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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 123(1): e202410417, feb. 2025. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1585287

RESUMO

Introducción. El dengue es una infección viral que puede cursar de forma asintomática o incluir manifestaciones graves. El objetivo del trabajo es describir las características de una población pediátrica durante el brote epidémico del 2023. Población y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes con dengue probable o confirmado atendidos del 13 de marzo de 2023 al 19 de mayo de 2023 en un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se incluyeron 112 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 12 años; el 58 % fueron varones. El 76 % procedía de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. El 25 % tenía convivientes con sintomatología compatible con caso sospechoso. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea con dolor retroocular y mioartralgias. Las alteraciones de laboratorio más frecuentes fueron la leucopenia (65 %) y la elevación de transaminasas (60 %). El 21 % (24/112) presentó signos de alarma y requirió internación. La leucopenia, la plaquetopenia y el aumento de transaminasas se asociaron con la presencia de signos de alarma. Se confirmaron 53 pacientes por PCR-RT detectable, el serotipo 2 fue el más frecuente. Se asumieron como casos probables de dengue 21 pacientes con prueba NS1 positiva, 18 pacientes con IgM positiva y 20 pacientes con clínica y nexo epidemiológico. No hubo casos de dengue grave. Conclusión. Durante la infección por dengue, la sospecha clínica precoz y el reconocimiento de los parámetros de laboratorio asociados a los signos de alarma resultan esenciales para un adecuado abordaje de la enfermedad y un tratamiento de sostén precoz.


Introduction. Dengue is a viral infection that may be asymptomatic or include severe manifestations. This study aims to describe the characteristics of a pediatric population during the epidemic outbreak in 2023. Population and methods. This cross-sectional study included patients with probable or confirmed dengue fever who were seen from March 13, 2023, to May 19, 2023, in a pediatric hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Results. A total of 112 patients were included. The median age was 12 years; 58% were male. Seventysix percent of them came from the City of Buenos Aires. Twenty-five percent had cohabitants with symptoms compatible with a suspected case. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache, retro-ocular pain, myalgia, and arthralgia. The most frequent laboratory alterations were leukopenia (65%) and elevated transaminases (60%). Twenty-one percent (24/112) presented alarm signs and required hospitalization. Leukopenia, plateletopenia, and elevated transaminases were associated with the presence of alarm signs. RT-PCR was detected in fifty-three patients; serotype 2 was the most frequent. Twenty-one patients had positive NS1 tests, 18 patients had positive IgM, and 20 patients with clinical and epidemiological links were assumed to be probable dengue cases. There were no cases of severe dengue. Conclusion. Early clinical suspicion and recognition of laboratory parameters associated with alarm signs are essential for an adequate approach to the disease and early supportive treatment during dengue infection.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana , Surtos de Doenças , Estudos Transversais , Epidemias
2.
Washington D. C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1 ed; 2025. 422 p. ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1586243

RESUMO

Estas directrices presentan un conjunto de indicadores agregados esenciales y orientación sobre cómo elegir, recopilar y analizar sistemáticamente información estratégica para gestionar y monitorear las respuestas nacionales al VIH. Por lo que respecta a la gestión de programas, intentan fortalecer la capacidad de los programas para identificar y cerrar las brechas en el acceso a la atención, y en la cobertura y la calidad de todos los servicios relacionados con el VIH, desde la prevención primaria hasta el conocimiento del diagnóstico del VIH y la supresión viral. En cuando al monitoreo programático, optimizan y armonizan los informes nacionales utilizados para evaluar el progreso de los países hacia las metas de tratamiento 95-95-95 para poner fin a la epidemia de sida para el 2030


Assuntos
Humanos , Prevenção Primária , Infecções por HIV , Coleta de Dados , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Epidemias , Monitoramento Epidemiológico
3.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 31: e2024061, 2024.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39699525

RESUMO

The article draws a parallel between two pathological phenomena with great social impact in different settings: the smallpox epidemic in Ceará, northeastern Brazil, between 1900 and 1905, and the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil between 2020 and 2022. Despite the historical and temporal distance between these two episodes, there are some significant similarities in the ways they were conducted politically, especially with regard to the use of fake news and misinformation on the emergency of implementing mass vaccination. The analysis makes extensive use of press reports concerning the covid-19 pandemic and writings by the pharmacist Rodolfo Teófilo, a key figure in the smallpox vaccination campaign in Ceará.


