RESUMO
We studied sows (Landrace × Yorkshire line, DanBred Hybrid) to evaluate the possible changes in progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the uterus and ovary caused by different non-hypophyseal gonadotropins treatments: equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Varying concentrations of eCG and hCG were evaluated (Groups 1, 2, 3, 4). PR expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and labelling intensity was determined by the HScore method. In the ovary, PR expression in the granulosa cells of follicles did not differ significantly between Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) but differed significantly from that in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05), which in turn did not differ from each other. This PR expression pattern was similar across groups in the internal and external theca cells. Conversely, in the uterus, PR expression in the lining epithelium was lower in Group 4 than that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). Increased expression was observed in the endometrial lamina propria in all groups 2 and 4 compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). Decreased expression was observed in the glandular epithelium and myometrium in Group 4 compared to that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In the ovary, PR expression in the granulosa and outer and inner theca of the follicles was not significantly different (p < 0.05) between Groups 1 and 2 or Groups 3 and 4; however, the expression in these pairs of groups differed from each other. Thus, changes in PR expression may depend on the concentrations and proportions of exogenous hormones used in the treatments, indicating an alteration in the reproductive process.
Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica , Ovário , Receptores de Progesterona , Útero , Animais , Feminino , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Útero/metabolismo , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Suínos , Cavalos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Gonadotropinas Equinas/farmacologia , Células da Granulosa/metabolismo , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Endométrio/metabolismo , Endométrio/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common pathology in sport horses, presenting a chronic and recurrent course. Traditional anti-inflammatory treatments provide only temporary clinical improvement and pain relief; however, they have been associated with metabolic disorders in articular cartilage in the medium term. In this study, we generated a llama polyclonal antibody against equine TNF-α, which was used for intra-articular treatment in horses with OA. Treatment effects were assessed through clinical examination and the determination of inflammatory parameters (MMP-2, MMP-9, LDH, and GAGs) in synovial fluid prior to treatment (T0) and on day 30 (T30). Treated animals showed significant improvement in the clinical score, which decreased from 8.47 ± 2.57 to 6.16 ± 1.71 (mean ± SD) on T30 (p < 0.001). Additionally, a reduction in the activity of MMP-2 (188 % ± 82.99 to 147 % ± 40.6 %, p < 0.05), MMP-9 (100 % ± 61.28 to 74.37 % ± 64.26, p < 0.05), and LDH (239.3 IU/l ± 147.4 to 143 IU/l ± 61.21, p < 0.01) was observed. Furthermore, on T30, GAGs levels were significantly increased (1.167 ± 0.46 mg/ml to 1.439 ± 0.267 mg/ml, p < 0.01). These results indicate that the local blockade of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α reduces pain and the levels of inflammatory molecules associated with catabolic processes and joint damage.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Osteoartrite , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Animais , Cavalos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Osteoartrite/imunologia , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Feminino , Anticorpos/imunologia , Líquido Sinovial/imunologiaRESUMO
Salmonella spp. are important pathogens of foals, causing clinical enterocolitis and sepsis. We characterized the resistance, virulence, and stress response genes in Salmonella isolates from foals with or without diarrhea. Salmonella isolates (n = 23) recovered from fecal samples of 16 diarrheic and 7 non-diarrheic <1-y-old foals were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The most common serovars detected in diarrheic foals were S. enterica subsp. enterica serovars Infantis and Minnesota. Multidrug resistance was observed in 9 of 23 isolates, with 8 of the 9 from diarrheic foals. All of the isolates contained at least 2 resistance genes, with most of the genes related to the multidrug efflux pump complex. Among the 9 isolates shown to be resistant to ß-lactam antimicrobials, at least one antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) related to the inactivation of these antimicrobials was observed (blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-8). Among the 7 isolates resistant to the quinolone class, 3 contained ARGs (qnrB19, qnrB6). The occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates, particularly among foals with diarrhea, and the zoonotic potential of Salmonella species, highlight the importance of implementing biosecurity measures on the studied farms.
