Molecular identity crisis: environmental DNA metabarcoding meets traditional taxonomy-assessing biodiversity and freshwater mussel populations (Unionidae) in Alabama.

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess aquatic biodiversity is a growing field with great potential for monitoring and managing threatened species, like freshwater mussel (Unionidae) populations. Freshwater mussels are globally imperiled and serve essential roles in aquatic systems as a food source and as a natural water filter making their management essential for ecosystem health. Unfortunately, mussel populations are often understudied, and challenges exist to accurately and efficiently describe the full suite of species present. Multispecies eDNA approaches may also be more challenging where freshwater mussel populations are most diverse due to ongoing and significant taxonomic restructuring that has been further complicated by molecular phylogenies using mitochondrial genes. For this study, we developed a microfluidic metabarcoding array that targets a wide range of species, from invertebrates to fishes, with an emphasis on detecting unionid mussels known to be present in the Sipsey River, Alabama. We compared mussel species diversity across six sites with well-studied mussel assemblages using eDNA surveys and traditional quadrat surveys in 2016. We examined how factors such as mussel population density, biomass and location in the river substrate impacted our ability to detect certain species; and investigated unexpected eDNA detections through phylogenetic analysis. Our eDNA results for fish and mussel species were broadly consistent with the data from traditional electrofishing and quadrat-based field surveys, although both community eDNA and conventional sampling detected species unique to that method. Our phylogenetic analysis agreed with other studies that treat Pleurobema decisum and P. chattanoogaense as synonymous species; however, they are still listed as unique species in molecular databases which complicates their identity in a metabarcoding assay. We also found that Fusconaia flava and F. cerina are indistinguishable from one another using a portion of the NADH dehydrogenase Subunit 1 (ND1) marker, which may warrant further investigation into whether or not they are synonymous. Our results show that many factors impacted our ability to detect and correctly identify Unionidae mussel species. Here we describe the obstacles we faced, including the murky phylogeny of Unionidae mussels and turbid river conditions, and our development of a potentially impactful freshwater mussel monitoring eDNA assay.

The dermatologist identity crisis: a phenomenological analysis of dermatology trainee professional identity during generalist redeployment.

BACKGROUND: Dermatology faces a workforce crisis against a backdrop of wider medical education shifts towards generalism. A pivot towards generalism may have an impact on dermatology trainee professional identity, which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated and is known to have an impact on competence and conceptualization of ethics among physicians. Disruption because of the COVID-19 pandemic led to dermatology trainee redeployment and therefore presents a unique opportunity to examine dermatology trainee professional identity during times of pressure. AIM: To identify the impact of COVID-19 redeployment on dermatology trainee professional identity, the factors influencing identity and whether such factors affect trainees' perceptions about their future careers. METHODS: Ten trainees were purposively recruited to the study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and were analysed phenomenologically using the template analysis method. Central and integrative themes were identified. RESULTS: Three central themes were identified: trainee identity and values; redeployment transitions; and future clarity. Three integrative themes were found: tribes; sense of purpose; and uncertainty. Trainees see competence and community as central to the dermatologist identity. Most trainees experienced a reaffirmation of their prior values, psychologically retreating to close-knit communities. However, some underwent disorienting dilemmas, later reflecting on their futures as dermatologists. CONCLUSION: Healthcare crises may have a significant impact on dermatology trainee professional identity and may lead to reaffirmation of prior tribal values or disorienting reflection upon future career trajectories. Improved support among diverse communities, minimization of uncertainty and fostering a sense of purpose among trainees may aid identity enrichment and safeguard the future dermatology consultant workforce.

Psychotherapy's identity crisis: opening reflections on the historiographies of psychotherapies.

This article introduces the work of the transcultural histories of psychotherapies network. Reflecting on the comparative lack of work here, it traces psychotherapies' identity crisis, focussing on nodal points such as the rise of the term, failed attempts to unify the field from Forel to Jung, and the rise of outcome studies. Finally, it situates histories of psychotherapies within the context of adjacent fields: the relation of the history of psychotherapy to the history of science, to Freud studies, to the history of religion and religious studies, to intellectual history, to the history of psychiatry, to the history of medicine, and its place within cultural history.

