RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the classification of the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in Brazilian municipalities before and after the National Movement for Vaccination and Multivaccination proposed by the Ministry of Health. METHODS: This is an epidemiological, ecological study using secondary data on vaccination coverage, dropout rates, and homogeneity of vaccination coverage (HCV) for ten immunobiologicals recommended for children under 2 years of age. The study aims to compare the years 2022 and 2023 in Brazil. The vaccination coverage index (VCI), HCV, and dropout rate (DR) were evaluated in the municipalities of Brazil in the years 2022 and 2023. The municipalities were classified into risk strata for transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases before and after the strategy proposed by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: The study found an increase in median vaccination coverage (VC) for all vaccines evaluated, except for the varicella vaccine. Regarding HCV, in 2022, 27.99% of Brazilian municipalities were classified as adequate (≥ 70%), and 410 (7.36%) achieved 100% HCV for all vaccines. In 2023, 34.90% of municipalities were classified as adequate (≥ 70%), and among them, 582 (10.46%) achieved 100% HCV for all vaccines. In terms of the risk classification for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, Brazil had 72.01% of municipalities classified as high or very high risk in 2022, which decreased to 65.13% in 2023. As for municipalities classified as low or very low risk, 11.27% fell into this category in 2022, increasing to 18.12% in 2023. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that VC surveillance, in conjunction with the Microplanning for High-Quality Vaccination Activities methodology developed by the Ministry of Health in 2023, played a crucial role in resuming immunization efforts that had been hindered by science denialism and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Programas de Imunização , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina/prevenção & controle , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina/epidemiologia , Cidades , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Lactente , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
La presente publicación resume la cobertura de inmunización en la Región de las Américas, además de ilustrar la labor realizada por los programas de inmunización de la Región durante ese año. Incluye cuadros con datos demográficos, de morbilidad, de gestión de programas, de financiamiento y socioeconómicos de la Región, así como la cobertura de inmunización reportada e indicadores de vigilancia, entre otros. La introducción de la vacuna contra la gripe o influenza en poblaciones adultas de riesgo, la vacunación de adolescentes y adultos, hombres y mujeres para la eliminación de la rubéola, y la definición de la carga de morbilidad del cáncer cervicouterino son actividades que apoyan la necesidad crítica de que los programas nacionales de inmunización realicen la transición de la inmunización infantil a la familiar
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Imunização , Vacinação , Programas de Imunização , Vigilância em Desastres , Cobertura Vacinal , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina , Dados EstatísticosRESUMO
Educational Engagement Modules (EEMs) are teaching materials for educators and students that facilitate a deeper understanding of key epidemiological methods and concepts. Each EEM poses a series of questions using a recently published paper in Annals of Epidemiology to further understanding of a specific study design and to encourage critical thinking and careful evaluation. This EEM focuses on surveillance study designs and references the following article: Labgold K, Cranford HM, Ekpo LL, Mac VV, Roth J Jr, Stout M, Ellis EM. Population-based denominators matter: Bias in U.S. Virgin Islands COVID-19 vaccination coverage under changing population counts [1].
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Ilhas Virgens Americanas , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Viés , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
Vaccinating healthcare personnel (HCP) is a top priority for public health globally. This strategy aims not only to protect HCP but also patients, reducing transmission of infections in healthcare services. However, improving vaccine coverage in HCP is still a challenge, especially because they are a risk group for acquiring influenza. Multicomponent influenza vaccination programs targeting behavioral, organizational, and administrative barriers are critical to ensure this priority population is vaccinated. Here, we describe a healthcare worker cohort study that was implemented in Peru, a middle-income country, in 2016, prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This cohort, which is still ongoing, has collected valuable information on influenza vaccine effectiveness, vaccine coverage, risk factors, absenteeism, and use of personal protective equipment, as well as risk of influenza disease, among others. These data can help improve knowledge not only about influenza diseases but also regarding vaccination on this specific influenza risk group in order to improve vaccine uptake.
Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Peru/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Estudos de Coortes , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Influenza represents a global public health challenge. Influenza vaccination is crucial for preventing complications. The World Health Organization recommends a coverage rate of at least 75% for the at-risk population. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaccination coverage among members of the Health Plan of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested within a dynamic cohort. All members of the Health Plan during the influenza vaccination campaigns of 2022 and 2023 were included. The influenza vaccination rate was calculated and reported as a percentage with its respective 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Demographic variables and comorbidities were analyzed. RESULTS: The influenza vaccination rate was 12% in 2022 and 10% in 2023. Subjects aged between 6 and 23 months had the highest vaccination rates in both periods, at 43% (CI95% 41-46) in 2022 and 48% (CI95% 45-51) in 2023, followed by the population over 65 years old with a rate of 23% (CI95% 23-24) in 2022 and 18% (CI95% 18-19) in 2023. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and dyslipidemia. DISCUSSION: Influenza vaccination coverage in our population fell below the recommendations of the World Health Organization, highlighting the presence of barriers to influenza immunization.
Introducción: La gripe es un grave problema global de salud pública. La vacunación antigripal es crucial para prevenir complicaciones. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda un porcentaje de cobertura de al menos 75% para la población en riesgo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la cobertura de vacunación en los afiliados al Plan de Salud del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal anidado en una cohorte dinámica. Se incluyeron todos los afiliados al Plan de Salud durante las campañas de vacunación antigripal de 2022 y 2023. Se calculóla tasa de vacunación antigripal y se reportócomo porcentaje con su respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Se analizaron las variables demográficas y comorbilidades. Resultados: La tasa de vacunación antigripal fue de 12% en 2022 y de 10% en el 2023. Los sujetos entre 6 y 23 meses tuvieron las tasas de vacunación más alta en ambos periodos, siendo de 43% (IC95% 41-46) en 2022 y de 48% (IC95% 45-51) en 2023, seguido de la población mayor de 65 años con una tasa de 23% (IC95% 23-24) en 2022 y 18% (IC95% 18-19) en 2023. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión y la dislipidemia. Discusión: La cobertura de vacunación antigripal en nuestra población se situópor debajo de las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud poniendo de manifiesto la presencia de barreras en la inmunización antigripal.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Lactente , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , CriançaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Infants face a high risk of morbidity and mortality from pertussis early in life, leading to the adoption of maternal vaccination. This study aimed to review the characteristics of the maternal pertussis vaccination in Latin American (LATAM) countries and evaluate their impact on pertussis absolute mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) in infants under 1 year old. METHODS: LATAM countries with maternal tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination in their National Immunization Programs were included. Data on pertussis incidence, deaths and cases in <1-year-old; characteristics of Tdap vaccination in pregnancy; and third dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis and Tdap coverage rates were collected and analyzed. The impact on absolute mortality and CFR was assessed by comparing the percentage reduction between 4 years before and after (up to 2019) the Tdap introduction for each country. RESULTS: The LATAM countries included were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Post-Tdap introduction, pertussis incidence declined notably, especially from 2020. The beginning of the maternal Tdap strategy varied, occurring between 2012 and 2019, with a common recommendation at 20 weeks gestation. In most countries, absolute mortality and CFR decreased, though variations ranged from -9.9% to 88.9% and -60.6% to 81.2%, respectively. Tdap and third dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis coverage rates declined by 2021, with rates ranging from 37% to 92% and 58% to 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of maternal Tdap vaccination varied across LATAM countries. The vaccine implementation into the National Immunization Program has reduced pertussis cases, deaths and CFR in infants <1-year-old in most countries.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular , Programas de Imunização , Vacinação , Coqueluche , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Feminino , Gravidez , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/administração & dosagem , Lactente , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This study evaluates vaccine coverage rates and identifies barriers to influenza and pertussis immunization among pregnant individuals in Uruguay. Despite free and accessible vaccination, coverage remains low due to lack of medical recommendations and unawareness. Enhancing healthcare professional training and public awareness is essential to improve immunization rates and safeguard maternal and infant health.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Uruguai , Gravidez , Feminino , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , AdolescenteRESUMO
Los países de las Américas, con el apoyo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), han hecho notables progresos en proporcionar a los niños un paraguas de protección contra las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Los altos niveles sostenidos de cobertura nacional de inmunización, la erradicación de la poliomielitis, la interrupción de la transmisión endémica del virus del sarampión y los esfuerzos hacia la eliminación de la rubéola y el síndrome de rubéola congénita son puntos de referencia hemisféricos de este progreso. Desde el 2020, la Región también se enfrenta a la pandemia de COVID-19 y se han realizado grandes esfuerzos para garantizar la administración de las vacunas de COVID-19 en todos los países. En la actualidad, los países están vacunando a grupos de edad distintos de aquellos a los que suele dirigirse el programa tradicional de inmunización infantil. La introducción de la vacuna contra la gripe o influenza en poblaciones adultas de riesgo, la vacunación de adolescentes y adultos, hombres y mujeres para la eliminación de la rubéola, y la definición de la carga de morbilidad del cáncer cervicouterino son actividades que apoyan la necesidad crítica de que los programas nacionales de inmunización realicen la transición de la inmunización infantil a la familiar. En apoyo a los países, una de las funciones de la OPS es difundir información que pueda poner de relieve los progresos y los desafíos que se enfrentan en la Región. Con ese fin, la OPS publica periódicamente varios documentos técnicos relacionados con la inmunización. El folleto «Inmunización en las Américas», que se publica anualmente, resume la cobertura de inmunización en la Región de las Américas, además de ilustrar la labor realizada por los programas de inmunización de la Región durante ese año. Inmunización en las Américas: Resumen 2023 incluye cuadros con datos demográficos, de morbilidad, de gestión de programas, de financiamiento y socioeconómicos de la Región, así como la cobertura de inmunización reportada e indicadores de vigilancia, entre otros.
Assuntos
Imunização , Vacinação , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina , Cobertura Vacinal , AméricaRESUMO
La Dirección de Inmunizaciones es una dirección especializada del Ministerio de Salud que tiene asignada la rectoría de todos los aspectos relacionados a la vacunación e inmunización de la población. Y su propósito es garantizar la implementación del Esquema Nacional de Vacunación, asegurando coberturas universales de vacunación, con el fin de disminuir las tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad causadas por las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Elaborando el presente manual como un instrumento técnico normativo de gestión institucional, en el cual se integra la organización y funcionamiento de las diferentes dependencias que lo componen, estableciendo objetivos generales y específicos, las relaciones de autoridad y dependencia de cada ambiente, así como las relaciones de trabajo internas y externas
The Immunization Directorate is a specialized directorate of the Ministry of Health that is responsible for all aspects related to vaccination and immunization of the population. Its purpose is to guarantee the implementation of the National Vaccination Schedule, ensuring universal vaccination coverage, in order to reduce mortality and morbidity rates caused by immunopreventable diseases. Therefore, this manual has been prepared as a normative technical instrument of institutional management, which integrates the organization and operation of the different departments that compose it, establishing general and specific objectives, authority and dependency relationships of each environment, as well as internal and external work relationships
Assuntos
Imunização , Vacinação , Manuais como Assunto , População , Doença , El Salvador , Cobertura VacinalRESUMO
Progressive declines in vaccination coverage have been recorded in Brazil in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced even more challenges to this scenario. Considering the pandemic as an event, the scope of this article was to analyze the politicization of vaccines from the perspective of caregivers of young children. This qualitative research was conducted in two Brazilian state capitals, namely São Luís (Maranhão) and Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). The study included families with children up to 6 years of age who were fully or partially vaccinated, as well as children who had never been vaccinated. Snowball sampling was used and in-depth interviews were conducted between March 2021 and April 2022. Forty-eight caregivers, most of them mothers, were interviewed. The study revealed that, regardless of their previous stance regarding vaccines, the health-political event of the COVID-19 pandemic shook beliefs and attitudes about childhood vaccination. The results also showed that the pandemic led to delays in routine childhood immunization and caused caregivers to seek private health services. Finally, the results reveal the politicization of vaccines as a new phenomenon to be addressed in the Brazilian context.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cuidadores , Política , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cuidadores/psicologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/psicologia , Feminino , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Adulto , Lactente , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of the full vaccination schedule for children 12 to 24 months old and to analyze associated factors. METHODS: Survey with cluster sampling carried out in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, between December 16, 2020, and January 4, 2021. Children born in Vitória in 2017 and 2018 were included. We estimated the prevalence of vaccination schedules. Poisson regression was used to verify association with full vaccination coverage. RESULTS: We included 788 children. Full vaccination coverage was found to be 57% taking a 95% confidence interval (95%CI 50.98;62.98). Prevalence of full vaccination coverage was lowest when private services were used for immunization (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.67; 95%CI 0.51;0.86) and when mothers had ≥ 4 children (PR 0.55; 95%CI 0.32;0.94). CONCLUSION: We found low vaccination coverage and a drop in booster doses. Use of private services for immunization and number of children were associated with incomplete vaccination coverage.
Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Feminino , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Distribuição de Poisson , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete vaccination in inland municipalities of Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This was a household survey using cluster sampling conducted in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia state, Caruaru, Pernambuco state, Sobral, Ceará state and Imperatriz, Maranhão state between 2020 and 2022. Vaccination coverage by valid doses and vaccine hesitancy were analyzed, with the odds ratio (OR) estimated and adjusted using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 1,847 children, complete vaccination coverage was 49.2% (95%CI 43.9;54.5). Factors associated with incomplete vaccination included: higher income (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.02;2.31), residence in Sobral (OR 4.35; 95%CI 3.04; 6.21) and >1 child (OR 1.20; 95%CI 1.11;1.32). Parental decision not to vaccinate and difficulties in traveling to vaccination centers contributed to vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION: Low vaccination coverage and incomplete vaccination were associated with social issues in the socioeconomic strata analyzed.
Assuntos
Pais , Cobertura Vacinal , Hesitação Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Hesitação Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Hesitação Vacinal/psicologia , Modelos Logísticos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Criança , Fatores Socioeconômicos , AdultoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage, delay and loss to follow-up in children up to 24 months old living in Brazilian cities. METHODS: Surveys and questionnaires with a retrospective cohort of live births in 2017-2018, analyzing vaccination coverage and sociodemographic data of children and families, based on vaccination card records and interviews. RESULTS: Valid coverage of first dose was 90.0% (95%CI 88.9;91.0) and 81.1% for the second dose (95%CI 79.8;82.4). Delay for both doses was 23.2% (95%CI 21.9;24.5) and loss to follow-up was 10.8% (95%CI 9.9;11.8). Socioeconomic stratum A had the lowest vaccination coverage and the higher the child's birth order, the lower the vaccination coverage for the second dose. Children whose mothers had 13 to 15 years of education had higher vaccination coverage. CONCLUSION: Coverage did not meet the recommended target. Differentiated strategies to resolve difficulties in access, misinformation, and vaccination hesitancy will help improve vaccination coverage.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lactente , Masculino , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/administração & dosagem , Perda de Seguimento , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Tempo , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Adulto , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Ordem de Nascimento , EscolaridadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze vaccine hesitancy associated factors and repercussions on vaccination coverage. METHODS: Cohort of children born in 2017-2018, living in Brazilian state capitals, Federal District (FD), and 12 inner region cities, stratified by socioeconomic level. National Vaccination Coverage Survey (2020) data on hesitancy, access and programmatic difficulties were obtained by interview and coverage was calculated from vaccination card dose and date records. RESULTS: 37801 children were studied, 31001 in the capitals/FD, 6800 in the inner cities. Hesitation between 38.8(95%CI 33.6;44.4) and 57.9(95%CI 54.1;61.6) in high versus low stratum; 64.1(95%CI 58.9;68.9) to 41.7(95%CI 38.4;45.8) among mothers with <8 years of schooling versus 16 years or more; 42.1(95%CI 38.2;46.2) to 55.0(95%CI 52.0;54.7) among private service users versus public service only users. Coverage: full=7.2(95%CI 1.0;38.3); 25.3(95%CI 18.7;33.3) for hesitant people; and 44.7(95%CI 43.0;46.4) for the remainder. CONCLUSION: High vaccine hesitancy in several groups affecting vaccination coverage and hindering vaccination target achievement. Access problems and programmatic difficulties contribute to low coverage.