Assuntos
Diarreia , Doenças dos Cavalos , Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/veterinária , Salmonella/genética , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/classificação , Sorogrupo , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Genoma BacterianoRESUMO
Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic soil-borne bacterium that is eliminated in feces of multi-host animals. An increase in multidrug-resistant R. equi isolates has been reported in humans and domestic animals, and it has been hypothesized that the treatment of R. equi in foals could increase the selective pressure on multidrug-resistant isolates and favor human infections by resistant isolates. We investigated the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance of 41 R. equi strains from humans, which were isolated from patients with pulmonary signs, using 19 antimicrobials from 10 distinct classes, recommended exclusively to humans, recommended exclusively to domestic animals and used in both. All isolates were subjected to mass spectrometry and identified as R. equi. Among the antimicrobials used exclusively in humans, tigecycline and vancomycin showed 100% efficacy. Amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin, used in both humans and animals, revealed high efficacy (97-100%). Conversely, a higher frequency of isolates was resistant to penicillin (87.8%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (43.9%), which are used in both humans and animals. Among the antimicrobials used only in animals, isolates were resistant to florfenicol (46.4%), ceftiofur (17.1%), and enrofloxacin (2.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 34% of isolates. The identification of drug-resistant R. equi isolated from humans used exclusively in animals is circumstantial evidence of the pathogen transmission from domestic animals to humans. This study contributes to the molecular identification of Rhodococcus species from humans and to the epidemiological vigilance of the multidrug-resistant isolates.
Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales , Antibacterianos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Rhodococcus equi , Rhodococcus equi/efeitos dos fármacos , Rhodococcus equi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Humanos , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Cavalos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Diphtheria, a severe respiratory infection, was a major killer of children until the early years of the 20th century. Although diphtheria is now largely controlled globally thanks to vaccination, it is still endemic in some world regions and large epidemics can occur where vaccination coverage is insufficient. The pathological effects caused by its main virulence factor, diphtheria toxin, can be diminished by passive transfer of antibodies. Equine diphtheria antitoxin (eDAT), the cornerstone of treatment against toxinic complications of diphtheria, was invented more than 130 years ago, in 1890, and is still in use today. A method to concentrate anti-diphtheria antibodies from hyperimmune equine serum was described in the first issue of Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz in 1909. On this historic occasion, we present recent knowledge on taxonomic, epidemiological and clinical aspects of diphtheria agents that produce diphtheria toxin, and provide a historical perspective on eDAT treatment, adverse effects, threats on its scarce international supply, and current avenues for alternative therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Antitoxina Diftérica , Difteria , Antitoxina Diftérica/história , Antitoxina Diftérica/uso terapêutico , Difteria/história , Difteria/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Animais , História do Século XX , Cavalos , História do Século XIX , Toxina DiftéricaRESUMO
Chlamydias are zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. Our study focused on assessing the prevalence of Chlamydial species posing zoonotic risks in farm animals within the highly biodiverse Argentine, Brazil, and Paraguay tri-border area, characterized by significant human interaction. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals, that included cattle, horses and pigs. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify and sequenced chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp. in 6.5% (4/62) of the tested animals, with all positive cases found in cattle. None of the cattle showed symptoms of respiratory disease or had been diagnosed with reproductive disorders. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to Chlamydia pecorum and two to Chlamydia psittaci. We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. We propose that surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia , Chlamydia , Fazendas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Chlamydia/genética , Chlamydia/isolamento & purificação , Chlamydia/classificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/veterinária , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Suínos , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Cavalos/microbiologia , Humanos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/microbiologiaRESUMO
Endometritis is one of the main reproductive disorders in mares and due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of endometritis in mares has gained interest, given their potential to restore and maintain a healthy uterine microbiota. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of total metabolites of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) against common equine endometrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli (1), Escherichia coli (2), Escherichia coli (3), Escherichia coli (4), Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus warneri, Actinobacillus equi and Klebesiella pneumoniae), as well as to assess their low molecular weight metabolites (loM) and extracellular vesicle (EVs) inhibition capacity over a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from mares with clinical endometritis. The total metabolites of LA showed better inhibition on A. baumannii, E. coli (1) and E. cloacae, while those of LP inhibited E. coli (4), S. equi and A. equi. Besides total metabolites, loM of LA and LP can inhibit E. coli. LA EVs were more effective in preventing E. coli (2) compared to LA loM, while LP EVs presented inhibition but below 90%. The use of LA and LP in the mare's uterus may be an interesting approach to controlling endometritis. In addition to metabolites, EVs can contribute to the inhibition of multidrug-resistant E. coli.
Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Doenças dos Cavalos , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Probióticos , Animais , Cavalos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Probióticos/farmacologia , Vesículas Extracelulares/química , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Endometrite/veterinária , Endometrite/microbiologia , Endometrite/prevenção & controle , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Endométrio/microbiologiaRESUMO
Although protocols for superovulation have been described in horses, this technique has been discouraged due to the low embryo recovery rates in superovulated mares. The reason for these poor results is poorly understood, but the formation of a blood clot in the ovulation fossa following ovulations has been hypothesized. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the safety and effect of periovulatory anticoagulant therapy on embryo recovery of superovulated mares. In experiment 1, five mares were assigned to receive five anticoagulant treatments in a crossover design: intravenous injections of 150 (H1), 300 (H2), 400 (H3), 450 (H4), 600 (H5) IU/kg of unfractionated heparin (UFH, heparin sodium); and had blood samples sequentially collected for up to 48 h post-treatment to test Prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In experiment 2, four mares were treated in a crossover design with intravenous injection of 450 IU/kg of UFH and 1 mg/kg of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, enoxaparin) and had blood collected as previously for analysis of plasma anti-Xa activity. In experiment 3, eleven mares had four cycles randomly assigned to four groups. In the control group, mares did not receive any treatment. In contrast, in groups G1, G2, and G3, mares were superovulated with equine pituitary extract and treated 34 h after the induction of ovulation with a placebo (NaCl 0.9 %, G1), 450 IU/kg of UFH (G2), or 1 mg/kg of LMWH. Mares in all groups had ovulation induced with hCG plus histrelin acetate and were bred with fresh semen from one stallion. Embryo flushing was performed nine days post-ovulation. In experiment 1, only mares in groups H4 and H5 had increased aPTT and PT for up to 12 h, and in all groups, aPTT and PT values returned to baselines at 24 h post-treatment. In experiment 2, plasma anti-Xa activity was increased by both therapies for up to 12 h after treatment and was at baseline levels 24 h post-treatment. In experiment 3, periovulatory therapy with anticoagulants increased embryo recovery rates per cycle (G2, 250 %; G3, 260 %) compared to control-assigned cycles (60 %; P < 0.05), whereas G1-assigned cycles (160 %) had intermediate embryo recovery. In conclusion, periovulatory anticoagulant therapies may be an alternative to improve embryo recovery in superovulated mares.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Embrião de Mamíferos , Cavalos , Superovulação , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Embrião de Mamíferos/efeitos dos fármacos , Heparina/farmacologia , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Cavalos/fisiologia , Superovulação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evaluating antibody titers for Sarcocystis neurona for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis from serum samples is a common practice. However, ensuring timely and proper refrigeration is not always possible. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) titers for S. neurona from serum samples stored at room temperature and 4°C. SAMPLES: Twenty-two serum samples. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study. Two serum aliquots of 1 mL each were stored at room temperature (20-23.3°C) and 4°C. The unrefrigerated aliquot was immediately tested for IFA titers. Both aliquots were retested on Days 5 and 10 after collection. A paired t test was used to compare IFA titers at different time points. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between IFA titers from baseline with those stored at room temperature at Days 5 (P = .741, 95% CI [-56.83, 78.65]), 10 (P = .677, 95% CI [-50.01, 75.46]), and between 5 and 10 days (P = 0.949, 95% CI [-57.50, 61.14]). There was no significant difference from baseline with those stored at 4°C for Days 5 (P = .964, 95% CI [-81.81, 85.45]), 10 (P = 0.573, 95% CI [-109.4, 62.15]), and between 5 and 10 days (P = .5, 95% CI [-102.6, 51.67]). There was no statistical difference between samples stored at room temperature and 4°C (P = .688, CI [-55.51, 37.33]) on Days 5 and 10 (P = .104, CI [-80.8, 8.07]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Immunofluorescent antibody test titers for S. neurona are stable for up to 10 days at room temperature and 4°C.