Senescence: An Identity Crisis Originating from Deep Within the Nucleus.

Cellular senescence is implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions throughout an organism's entire lifetime. In particular, it has become evident that senescence plays a causative role in aging and age-associated disorders. This is not due simply to the loss of function of senescent cells. Instead, the substantial alterations of the cellular activities of senescent cells, especially the array of secretory factors, impact the surrounding tissues or even entire organisms. Such non-cell-autonomous functionality is largely coordinated by tissue-specific genes, constituting a cell fate-determining state. Senescence can be viewed as a gain-of-function phenotype or a process of cell identity shift. Cellular functionality or lineage-specific gene expression is tightly linked to the cell type-specific epigenetic landscape, reinforcing the heterogeneity of senescence across cell types. Here, we aim to define the senescence cellular functionality and epigenetic features that may contribute to the gain-of-function phenotype.

Falling into an identity crisis: Integrating identity into the assessment and management of falls in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: This article examines the psychological effects of falls for older adults through the lens of identity and suggests these may be integrated in the assessment and management of older patients within acute care and rehabilitation settings post-fall. An illustrative vignette is described to demonstrate this approach. CONCLUSION: Falls in older adults are complex phenomena which can lead to an identity threat, sometimes manifest as psychological symptoms and poor engagement in post-fall rehabilitation. A psychiatric formulation which incorporates an older person's self-identity and agency may inform interventions to address psychological and behavioural sequelae of falls.

Overcoming Past Perceptions and a Profession-Wide Identity Crisis to Reflect Pharmacy's Future.

The profession of pharmacy has come to encompass myriad identities, including apothecary, dispenser, merchandiser, expert advisor, and health care provider. While these identities have changed over time, the responsibilities and scope of practice have not evolved to keep up with the goals of the profession and the level of education of practicing pharmacists in the United States. By assuming that the roles of the aforementioned identities involve both product-centric and patient-centric responsibilities, our true professional identity is unclear, which can be linked to the prevalence of the impostor phenomenon within the profession. For pharmacy to truly move forward, a unified definition for the profession is needed by either letting go of past identities or separating these identities from each other by altering standards within professional degree programs and practice models. Without substantial changes to the way we approach this challenge as a profession, the problems described will only persist and deepen.

A construção da Identidade Médica na concepção de médicos recém-graduados / The construction of Medical Identity in the conception of newly graduated physicians

A Identidade Médica (IM) é uma contrução social dinâmica e é influenciada por fatores relacionados ao estudante, ao docente/preceptor e à sociedade, além de moldar a forma como o futuro médico exercerá sua profissão. O objetivo desta tese é analisar a construção da IM e os fatores que a influenciam a partir das percepções de médicos recém-graduados, além de realizar uma revisão da literatura atual, pesquisar os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos formadores da IM, a influência dos primeiros anos do exercício profissional e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) no perfil e na consolidação da IM. Estudo observacional de corte transversal de caráter qualitativo realizado com médicos-residentes de um hospital universitário de um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio de doze entrevistas virtuais no período de setembro a novembro de 2021 e três grupos focais presenciais, com seis participantes cada, em agosto de 2022. O material produzido foi submetido à análise de conteúdo, seguindo os seguintes passos: leitura e releitura flutuante, busca de semelhanças e divergências, classificação em categorias temáticas, contextualização espaço-social-temporal, discussão com a literatura científica e síntese interpretativa. Além disso, foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed®/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library e BVS para realização da revisão da literatura. Para a revisão, estruturação da fundamentação teórica e discussão dos dados da pesquisa, foram estudados, na íntegra, os 154 artigos encontrados. Pouco mais da metade (51%) dos artigos trata-se de pesquisas empíricas que possuem como foco um dos três eixos formadores da IM (estudante / docente / sociedade), enquanto 40% são revisões da literatura e 9% são editoriais. A maioria das pesquisas (73%) foi desenvolvida no eixo América do Norte / Europa. Apesar disso, o Brasil configura-se como o 5º país em número de publicações. O material produzido no campo revelou que as expectativas dos estudantes com relação ao médico que imaginam se tornar, a influência de docentes e preceptores e o perfil de médico exigido pela sociedade moldam a IM dos participantes. Os primeiros anos da carreira profissional constituem um período de turbulência e de conflitos identitários que são suavizados durante a Residência Médica, quando esta se configura como um ambiente de prática e de ensino-aprendizagem salutar. Os médicos-residentes desconhecem as DCN e isso impacta negativamente na forma que vivenciam as expectativas da sociedade traduzidas pelas Diretrizes. Na percepção dos médicos recém-graduados, há uma incongruência entre o que é preconizado nas DCN, a formação que é efetivamente oferecida nos cursos de medicina e o mercado de trabalho que eles encontram após estarem habilitados a exercer a profissão. Essa incongruência gera uma IM pouco saudável que é prejudicial ao exercício qualificado da profissão e gera sofrimento e insatisfação nos novos médicos. Os resultados desse estudo podem contribuir com o trabalho daqueles envolvidos no processo de formação identitária dos médicos, auxiliando-os a empreender ações que favoreçam a formação de uma IM mais saudável em benefício dos atuais e futuros médicos e da população por eles assistida.(AU)