O artigo traça um paralelo entre dois fenômenos patológicos de grande impacto social em contextos diversos: a epidemia de varíola ocorrida no Ceará, entre 1900 e 1905, e a pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, entre 2020 e 2022. Apesar da distância histórico-temporal entre eles, os eventos guardam importantes semelhanças nas formas como foram conduzidos politicamente, sobretudo no que diz respeito à utilização de notícias e informações falsas quanto à emergência de implementar a vacinação em massa. Nesse diálogo, fizemos amplo uso de fontes hemerográficas nas considerações em torno da covid-19, bem como dos escritos do farmacêutico Rodolfo Teófilo, principal personagem na campanha de vacinação contra a varíola no Ceará.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Comunicação , Varíola , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/história , Humanos , História do Século XX , Varíola/história , Varíola/epidemiologia , Varíola/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/história , História do Século XXI , Vacinação em Massa/história , Epidemias/história , Negação em Psicologia , Meios de Comunicação de Massa/história , Vacina Antivariólica/história , Política
4.
Glob Public Health ; 19(1): 2327523, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39626044

RESUMO

Over the past four and a half decades, the history of the HIV and AIDS pandemic has gone through a number of different phases, which can be thought of as distinct waves in terms of the social and political response that the pandemic has generated. Over the course of this history, there have been important battles over the meanings and interpretations that the response to the pandemic has produced. But especially over the past decade, there seems to be a growing disconnect between claims of success made by many global health agencies and policymakers and the empirical reality that these claims cover up. This commentary argues that the 'scale-up' of the response to the pandemic has essentially come to an end and emphasises the importance of a more honest policy debate about the current state of the global HIV response. It argues that this requires us to think critically about the ways in which this response has developed historically, to recognise the significant advances achieved in recent decades, but also to acknowledge the important crossroads that it has reached in the mid-2020s, in order to better define the directions that it should take in the future.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Saúde Global , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Epidemias , História do Século XXI , História do Século XX
5.
J Med Virol ; 96(11): e70006, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39529469

RESUMO

Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in the tropics is poorly understood, complicating the effective management of RSV epidemics. The main objective was to describe the seasonality of RSV bronchiolitis epidemics and the clinical characteristics of hospitalized infants over a 13-year period on the French Caribbean island of Martinique. Single-center retrospective observational study including infants under 2 years of age hospitalized at the Martinique University Hospital for RSV-positive bronchiolitis from January 2007 to December 2019. One thousand two hundred thirty-tree cases were included. Epidemics occurred during the rainy season, beginning in September, peaking in October/November and ending in December. A distinct biennial seasonality pattern was observed, with alternating years of high and low incidence. Mean duration of epidemics was of 11 weeks. Clinical characteristics of patients were similar to those hospitalized in temperate areas. Median hospital stay was 4 days. Median age was 3 months, 14.1% of patients were born prematurely, 2.5% had congenital heart disease and 41.1% required oxygen therapy. In Martinique, RSV bronchiolitis epidemics in infants occur in a regular biennial pattern during the rainy season. An accurate knowledge of the local seasonality will allow us to better anticipate hospital organization before epidemics.


Assuntos
Hospitalização , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Estações do Ano , Humanos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Martinica/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite/virologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Bronquiolite Viral/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite Viral/virologia , Epidemias
6.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 62(2): 1-9, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39514866

RESUMO

Monkeypox, also known as Mpox, is a zoonotic disease endemic to central and western Africa. Following the successful eradication of human smallpox, Mpox has emerged as the primary poxvirus-related illness. In May 2022, an outbreak of Mpox was reported in the United Kingdom. Within weeks, cases were identified in multiple countries, leading to a significant increase in its incidence. This outbreak represents the first instance of sustained transmission in non-endemic areas. As of September 2023, there have been 115 affected countries, with over 90,000 confirmed cases and 157 deaths. Notably, over 96% of cases have occurred in individuals assigned male at birth, with a median age of 34 years. While specific antivirals and vaccines for Mpox are currently unavailable, drugs and vaccines originally designed to combat human smallpox have proven to be effective in its management. Nevertheless, the global distribution of these resources remains limited, and many nations continue to face challenges in accessing them. For this review, we consulted statistics published by the WHO and PAHO from May 2022 to September 2023, along with recent articles addressing the clinical characteristics of the infection, treatment options, prevention strategies, and relevant ethical and social issues.