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Doenças dos Cavalos , Refrigeração , Sarcocystis , Sarcocistose , Temperatura , Sarcocystis/imunologia , Animais , Refrigeração/veterinária , Cavalos , Sarcocistose/veterinária , Sarcocistose/sangue , Sarcocistose/diagnóstico , Sarcocistose/parasitologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Manejo de Espécimes/veterinária , Estudos Longitudinais , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Fatores de Tempo , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Encefalomielite/parasitologia , Encefalomielite/sangue , Encefalomielite/imunologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two styles of classical music, based on different tempos (BPM), on the physiological and blood parameters of horses during social isolation and restriction of movements. First experiment was carried out using nine horses of no defined breed, distributed in Control, Slow-tempo music and Moderate-tempo music .For social isolation and restriction of movement, the animals were housed daily in individual stalls for two hours and exposed to the stimuli for 60 min, and eye temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were assessed. The second experiment was carried out using ten horses of no defined breed, distributed in a randomized design in treatments: Slow-tempo Music and Moderate-tempo Music. Blood samples were taken at the start and end of the experimental period to assess hematological and biochemical parameters and serum serotonin levels. Horses exposed to moderate-tempo music showed an increase in serum calcium levels, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and total hemoglobin concentration, as well as a reduction in lymphocytes. Both types of music led to a significant increase in serotonin levels after one week of stimulation. Both musical rhythms are appropriate for promoting the well-being and health of stabled horses.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca , Música , Animais , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Serotonina/sangue , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
After the previous description and characterization of Theileria equi sensu stricto (Genotype A) in Argentina, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible heterogeneity of 18 S rDNA genotypes circulating in this country. Therefore, blood samples from 18 horses from two different neighborhoods of Corrientes City, Corrientes Province, were analyzed for infection with Theileria species. Theileria DNA was detected in five samples (27.8%). Four nearly complete 18 S rDNA gene sequences were obtained and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. The maximum likelihood tree constructed in this study revealed that two different 18 S rDNA genotypes - namely Genotype A (T. equi sensu stricto) and Genotype C (T. equi sensu lato/Theileria haneyi) - are circulating in the same horse population. These results represent to first evidence of T. equi genotype heterogeneity in Argentina and also the first detection of a member of the T. haneyi/Genotype C group. Together with reports from Brazil, the results of this study reinforce the assumption that Genotypes A and C are the predominant genotypes in South America.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Doenças dos Cavalos , Filogenia , Theileria , Theileriose , Animais , Theileria/genética , Theileria/classificação , Theileria/isolamento & purificação , Cavalos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Theileriose/parasitologia , Theileriose/epidemiologia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , DNA de Protozoário/genéticaRESUMO
Decreasing speed and stride length over successive races have been shown to be associated with musculoskeletal injury (MSI) in racehorses, demonstrating the potential for early detection of MSI through longitudinal monitoring of changes in stride characteristics. A machine learning (ML) approach for early detection of MSI, enforced rest, and retirement events using this same horse-level, race-level, and stride characteristic data across all race sectionals was investigated. A CatBoost model using features from the two races prior to an event had the highest classification performance (sensitivity score for MSI, enforced rest and retirement equal to 0.00, 0.58, 0.76, respectively and balanced accuracy score corresponding to 0.44), with scores decreasing for models incorporating windows that included additional races further from the event. Feature importance analysis of ML models demonstrated that retirement was predicted by older age, poor performance, and longer racing career, enforced rest was predicted by younger age and better performance, but was less likely to occur when the stride length is increasing, and MSI predicted by increased number of starters, greater variation in speed and lower percentage of career time at rest. A relatively low classification performance highlights the difficulties in discerning MSI from alternate events using ML. Improved data recording through more thorough assessment and annotation of adverse events is expected to improve the predictability of MSI.
