature reviews provide an overview of a particular area or theme. This study intended to conduct a critical review of Brazilian literature about psychological evaluation in traffic context from 2006 to 2015. The literature review was conducted in the following data bases: PEPSIC, SCIELO e LILACS, localizing 94 articles, among which were selected 18 based on a exclusion criteria, that consisted in three categories: Investigation of psychometrics proprieties of psychological tests used in assessment (11 articles), Professional abilities (2 articles) and Literature review (5 articles). Therefore it was concluded that the higher number of studies was related to the psychometrics proprieties researches about psychological tests. Analysis of results showed that despite progress in the period surveyed, it is still evident the lack of scientific literature on the subject, requiring further studies. It is expected that this study will promote further researches related to psychological assessment in traffic context.

Avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito: revisão de literatura do período de 2006 a 2015 / Psychological assessment in traffic context: literature review from 2006 to 2015

As publicações científicas sobre as revisões de literatura oferecem um panorama sobre uma determinada área ou tema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica de literatura brasileira relativa à avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito, no período de 2006 a 2015. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita nas bases de dados PEPSIC, SCIELO e LILACS, tendo sido encontrados 94 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 18, com base nos critérios de exclusão e foram classificados em três categorias: Investigações das propriedades psicométricas dos testes usados na avaliação (11 artigos), Capacitação profissional (2 artigos) e Revisão de literatura (5 artigos). Assim foi constatado que o maior número de estudos se refere à investigação das propriedades psicométricas dos testes psicológicos. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, apesar dos progressos nesse período, ainda é evidente a carência de produção científica sobre o tema, sendo necessários novos estudos. Espera-se que este trabalho possa fomentar outras investigações sobre a avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito.(AU)

Scientific publications that include literature reviews provide an overview of a particular area or theme. This study intended to conduct a critical review of Brazilian literature about psychological evaluation in traffic context from 2006 to 2015. The literature review was conducted in the following data bases: PEPSIC, SCIELO e LILACS, localizing 94 articles, among which were selected 18 based on a exclusion criteria, that consisted in three categories: Investigation of psychometrics proprieties of psychological tests used in assessment (11 articles), Professional abilities (2 articles) and Literature review (5 articles). Therefore it was concluded that the higher number of studies was related to the psychometrics proprieties researches about psychological tests. Analysis of results showed that despite progress in the period surveyed, it is still evident the lack of scientific literature on the subject, requiring further studies. It is expected that this study will promote further researches related to psychological assessment in traffic context.(AU)