Assuntos
Fatores Socioeconômicos , Cobertura Vacinal , Hesitação Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Masculino , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Hesitação Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Hesitação Vacinal/psicologia , Lactente , Estudos de Coortes , Escolaridade , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Cidades , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , AdolescenteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyse vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete polio vaccination in a cohort of children born in 2017-2018, in state capitals and interior region municipalities of Northeast Brazil. METHODS: Household survey of children aged ≤24 months conducted between 2020 and 2022. Vaccination coverage and dropout rates were estimated, as well as factors associated with incomplete vaccination, analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: : Among 12,137 children, vaccination coverage (4 doses) was 80.9% (95%CI 78.4;83.1); 8.4% were not vaccinated. Not having a vaccination card (OR=18.06; 95%CI 10.01;32.61) and use of private services (OR=1.46; 95%CI 1.23;1.74) were associated with incomplete vaccination. Higher dropout rates were found for the booster dose, especially in the highest stratum. CONCLUSION: Low vaccination coverage, poor dose follow-up and high dropout rates were found for polio vaccines in the areas studied.
Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Poliomielite , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Masculino , Feminino , Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra Poliovirus/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Coortes , Pré-Escolar , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate and compare vaccination coverage among children born in 2017-2018 in São Paulo and Campinas, according to the Vaccination Coverage Survey (ICV 2020) and the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI). METHODS: ICV 2020 analyzed vaccination card records. Coverage was calculated and compared to doses recorded on the SI-PNI, divided by the target population. RESULTS: In São Paulo, according to ICV, in 2017 only BCG (91.7%; 95%CI 87.0;94.7) and rotavirus first dose (90.6%; 95%CI 86.5;93.5) achieved the goals; in 2018, BCG (93.4%; 95%CI 89.5;95.8), rotavirus first dose (90.5%; 95%CI 85.3;94.0), pneumococcal first dose (95.3%; 95%CI 91.7;97.4), meningococcal C first dose (95.1%; 95%CI 91.5;97.2) and pneumococcal second dose (95.0%; 95%CI 91.4;95.0). In Campinas, only BCG achieved the target in 2017 (93.0%; 95%CI 88.8;95.7) and none in 2018. According to the SI-PNI, no vaccine achieved the target in either city. CONCLUSION: Vaccination coverage was lower than expected and more precise estimates are necessary for adequate monitoring of childhood vaccination status.
Assuntos
Programas de Imunização , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas de Informação/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Recém-Nascido , Cidades , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the polio vaccination status in 26 state capitals, the Federal District, and 12 municipalities in Brazil, among children born between 2017 and 2018. METHODS: This was a population-based household survey conducted from 2020 to 2022, which assessed polio vaccination coverage in children, considering valid, administered, and timely doses by municipality. RESULTS: Data were collected from 37,801 children. Vaccination coverage for the complete valid dose schedule was 87.5% (95%CI 86.2;88.7), dropping to 79.6% (95%CI 78.1;81.0), when the booster dose was considered. The dropout rate was 4.5% for the complete schedule, and 11.7% for the first booster. There was no correlation between campaign implementation and high coverage. CONCLUSION: Vaccination coverage for the complete valid dose schedule and the first booster did not meet the 95.0% target. Regional disparities and the association between vaccination coverage and social indicators should be taken into consideration in strategies to increase coverage.
Assuntos
Programas de Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Poliomielite , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Feminino , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Vacinas contra Poliovirus/administração & dosagem , Imunização Secundária/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Cidades , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Coortes , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate vaccination coverage and analyze factors associated with full vaccination among children up to 15 months old in the city of Natal-RN, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based survey with data recorded on children's vaccination cards and interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021. Analysis of factors associated with complete vaccination was performed by calculating prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Among 688 children studied, vaccination coverage was 45.4% (95%CI 37.2;53.9) and 15.5% (95%CI 10.6;22.2) for valid and on-time doses, respectively. Higher vaccination coverage was associated with females (PR=1.08; 95%CI 0.78;1.48) and socioeconomic strata C and D (PR=1.44; 95%CI 1.03;2.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the city of Natal has low vaccination coverage for all immunobiologicals.