La Mpox, antes conocida como viruela símica, es una zoonosis viral, endémica en las regiones central y occidental de África. Tras la erradicación de la viruela humana, la Mpox se ha convertido en la principal enfermedad provocada por un poxvirus. En mayo de 2022 se reportó un brote de Mpox en el Reino Unido. En cuestión de semanas se identificaron casos en múltiples países con un incremento significativo en su incidencia. Este brote marca la primera vez que la enfermedad se propaga de manera sostenida en áreas no endémicas. Hasta septiembre de 2023 se han registrado un total de 115 países afectados, con poco más de 90,000 casos confirmados y 157 defunciones. Es importante destacar que más del 96% de los casos han sido identificados en individuos asignados como hombres al nacer, con una mediana de edad de 34 años. A pesar de la ausencia de antivirales y vacunas específicas para la Mpox se ha observado que los fármacos y vacunas diseñados para tratar la viruela humana resultan eficaces en su manejo. Sin embargo, la distribución global de estos recursos es limitada y persisten dificultades para su acceso en muchas naciones. Para esta revisión se consultaron principalmente las estadísticas publicadas por la OMS y la OPS de mayo de 2022 a septiembre de 2023, artículos recientes sobre las características clínicas de la infección, las opciones de tratamiento y prevención, así como cuestiones éticas y sociales relevantes.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Humanos , /diagnóstico , Saúde Global , Incidência , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Animais
7.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 73(46): 1058-1063, 2024 Nov 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39570787

RESUMO

Public health practitioners rely on timely surveillance data for planning and decision-making; however, surveillance data are often subject to delays. Epidemic trend categories, based on time-varying effective reproductive number (Rt) estimates that use nowcasting methods, can mitigate reporting lags in surveillance data and detect changes in community transmission before reporting is completed. CDC analyzed the performance of epidemic trend categories for COVID-19 during summer 2024 in the United States and at the state level in New Mexico. COVID-19 epidemic trend categories were estimated and released in real time based on preliminary data, then retrospectively compared with final emergency department (ED) visit data to determine their ability to detect or confirm real-time changes in subsequent ED visits. Across the United States and in New Mexico, epidemic trend categories were an early indicator of increases in COVID-19 community transmission, signifying increases in COVID-19 community transmission in May, and a confirmatory indicator that decreasing COVID-19 ED visits reflected actual decreases in COVID-19 community transmission in September, rather than incomplete reporting. Public health decision-makers can use epidemic trend categories, in combination with other surveillance indicators, to understand whether COVID-19 community transmission and subsequent ED visits are increasing, decreasing, or not changing; this information can guide communications decisions.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , New Mexico/epidemiologia , Número Básico de Reprodução , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Epidemias , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Viruses ; 16(11)2024 Nov 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39599917

RESUMO

For the first time, we describe phylogenomic signatures of an epidemic lineage of vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). We applied multiple evolutionary analyses to a dataset of 87 full-length genome sequences representing the circulation of an epidemic VSIV lineage in the US between 2019 and 2020. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we predicted the ancestral relationship of this lineage with a specific group of isolates circulating in the endemic zone of Chiapas, Mexico. Subsequently, our findings indicate that the lineage diversified into at least four different subpopulations during its circulation in the US. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiate viral subpopulations and assessed their potential relevance using comparative phylogenetic methods, highlighting the preponderance of synonymous mutations during the differentiation of these populations. Purifying selection was the main evolutionary force favoring the conservation of this epidemic phenotype, with P and G genes as the main drivers of the evolution of this lineage. Our analyses identified multiple codon sites under positive selection and the association of these sites with specific functional domains at P, M, G, and L proteins. Based on ancestral reconstruction analyses, we showed the potential relevance of some of the sites identified under positive selection to the adaptation of the epidemic lineage at the population level. Finally, using a representative group of viruses from Colorado, we established a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances, suggesting that positive selection on specific codon positions might have favored the adaptation of different subpopulations to circulation in specific geographical settings. Collectively, our study reveals the complex dynamics that accompany the evolution of an epidemic lineage of VSIV in nature. Our analytical framework provides a model for conducting future evolutionary analyses. The ultimate goal is to support the implementation of an early warning system for vesicular stomatitis virus in the US, enabling early detection of epidemic precursors from Mexico.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Evolução Molecular , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Estomatite Vesicular , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/genética , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , México/epidemiologia , Seleção Genética
9.
Acta Biotheor ; 72(4): 13, 2024 Nov 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39535581

