RESUMO
A quantitative and simple indirect radioimmunoassay (IRIA) was developed for porcine parvovirus (PPV), employing a monoclonal antibody directed against PPV adsorbed to nitrocellulose membrane. The IRIA was equally sensitive to live or inactivated PPV. There was a linear relationship between membrane-bound radioactivity and PPV quantity within a range of 10-80 hemagglutinating (HA) units of virus. Two commercially used adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide (AH) and carboxyvinyl polymer (CP), reduced bound radioactivity in a concentration-dependent manner. At fixed adjuvant concentrations, there were, nevertheless, linear relationships between bound radioactivity and HA units of PPV. Known amounts of PPV were prepared in adjuvants according to commercial vaccine formulations. Using these standards, the PPV content of 16 commercial PPV vaccines was estimated by IRIA. The IRIA may be one practical method of in vitro estimation of antigenic mass in adjuvanted vaccines.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/análise , Parvoviridae/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Hidróxido de Alumínio , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Ácidos Carboxílicos/imunologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/imunologia , Polivinil/imunologia , Radioimunoensaio , SuínosRESUMO
Complexes and covalent conjugates of protein antigens with polyelectrolytes of different molecular mass have been synthesised. The structure and composition of the resulting water-soluble complex particles were determined. Artificial antigen immunogenicity was shown to depend on the amount of protein molecules complexed with polyelectrolytes. Direct correlation between immunostimulating activity of the polymer-carrier, immunogenicity of complex antigens and size-dependent capacity of the polymer molecule to aggregate protein globules has been established.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos , Antígenos/imunologia , Soroalbumina Bovina/imunologia , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos , Contagem de Células , Imunização , Camundongos , Polivinil/imunologia , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
Among a number of synthetic polymers under study polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to be most active in stimulating the immunogenic action of brucellosis protective antigen. It was also found that the polymer with a molecular weight of 490,000 had a longer stimulating effect on the protective properties of brucellosis protective antigen than the polymer with a molecular weight of 40,000. The intramuscular injection of brucellosis protective antigen had no sensitizing effect on the body and produced no pronounced local and systemic reaction.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Polivinil/imunologia , Povidona/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Brucelose/imunologia , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Cobaias , Piridinas/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Depletion of the mature neutrophil reserve during bacterial sepsis is rare in adults but common in neonates; when it occurs, a fatal outcome is likely. Neutrophil reserve depletion was investigated in groups of premature, 1-day-old and 1-, 2-, and 4-week-old rats by measuring: (1) the size of the neutrophil storage pool, and (2) the proportion of this pool which was released from the storage compartment when a weight-standardized release stimulus was applied. It was found that the premature rat has a small neutrophil storage pool containing 1.29 +/- 0.07 X 10(6) cells/g body weight (mean +/- SE). This pool size increases to contain 4.35 +/- 0.23 X 10(6) cells/g in the 4-week-olds (p less than 0.001). With a standard neutrophil storage pool release stimulus, the premature rats depleted 68 +/- 4% of their neutrophil stores, vs. a depletion o only 13 +/- 6% of the stores in the 4-week-olds (p less than 0.001). The small neutrophil reserve and the exaggerated release of stored neutrophils in neonatal animals are factors which predispose neonates to neutrophil reserve exhaustion during bacterial sepsis.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Contagem de Células , Fígado/citologia , Polivinil/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Baço/citologiaRESUMO
The immunogenic properties of the soluble complexes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and synthetic polyelectrolytes were studied. The polyelectrolytes used in these complexes were 4-vinyl-N-ethylpyridinium bromide and 4-vinyl-N-cetylpyridinium bromide (complex I), 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinyl-N-acetylpyridinium bromide (complex II). C57BL mice were immunized with different doses of BSA, complexes I and II introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection, and the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen was determined by modified Jerne's test with the use of BSA-covered sheep red blood cells. The above complexes were shown to stimulate the production of PFC against BSA 50-100 times more intensively than pure BSA. The mixtures of BSA with the above-mentioned polyelectrolytes stimulated PFC production to a considerably lesser extent. Thus, the polymeric part of these conjugates was not an antigen, but served as a carrier inducing pronounced immune response to the antigenic (protein) part of the complex.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿
Assuntos
Cetilpiridínio/imunologia , Polivinil/imunologia , Compostos de Piridínio/imunologia , Soroalbumina Bovina/imunologia , Animais , Cetilpiridínio/análogos & derivados , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL/imunologia , Ligação ProteicaAssuntos
Imunidade , Polivinil/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/imunologia , Hibridização Genética , Cooperação Linfocítica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mitose , Linfócitos T/imunologiaAssuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Polivinil/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Soroalbumina Bovina/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Células , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Hibridização Genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Polivinil/imunologia , Piridinas/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Estimulação QuímicaRESUMO
Observation of two patients with hair-spray induced lung disease have prompted us to study the ultrastructure of the lung lesion. We have compared the results with experimental lesions in animals injected with hair-spray extracts and with human monocyte cell cultures exposed to hair-spray. The lungs show a chronic alveolitis with a striking granulomatous reaction including macrophages and multinucleated giant cells of the foreign body type. The intraalveolar and interstitial macrophages and the giant cells all contain PAS-positive material. Ultrastructurally distinct lamellar inclusions are found in the secondary lysosomes of the macrophages and giant cells. Identical structures can be produced in animals injected with hair-spray extracts and with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and -acetate (PVP/PVA), which are regular ingredients of hair-sprays. Large, presumeably polymeric particles (PVP/PVA) are ingested by giant cells. This "gigantophagocytosis" is associated with the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes and leads to the genesis of giant cells. In cell cultures of human blood monocytes hair-spray extracts and PVP/PVA induce maturation and aggregation of these cells, with PAS-positive cytoplasmatic inclusions. The development of multinuclear giant cells in these monocyte cell cultures is also seen. These observations suggest that hair-spray induced lung disease is caused by the prolonged and extensive body response of the local mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Overstimulation of the MPS leads to a quantitative and qualitative change which is followed by a partial blockade of this system. The alveolitis is a consequence of the foreign body response to inhaled hair-spray substances.