Assuntos
Aprendizado de Máquina , Cavalos , Animais , Descanso/fisiologia , Corrida , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/veterinária , Sistema Musculoesquelético/lesões , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , MasculinoRESUMO
Submitting late-term pregnant mares to anesthesia for non-obstetric surgery raises concerns about the survival of the mother and fetus. This study aimed to evaluate and describe transient maternal and fetal hemodynamic changes during general inhalation anesthesia in mares during the last month of gestation. Nine adult mares in the last month of gestation were subjected to general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency for 90 minutes. Trans-anesthetic vital parameters, arterial hemogasometry, cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and fetal heart rates were assessed at defined intervals. During various timespans of the anesthetic procedure, the mares demonstrated an increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic pressure as well as a decrease in temperature. Additionally, arterial hemogasometry indicated respiratory acidosis. No changes in cardiac output were observed; however, there was a reduction in pulmonary arterial and central venous pressures and stroke volume. Fetal heart rate was significantly decreased. General inhalation anesthesia in late term pregnancy in mares in a recumbent position implies in significant hemodynamic and metabolic changes. Up to 90 minutes those changes does not seem to affect negatively the maternal-fetus prognosis.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca Fetal , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Cavalos , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica , Débito Cardíaco , Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Frequência Cardíaca , Anestesia por Inalação/veterinária , Pressão SanguíneaRESUMO
Fungal rhinitis in horses is rare, although severe, due to the progressive nasal obstruction. Aspergillus is one of the fungi most often involved in these cases. A 7-year-old Quarter Horse mare weighing 325 kg was admitted with a history of recurrent nasal discharge and bleeding, foul smell, reluctance to exercise, and abortion. Laboratory and imaging examinations revealed eosinophilia, scarring and erosion areas in the nasal mucosa, purulent and bloody secretions, and remarkable yellowish plaques. Histopathological examination revealed fungal rhinitis and bacterial culture revealed the presence of ß-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus sp. Fungal culture and molecular diagnosis confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus as the etiological agent. A tracheostomy was necessary due to the patient's dyspnea. For the treatment, topical application of clotrimazole ointment was carried out in the rostral portion of the nasal cavity once a day and in the caudal portion of the nasal cavity, endoscopic guided every 48 h. In the fifth endoscopy-guided application, a significant improvement was noticed; however, the animal exhibited a hypersensitivity reaction, and the treatment was discontinued. Thus, potassium iodide therapy was initiated (67 mg/kg, PO, SID, 14 days). The patient demonstrated favorable clinical improvement, achieved resolution of the fungal infection, and was discharged after 25 days of hospitalization. Topical clotrimazole demonstrated a probable efficacy as a standalone treatment, although its use had to be prematurely discontinued due to the emergence of a hypersensitivity reaction. The combination of clotrimazole and potassium iodide effectively treated fungal rhinitis in a shorter time than previously reported. This report provides useful guidance for other cases of fungal rhinitis, although further studies are needed.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Aspergilose , Aspergillus fumigatus , Clotrimazol , Doenças dos Cavalos , Iodeto de Potássio , Rinite , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Feminino , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolamento & purificação , Aspergilose/veterinária , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Clotrimazol/uso terapêutico , Clotrimazol/administração & dosagem , Iodeto de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Iodeto de Potássio/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Rinite/veterinária , Rinite/tratamento farmacológico , Rinite/microbiologia , Administração Tópica , Administração OralRESUMO