RESUMO

Accurate prediction of epidemic evolution faces challenges such as understanding disease dynamics and inadequate epidemiological data. A recent approach faced these issues by modeling susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) dynamics based on the first two statistical moments. Here, we improve this approach by including finite-size populations and analyzing the stability of the resulting model. Results underscore the influence of uncertainties and population size in the natural history of the epidemic.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Epidemias , Humanos , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Simulação por Computador , Densidade Demográfica , Modelos Epidemiológicos
10.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 31: e2024058, 2024.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39504107

RESUMO

The issue of public health and epidemics is again in the spotlight today because of the recent epidemic we have experienced, which, although weaker, continues to be the object of our attention. In this article, we attempt to understand the relationship between the environment and public health, within this context exploring the main epidemics known to have occurred in Portugal in the Modern Age. Conditions in Portugal at that time were favorable for the spread of several epidemics; the environment encouraged the spread of disease and boosted virulence at a time when medicine was unable to cope, causing mortality rates to soar.


A questão da saúde pública e das epidemias conheceu nos nossos dias novamente a ribalta, devido à recente epidemia vivida e que, embora mais enfraquecida, continua a ser objeto da nossa atenção. Procuramos, neste artigo, compreender a relação existente entre meio ambiente e saúde pública e, nesse âmbito, estudar as principais epidemias conhecidas em Portugal ao longo da Idade Moderna. Foram várias as epidemias que encontraram no Portugal moderno condições favoráveis à sua propagação. O meio ambiente favoreceu o alastramento da doença e potenciou a sua virulência num período em que a medicina era incapaz de fazer face à doença, disparando as taxas de mortalidade.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Saúde Pública , Portugal/epidemiologia , Humanos , Epidemias/história , História do Século XX , Meio Ambiente
11.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 18(11): e0012571, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39504336

RESUMO

The Zika virus epidemic of 2015-16, which caused over 1 million confirmed or suspected human cases in the Caribbean and Latin America, was driven by a combination of movement of infected humans and availability of suitable habitat for mosquito species that are key disease vectors. Both human mobility and mosquito vector abundances vary seasonally, and the goal of our research was to analyze the interacting effects of disease vector densities and human movement across metapopulations on disease transmission intensity and the probability of super-spreader events. Our research uses the novel approach of combining geographical modeling of mosquito presence with network modeling of human mobility to offer a comprehensive simulation environment for Zika virus epidemics that considers a substantial number of spatial and temporal factors compared to the literature. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that 1) regions with the highest probability of mosquito presence will have more super-spreader events during dry months, when mosquitoes are predicted to be more abundant, 2) regions reliant on tourism industries will have more super-spreader events during wet months, when they are more likely to contribute to network-level pathogen spread due to increased travel. We used the case study of Colombia, a country with a population of about 50 million people, with an annual calendar that can be partitioned into overlapping cycles of wet and dry seasons and peak tourism and off tourism seasons that drive distinct cyclical patterns of mosquito abundance and human movement. Our results show that whether the first infected human was introduced to the network during the wet versus dry season and during the tourism versus off tourism season profoundly affects the severity and trajectory of the epidemic. For example, Zika virus was first detected in Colombia in October of 2015. Had it originated in January, a dry season month with high rates of tourism, it likely could have infected up to 60% more individuals and up to 40% more super-spreader events may have occurred. In addition, popular tourism destinations such as Barranquilla and Cartagena have the highest risk of super-spreader events during the winter, whereas densely populated areas such as Medellín and Bogotá are at higher risk of sustained transmission during dry months in the summer. Our research demonstrates that public health planning and response to vector-borne disease outbreaks requires a thorough understanding of how vector and host patterns vary due to seasonality in environmental conditions and human mobility dynamics. This research also has strong implications for tourism policy and the potential response strategies in case of an emergent epidemic.