The Medical Identity (MI) is a dynamic social construction and is influenced by factors related to the student, the professor/preceptor and society, in addition to shaping the way the future physician will exercise his profession. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the construction of MI and the factors that influence it based on the perceptions of newly graduated physicians, in addition to carrying out a review of the current literature, researching the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that form MI, the influence of the first years of professional practice and the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) for Brazilian Medicine courses in the profile and consolidation of MI. A qualitative, cross-sectional observational study carried out with resident physicians at a university hospital in a large Brazilian urban center. Data were collected through twelve virtual interviews from September to November 2021 and three face-to-face focus groups, with six participants each, in August 2022. The material produced was subjected to content analysis, following the steps below: reading and fluctuating rereading, search for similarities and divergences, classification into thematic categories, spatio-social-temporal contextualization, discussion with the scientific literature and interpretative synthesis. In addition, the PubMed®/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library and BVS databases were searched to carry out the literature review. For the review, structuring of the theoretical foundation and discussion of the research data, the 154 articles found were studied in full. A little more than half (51%) of the articles are empirical research that focus on one of the three axes that form MI (student / teacher / society), while 40% are literature reviews and 9% are editorials. Most of the surveys (73%) were developed in the North America / Europe axis. Despite this, Brazil ranks 5th in number of publications. The material produced in the field revealed that the students' expectations regarding the doctor they imagine becoming, the influence of professors and preceptors and the profile of a doctor required by society shape the participants' MI. The first years of the professional career constitute a period of turbulence and identity conflicts that are softened during the Medical Residency Program, when it is configured as an environment of practice and healthy teaching-learning. Medical residents are unaware of the NCG and this negatively impacts the way they experience society's expectations translated by the Guidelines. In the perception of newly graduated physicians, there is an inconsistency between what is recommended in the NCG, the training that is effectively offered in medical courses and the job market that they find after being qualified to practice the profession. This incongruity generates an unhealthy MI that is harmful to the qualified exercise of the profession and generates suffering and dissatisfaction in new physicians. The results of this study can contribute to the work of those involved in the physicians' identity formation process, helping them to undertake actions that favor the formation of a healthier MI for the benefit of current and future physicians and the population they assist.(AU)

The identity crisis of ecological diversity.

Developing the ecological scientist mindset among underrepresented students in ecology fields (Bowser and Cid, this Forum) provides timely and compelling strategies to broaden inclusion in ecology and environmental biology. Chronic underrepresentation of minorities in ecology and environmental disciplines (EE) is a crisis that is surprising to many, and even more surprising that, for African-Americans, this underrepresentation is more severe compared to other STEM disciplines. It is beyond irony that a discipline that values diversity as a cornerstone of ecological practice continues to struggle to achieve diversity in the ranks of its practitioners.