Assuntos
Preparações para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Povidona/efeitos adversos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Reação a Corpo Estranho , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Pneumopatias/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fagócitos/ultraestrutura , Polivinil/imunologia , Povidona/imunologiaRESUMO
The histocompatibility of polyvinyl acetate (PVA), an ingredient of chewing gum, was evaluated from both a direct irritant (toxic reaction) and an allergic (antigen-antibody) standpoint. Subcutaneous injections in rats and topical application of hamster pouches were utilized. Polyvinyl acetate was shown to cause a moderate to severe inflammatory reaction when injected subcutaneously, which peaked at day 7 and was minimal at day 42. The histologic appearance of the hamster cheek pouch was not significantly altered by the PVA. Although PVA has been used as a plasticizer in chewing gum, it was not possible to induce any histologic changes in tissues which resembled the specific changes present in atypical gingivostomatitis (plasma-cell gingivostomatitis).
Assuntos
Alérgenos , Polivinil/imunologia , Acetatos/administração & dosagem , Acetatos/imunologia , Administração Tópica , Animais , Carragenina , Goma de Mascar , Cricetinae , Granuloma/induzido quimicamente , Granuloma/patologia , Injeções Subcutâneas , Mesocricetus , Polivinil/administração & dosagem , RatosRESUMO
Inbred mice--C57BL, A, C57BR, C3H and CBA strains with a high, medium and low response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected with polymeres--poly-4-vinylpyridine (P-4-VP) and polyacrilic acid (PAA), and were immunized with SRBC; production of antibody-forming cells in their spleen was determined. It was shown that the administration of P-4-VP to C57BL mice was followed by a 5--fold increase of the immune response and injection of PAA--by a 4-fold increase. Injection of P-4-VP and PAA to CBA mice increase the immune response 2.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively. In the C57BR mice P-4-VP increased the immune response 4 times, and PAA--4.7 times. Treatment of C3H mice with P-4VP was followed by a 2-fold and with PAA by a 2.4-fold increase of the immune response. Injection of P-4-VP and PAA to CBA mice had no effect on the immune response. Thus, with the increase of the immunological reactivity to sheep erythrocytes in the mentioned strains of mice there was observed a reduction of the enhancing effect of the polymeres to the immune response.
Assuntos
Acrilatos/imunologia , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos , Antígenos , Polivinil/imunologia , Animais , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Ovinos/imunologia , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The influence of poly-4-vinylpiridine (P-4-VP) on the production of antibody forming cells (AFC) has been studied. P-4-VP induces helper activity in lymphoid organs of B-mice. P-4-VP injected into mice substitutes T cell function in the development of immunological memory. The possibility of substitution by P-4-VP of various functions or of different subpopulations of T cells in T cell-deprived mice is discussed.
Assuntos
Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , N-Óxido de Polivinilpiridina/imunologia , Polivinil/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos da radiação , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Linfoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Efeitos da Radiação , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Timectomia , Timo/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Anaphylactic tests in guinea pigs and double-diffusion tests with rabbit serum produced no evidence of antigen-like properties of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO). It is very unlikely therefore that the occasional clinical observations of collapse-like states, occurring when PVNO injection is resumed after a treatment-free interval are of allergic nature. These are most probably due to erythrocyte aggregation following excessively rapid injection of PVNO, producing collapse in the terminal pulmonary vasculature by a reflex action. This reaction can be avoided by slow intravenous injection or infusion.