Assuntos
Aedes , Ecossistema , Mosquitos Vetores , Estações do Ano , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Animais , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Aedes/virologia , Aedes/fisiologia , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Zika virus/fisiologia , Epidemias , Viagem
12.
Mycoses ; 67(9): e13792, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39248498

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil. Minas Gerais (MG) is located in southeast Brazil and since 2015 has experienced an epidemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to reconstruct the epidemiological scenario of sporotrichosis from S. brasiliensis in recent epizooty in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), MG. METHODS: A total of 95 Sporothrix spp. isolates (Sporothirx brasiliensis n = 74, S. schenckii n = 11 and S. globosa n = 10) were subjected to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping and mating-type analysis to determine genetic diversity and population structure. Of these, 46 S. brasiliensis isolates were recovered from animals (cats n = 41 and dogs n = 5) from MRBH. RESULTS: Our study describes the high interspecific differentiation power of AFLP-based genotyping between the main phylogenetic Sporothrix groups. S. brasiliensis presents high genetic variability and pronounced population structure with geographically focused outbreaks in Brazil. The genetic groups include older genotypes from the prolonged epidemic in Southeast (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), South (Rio Grande do Sul), Northeast (Pernambuco) and new genotypes from the MRBH. Furthermore, we provide evidence of heterothallism mating strategy in pathogenic Sporothrix species. Genotypes originating in Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco carry the predominant MAT1-2 idiomorph as opposed to genotypes from Rio Grande do Sul, which have the MAT1-1 idiomorph. We observed an overwhelming occurrence of MAT1-1 among MRBH isolates. CONCLUSION: Our study provides clear evidence of the predominance of a genetic group profile circulating in animals in Minas Gerais, independent of that disseminated from Rio de Janeiro. Our data can help us understand the genetic population processes that drive the evolution of this fungus in Minas Gerais and contribute to future mitigation actions for this ongoing epidemic.


Assuntos
Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Doenças do Gato , Epidemias , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Sporothrix , Esporotricose , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Filogenia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Humanos
13.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 54: 101091, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39237234

RESUMO

A detailed clinical-epidemiological analysis of feline sporotrichosis was conducted, and 288 cases reported between the years 2007 and 2018 were analyzed. The studied cases primarily involved mongrel cats (240/260), males (212/282), and adults (121/200). The main objectives were to identify the risk factors, calculate the monthly incidence rates, and establish a predictive model using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) approach. The statistical analysis revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between prolonged lesion evolution times and factors such as respiratory signs, prior treatments, and lesion contact. Empirical treatment was identified as a significant risk factor for disease progression. Moreover, the number of cases demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period, with annual peaks noted in disease incidence. The SARIMA model proved to be an effective tool for forecasting the incidence of sporotrichosis, offering robust support for epidemiological surveillance and facilitating targeted public health interventions in endemic regions. The predictive accuracy of the developed model underscored its utility in enhancing disease monitoring and supporting proactive health measures for the effective management of sporotrichosis.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Previsões , Esporotricose , Animais , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Esporotricose/veterinária , Gatos , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Incidência , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Epidemias/veterinária , Estações do Ano
14.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 57: e002032024, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319953

RESUMO

In this review, we discuss dengue surveillance, prevention, and control measures in Brazil. Data on dengue epidemics between 2000 and 2024 indicates an increase in the number of dengue cases and deaths. Global climate change is a key driver of this growth. Over the past 25 years, nearly 18 million Brazilians have been infected with the dengue virus, and the highest number of dengue cases in Brazil's history is projected to reach 2024. Dengue mortality in Brazil increased geographically over time. As of June, there were approximately 6 million probable cases and 4,000 confirmed deaths in Brazil, which represents the greatest dengue epidemic to date. Several technologies have been developed to control Aedes aegypti, including the deployment of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, indoor residual spraying, sterile insect techniques, and mosquito-disseminated insecticides. The Ministry of Health recommends integrating these technologies into health services. Brazil is the first country to incorporate the Takeda vaccine into its public health system, and the Butantan vaccine is currently undergoing Phase 3 clinical trials. Increasing the vaccination coverage and implementing novel Ae. aegypti control technologies could reduce the number of dengue cases in Brazil in the coming years. Community activities such as home cleaning and elimination of potential mosquito breeding sites, facilitated by social media and health education initiatives, must continue to achieve this reduction. Ultimately, a multisectoral approach encompassing sanitary improvements, mosquito control, vaccination, and community mobilization is crucial in the fight against dengue epidemics.


Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue , Epidemias , Controle de Mosquitos , Mosquitos Vetores , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/epidemiologia , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Animais , Aedes/virologia , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Dengue/administração & dosagem , Vigilância da População
15.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 1056, 2024 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39333905

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a vector-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes aegypti. The year 2024 has been a historic year for dengue in Brazil, with the highest number of probable cases ever registered. Herein, we analyze the temporal trend and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue cases in Brazil during the first nine epidemiological weeks (EW) of 2024. METHODS: This is an ecological study, including all probable cases of dengue in Brazil during the period, carried out in two steps: time series analysis to assess the temporal trend and spatial analysis to identify high-risk clusters. RESULTS: 1,345,801 probable cases of dengue were reported. The regions with the highest increasing trend were the Northeast with an average epidemiologic week percent change (AEPC) of 52.4 (95% CI: 45.5-59.7; p < 0.001) and the South with 35.9 (95% CI: 27.7-44.5; p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increasing trend in all states, except Acre (AEPC = -4.1; 95% CI: -16.3-10; p = 0.55), Amapá (AEPC = 1.3; 95% CI: -16.2-22.3; p = 0.9) and Espírito Santo (AEPC = 8.9; 95% CI: -15.7-40.6; p = 0.5). The retrospective space-time analysis showed a cluster within the Northeast, Central-West and Southeast regions, with a radius of 515.3 km, in which 1,267 municipalities and 525,324 of the cases were concentrated (RR = 6.3; p < 0.001). Regarding the spatial variation of the temporal trend, 21 risk areas were found, all of them located in Southeast or Central-West states. The area with the highest relative risk was Minas Gerais state, where 5,748 cases were concentrated (RR = 8.1; p < 0.001). Finally, a purely spatial analysis revealed 25 clusters, the one with the highest relative risk being composed of two municipalities in Acre (RR = 6.9; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We described a detailed temporal-spatial analysis of dengue cases in the first EWs of 2024 in Brazil, which were mainly concentrated in the Southeast and Central-West regions. Overall, it is recommended that governments adopt public policies to control the the vector population in high-risk areas, as well as to prevent the spread of dengue fever to other areas of Brazil.


Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue , Epidemias , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/transmissão , Humanos , Epidemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Aedes/virologia , Animais , Tomada de Decisões , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Vírus da Dengue
16.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades; 1 ed; Set. 2024. 960-83 p. ilus.(Boletín Epidemiológico del Perú, 33, SE 37).
Monografia em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ, LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1577253

RESUMO

La presente publicación semanal describe la información epidemiológica, producto de la notificación de los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud, Gobiernos regionales, EsSalud, Sanidades de fuerzas armadas y policiales, y privados, que conforman la Red Nacional de Epidemiología (RENACE), además de información o análisis especializado que desarrolla el CDC MINSA, a fin de gestionar de manera eficaz, eficiente y oportuna los procesos de vigilancia epidemiológica, inteligencia sanitaria, salud global, respuesta y control de brotes, epidemias y otros eventos de importancia en salud pública. Asimismo, la ocurrencia de brotes y/o epidemia, tales como el sarampión, rubéola, parálisis Flácida Aguda (PFA), loxoscelismo, , varicela, y otros brotes endémicas a nivel nacional para una adecuada y oportuna toma de decisiones en prevención y control en salud pública


Assuntos
Humanos , Paralisia , Picada de Aranha , Vigilância Sanitária , Varicela , Surtos de Doenças , Epidemias , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Instalações de Saúde , Sarampo
17.
RECIIS (Online) ; 18(3)jul.-set. 2024.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1580811

RESUMO

A resenha analisa o documentário Xawara e saúde, dirigido por Daniela Muzi. A obra apresenta a luta dos povos indígenas Yanomami e dos profissionais de saúde em Boa Vista, Roraima, em meio à Emergência em Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional declarada no dia 20 de janeiro de 2023 pelo Ministério da Saúde. A obra ambienta localidades fundamentais em meio a essa crise, como a Casa de Saúde Indígena Yanomami (CASAI-Y), além de escutar personagens representativos para o entendimento da mensagem da obra. Dessa forma, é propício ao telespectador estabelecer reflexões no que tange à complexidade do trinômio cultura-saúde-território para os habitantes locais, considerando, ainda, todo um histórico radical de invasões, xawara (epidemias) e sofrimento.