Attachment processes following traumatic loss: A mediation model examining identity distress, shattered assumptions, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic growth.

OBJECTIVE: Sudden or violent death of a loved one poses unique challenges for the bereaved. Research has found such losses to be associated with higher levels of chronic psychological distress. The present study explored underlying mechanisms and risk and protective factors for both prolonged grief and posttraumatic growth, considering both human and divine attachment. METHOD: In a mixed college and community sample of 374 traumatically bereaved adults, we examined associations between adult attachment to close others, adult attachment to God, identity distress, and shattered assumptions with the outcome variables of prolonged grief and posttraumatic growth. RESULTS: Correlations indicate that religious individuals' attachment patterns in close adult relationships were partially mirrored in their relationship with God. Regression analyses indicate a curvilinear relationship between prolonged grief and posttraumatic growth. Path analyses indicate significant associations between insecure attachment strategies and prolonged grief symptoms through the mediators of identity distress and shattered assumptions. Specifically, attachment anxiety in relation to close others and God, and attachment avoidance in relation to close others, were indirectly associated with prolonged grief. Attachment avoidance in relation to God was negatively associated with prolonged grief and posttraumatic growth, but there was no evidence for mediation. CONCLUSION: Faced with the traumatic loss of a loved one, the ability and desire to effectively access relationships facilitating emotional processing and cognitive reorganization is predicated on survivors' internal working model of attachment. These results inform the assessment and treatment of individuals bereaved through sudden or violent means. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A reestruturação dos papéis de gênero e a criação das novas masculinidades / Restructuring of gender roles and creating new masculinities

OBJETIVO: Identificar a visão do homem cisgênero diante dos novos papéis de gênero na sociedade brasileira contemporânea e da construção das novas masculinidades. MÉTODO: Trata de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e corte transversal, composta por uma amostra de 38 universitários do sexo masculino, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, acadêmicos dos diversos cursos de uma universidade pública estadual da cidade de Montes Claros - MG. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário semiestruturado contendo vinte e três perguntas fechadas. RESULTADOS: Foi possível identificar um maior retraimento por parte dos sujeitos pretos que, em sua maioria (62,5%), afirmam não falarem sobre sentimentos. A maior discrepância observada se relaciona com as áreas de estudo, sendo que acadêmicos do Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia e Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde afirmam ter dificuldade em ser e fazer o que desejam por receio da reação das pessoas, enquanto os do Cento de Ciências Humanas dizem nunca ter essa dificuldade, além de ser o único centro que quase nunca busca se informar sobre as novas construções sociais dos papéis de gênero. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos evidenciam as diferenças promovidas pela área de estudo como mais influentes do que a raça ­ não ignorando sua influência­ e podem apontar um caminho para expandir os debates sobre papéis de gênero entre grupos de homens cisgênero, mesclando os debates de cada grupo a fim de encontrar o equilíbrio entre informação e posicionamento na sociedade.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the cisgender man's view before the new gender roles in contemporary Brazilian society and the construction of new masculinities. METHOD: This study is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional analysis, composed of a sample of 38 male students aged 18 years or older from different courses at a public state university at Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research was based on a semi-structured questionnaire containing twenty-three objective questions. RESULTS: It was possible identifying a greater return on the part of black individuals. Most of them (62.5%) affirm they usually don't talk about feelings. The biggest discrepancy was observed among students from different areas of study. Students from Social Sciences, Math and Technology and Health Sciences claim to have difficulties in being and doing what they want to because of people's reactions. On the other hand, students from Human Sciences said they have never had that difficulty, besides those students affirm they hardly ever seek information about the new social constructions of gender roles. CONCLUSION: Results obtained show area of study as more influential than race ­ not ignoring their influence - and may indicate an alternative to expand debates about gender roles among groups of cisgender men, mixing debates of each group in order to find a balance between information and its place in society.