The association between aural plaques, Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV), and the different breeds of horses and risk factors is poorly described. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical prevalence of aural plaques in Mangalarga Marchador (MM) and Quarter Horse (QH) horses in Brazil, to evaluate the association of this prevalence with some risk factors, and to detect the presence of EcPV DNA (types 1-10) in aural plaques biopsies. A total of 400 MM and 425 QH horses, were clinically evaluated. For each horse, an identification form was completed, containing information on breeding, sex, age, presence, and classification of aural plaque lesions, presence of ectoparasites, management type, ear clipping performed, and sensitivity to ear palpation. Biopsies of the lesions were taken from 30 horses and assessed for the presence of EcPV DNA using PCR. Among the MM and QH horses evaluated, 41.5% and 33.6%, respectively, had aural plaques. The MM horses showed a higher frequency of plaques than QH (p = 0.02). At least one viral type was identified in 90% of all aural plaque biopsies, with EcPV4 being the most frequently detected in both breeds, followed by EcPV6, EcVP5, EcVP3 and EcPV1 respectively. In one sample, EcPV1 was detected alone, although it had previously been described only in copresence. The copresence of viral DNA the MM 73% (11/15) QH 27% (4/15) horses. Aural plaques are widely distributed, with a higher prevalence of EcPV4. Additionally, MM horses have higher susceptibility and frequency of the disease than QH horses.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Otopatias/veterinária , Otopatias/virologia , Otopatias/epidemiologia , Otopatias/patologiaRESUMO
Vascular hamartoma is an abnormal development of endothelial tissue that rarely affects horses. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, yet the presence of abnormal vascular structures must be carefully differentiated from other vascular anomalies and neoplasms. This report describes two cases of vascular proliferation affecting the skin on the lateral side over the left tarsus and the dorsolateral region over the fetlock joint of two fillies. The clinical history, presentation, and radiographic and sonographic findings in both patients suggested a neoplasm of unknown origin. Surgical excision of the mass was successfully performed in both patients. In one patient, a second surgery was performed six months after the first surgery because of the recurrence of the mass. Histopathological examination revealed a disorganized proliferation of well-differentiated, tortuous, and varied-sized blood vessels hemmed in myxoid tissue with abundant fibrocollagenous bands. Immunohistochemical examination of the endothelium markers factor VIII and ERG revealed positive staining of the mass samples in both cases, confirming their vascular origin. The combination of these markers was effective, providing a reliable option for differentiating vascular proliferation in horses. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report applying the ERG endothelial marker to horse vascular malformations.
Assuntos
Hamartoma , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Animais , Hamartoma/veterinária , Hamartoma/cirurgia , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , FemininoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the richness, abundance, and altitudinal distribution of ticks collected from domestic animals in five municipalities and sixteen distinct communities along the Pacific coast of southern Mexico in Chiapas. Ticks were sampled from dogs, horses, and cows in each range. A total of 311 hosts were sampled, of which 264 (85 %) were dogs, 26 (8 %) were horses, and 21 (7 %) were cows. Of these, 83 (26 %), 17 (5 %), and 7 (2 %) hosts were infested, respectively. A total of 583 ticks were collected, representing four genera and six species. The most prevalent species was Rhipicephalus linnaei (68.61 %, n = 400), followed by Rhipicephalus microplus (0.51 %, n = 3), Amblyomma ovale (1.71 %, n = 10), Amblyomma mixtum (1.71 %, n = 10), Ixodes ci. boliviensis (2.22 %, n = 13), and Dermacentor dissimilis (25.21 %, n = 147). Of the identified ticks, A. mixtum, A. ovale, R. microplus, and R. linnaei were distributed at elevations between 0 and 1000 m, while at elevations between 1000 and 2000 m, only the species I. ci. boliviensis and D. dissimilis were found. The characteristics of each locality are discussed in order to explain the abundance of ticks and to assess their potential risk as vectors of public health pathogens.