Assuntos
Fatores Socioeconômicos , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinação , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Feminino , Masculino , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Recém-Nascido , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to and completeness of vaccination schedules against human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis A and B among transgender women and travestis in São Paulo, capital city of São Paulo state. METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis of the multicenter TransOdara study. Data were collected from 403 transgender women and travestis aged 18 years or older, recruited through respondent-driven sampling between December 2019 and October 2020. RESULTS: High adherence to vaccines was observed (88.8%), but completeness of the analyzed vaccination schedules was low: 12% (95%CI 8.0; 17.3) for hepatitis A, 7.2% (95%CI 3.5; 12.8) for hepatitis B and 8.1% (95%CI 3.0; 16.6) for HPV, with no statistically significant differences between them. CONCLUSION: Despite high adherence, the low completion of vaccination schedules highlighted the need for diversified strategies to improve vaccination coverage and reduce the prevalence of vaccine-preventable sexually transmitted infections in this population.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Esquemas de Imunização , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Pessoas Transgênero , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Adulto , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Masculino , Adolescente , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra Hepatite A/administração & dosagem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immunization is a significant public health achievement for the whole world, although the population's adherence to vaccination efforts remains a concern. To address this, Brazil's Ministry of Health introduced the concept of operational microplanning (OM) for high-quality vaccination activities (HQVA) in 2023 to ensure excellence in routine service and campaigns. OM is defined by structured interventions using assertive techniques to enhance the likelihood of covering a broader population previously unprotected from vaccine-preventable diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the adherence of states and municipalities to OM for HQVA and examine the relationship between adherence levels and increased vaccination coverage in Brazil. METHODS: Adopting an epidemiological approach with an ecological design, this study analyzed data on the adherence of the 27 Brazilian federative units to HQVA, as reported through the REDCap electronic form in 2023, as per an agreement with the Ministry of Health. The criteria for assessing the states' adherence to the OM included: (1) Formation of a coordination committee for the OM for HQVA; (2) Inclusion of representatives from Primary Care in the committee; (3) Inclusion of representatives from COSEMS in the committee; (4) Regular coordination meetings between health surveillance and primary care for vaccination actions; and (5) Utilization of a management tool for decision-making and strategic planning (e.g., SWOT). Adherence levels were categorized as: 0 = High adherence (responding positively to 4 or 5 criteria); 1 = Medium adherence (3 positive responses); 2 = Low adherence (2 or fewer positive responses). For municipalities, the adherence criteria were similar, excluding the COSEMS representation and focusing on the involvement of primary care representatives. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 45.75% of municipalities achieved full adherence, implementing all the evaluated actions. Despite declaring adherence to the OM, ~ 30.68% of municipalities executed two actions, 19.27% only one, and 4.30% none. Among the states, 37.04% showed full adherence by employing all evaluated actions, with 33.33% executing four actions. States with higher adherence levels to the OM also had greater vaccination coverage (VC), particularly in 2023. Municipalities with complete adherence to the OM met the VC objectives for polio (D3), 10-valent pneumococcal (D2), and triple viral (D1) vaccines in 2023. In states with full adherence to the OM, most municipalities achieved the VC targets for all evaluated vaccines in 2023, showing statistical significance for pentavalent (D3), polio (D3), and 10-valent pneumococcal (D2) vaccines. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the impact of OM on improving VC in Brazil, demonstrating that its effective implementation is correlated with meeting VC targets, especially in states and municipalities that enacted all recommended actions. Municipalities engaging in all OM actions met VC objectives for crucial vaccines, highlighting the OM's positive influence on VC. Full adherence to the OM by states correlated with a notable rise in VC averages across all analyzed vaccines. This analysis suggests that higher adherence to OM improves VC outcomes, emphasizing the role of OM in these metrics and shows that comprehensive implementation of OM improves vaccination efforts and significantly boosts VC, particularly in states fully adhering to guidelines.