This review analyzes the documentary Xawara e saúde, directed by Daniela Muzi. The documentary presents the struggle of Yanomami groups and health professionals in Boa Vista, Roraima, in the midst of the Public Health Emergency of National Importance declared on January 20, 2023 by the Ministry of Health. The documentary highlights key locations in this crisis, such as the Casa de Saúde Indígena Yanomami (CASAI-Y), and listens to representative characters for the understanding of the message of the work. In this way, it is conducive to the viewer to reflect on the complexity of the culture-health-territory trinity for the local inhabitants, considering, additionally, the radical history of invasions, xawara (epidemics) and suffering.


La reseña analiza el documental Xawara e saúde, dirigido por Daniela Muzi. El trabajo presenta la lucha de los pueblos indígenas Yanomami y de los profesionales de la salud en Boa Vista, Roraima, en medio de la Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Nacional declarada el 20 de enero de 2023 por el Ministerio de Salud. El trabajo se desarrolla en localidades fundamentales, en medio de esta crisis, como la Casa de Saúde Indígena Yanomami (CASAI-Y), además de escuchar a personajes representativos para comprender el mensaje de la obra. De esta manera, resulta propicio para el espectador establecer reflexiones sobre la complejidad del trinomio cultura-salud-territorio para los habitantes locales, considerando también una historia radical de invasiones, xawara (epidemias) y sufrimiento.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Saúde de Populações Indígenas , Comunicação em Saúde , Epidemias , Saúde Pública , Serviços de Saúde do Indígena
18.
Biomed Res Int ; 2024: 3716786, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39130533

RESUMO

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne illness with substantial economic and societal impact. Understanding laboratory trends of hospitalized Dominican Republic (DR) pediatric patients could help develop screening procedures in low-resourced settings. We sought to describe laboratory findings over time in DR children with DF and DF severity from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Clinical information was obtained prospectively from recruited children with DF. Complete blood count (CBC) laboratory measures were assessed across Days 1-10 of fever. Participants were classified as DF-negative and DF-positive and grouped by severity. We assessed associations of DF severity with demographics, clinical characteristics, and peripheral blood studies. Using linear mixed-models, we assessed if hematologic values/trajectories differed by DF status/severity. Results: A total of 597 of 1101 with a DF clinical diagnosis were serologically evaluated, and 574 (471 DF-positive) met inclusion criteria. In DF, platelet count and hemoglobin were higher on earlier days of fever (p < = 0.0017). Eighty had severe DF. Severe DF risk was associated with thrombocytopenia, intraillness anemia, and leukocytosis, differing by fever day (p < = 0.001). Conclusions: In a pediatric hospitalized DR cohort, we found marked anemia in late stages of severe DF, unlike the typically seen hemoconcentration. These findings, paired with clinical symptom changes over time, may help guide risk-stratified screenings for resource-limited settings.


Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/virologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Lactente , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Epidemias , Anemia/epidemiologia , Anemia/sangue , Trombocitopenia/epidemiologia , Trombocitopenia/sangue , Trombocitopenia/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos
20.
Rev Saude Publica ; 58: 32, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39140514

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for death from influenza A(H1N1), including the effectiveness of the vaccine against influenza A(H1N1) concerning mortality. METHODS: A case-control of incident cases of influenza A(H1N1) reported in the epidemiological information systems of the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Pará, Amazonas, and Rio Grande do Sul was conducted. RESULTS: 305 participants were included, 70 of them cases and 235 controls, distributed as follows: Amazonas, 9 cases/10 controls; Pará, 22 cases/77 controls, São Paulo, 19 cases/49 controls; Paraná, 10 cases/54 controls; Rio Grande do Sul, 10 cases/45 controls. These participants had a mean age of 30 years, with 33 years among cases and 25 years among controls. There was a predominance of females both among the cases and controls. Biological (age), pre-existing diseases (congestive heart failure, respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus), and care factors (ICU admission) associated with death from influenza A(H1N1) were identified. CONCLUSION: The risk factors identified in this investigation not only allowed subsidizing the elaboration of clinical conducts but also indicate important aspects for facing "new" influenza epidemics that are likely to occur in our country.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Epidemias , Criança , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem
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