Assuntos
Altitude , Animais Domésticos , Doenças do Cão , Infestações por Carrapato , Animais , México/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Cães/parasitologia , Bovinos , Cavalos/parasitologia , Animais Domésticos/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Carrapatos/classificação , Carrapatos/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Biodiversidade , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Ixodidae/classificação , Ixodidae/fisiologiaRESUMO
Liver fluke infection, caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, is a parasitic zoonotic disease affecting various mammals, including humans, and has significant implications for public, animal, and ecosystem health. This study provides the first genetic characterization of F. hepatica in Chile, focusing on the complete mitochondrial gene cox1. Samples were collected from two different host species: cattle and horses. Our findings revealed that 70 % of detected haplotypes were found in either cattle or horses, which coincides with their geographical origin. Interestingly, the use of full-length sequences resulted in the identification of 80 % unique sequences, whereas this reduced to 45 % when analyzing the traditionally used short sequences. This underestimation of genetic diversity suggests that broader sequencing efforts might be essential for a more accurate understanding of F. hepatica genetic landscape. This research underscores the importance of understanding the genetic variability in parasites to improve strategies for disease control and treatment.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Doenças dos Cavalos , Animais , Fasciola hepatica/genética , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Bovinos , Chile/epidemiologia , Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Filogenia , DNA de Helmintos/análise , DNA de Helmintos/genéticaRESUMO
Equine piroplasmosis, a tick-borne disease caused by hemoparasites of the Babesia and Theileria genera, has significant clinical and economic impacts worldwide. This study aims to characterize the heat shock protein 70 kDa (hsp70) gene sequences of Theileria equi from naturally infected horses across the five geographic regions in Brazil, and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships between T. equi and other parasites within the order Piroplasmida. Primers specific to T. equi were designed through in silico analysis of hsp70 gene sequences available in GenBank. Forty samples of equine whole blood were subjected to DNA extraction and conventional PCR targeting the hsp70 gene. The resulting amplicons were purified and sequenced. The Hsp70 sequences generated were aligned using the ClustalW method, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. The evolutionary distance within and between species of parasites from the order Piroplasmida was evaluated, as was the entropy of the hsp70 gene sequence among Theileria species. Phylogenetic analysis of the forty sequences identified in this study revealed two circulating genotypes of T. equi in Brazil. One genotype comprised the American sequence along with thirty-six Brazilian sequences, while the other grouped a sequence from Mongolia with four Brazilian sequences. The Equus clade was distinctly placed with strong support, indicating a different evolutionary ancestor compared to Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. groups. The results confirmed hsp70 as an effective molecular marker for phylogeny, yielding topologies similar to those observed with 18 S rDNA while distinguishing closely related protozoan species such as T. haneyi and T. equi. This study provides valuable evolutionary insights into the phylogenetic relationships within the order Piroplasmida.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70 , Doenças dos Cavalos , Filogenia , Theileria , Theileriose , Animais , Theileria/genética , Theileria/classificação , Cavalos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Brasil , Theileriose/parasitologiaRESUMO
Africanized crossbred bees (Apis mellifera) originated in Brazil in 1957, and since then, the number of accidents involving humans and animals has significantly increased. Although they are considered clinical emergencies, there are few reports describing the clinical and pathological aspects of bee envenomation in horses. In this context, this report aims to describe the clinical and pathological features of bee toxicity after massive bee envenomation in three horses. The horses were referred to the veterinary hospital the day following the attack, and after clinical and laboratory examination, they presented with vascular, muscular, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal impairment. Even after the initiation of therapy immediately upon admission, the clinical condition of the two horses worsened, and they died within two days of hospitalization, with pathological analysis confirming the previously observed clinical alterations of generalized vasculopathy, liver degeneration, pulmonary edema, and renal tubular necrosis. Many cases of massive bee envenomation have been documented in both humans and animals, particularly in dogs. Understanding the mechanism of action of apitoxin, its effects on various tissues, and the ideal therapy for each patient has proven crucial for improving survival rates.