"Our services are not the same": the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on care interactions in women's shelters.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines and regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the health care sector. We explore these impacts in the gender-based violence (GBV) services sector and, more specifically, in the context of women's shelters. METHODS: Using an interpretive description and integrated knowledge mobilization approach, we interviewed 8 women's shelter clients, 26 staff, and conducted focus groups with 24 Executive Directors. RESULTS: We found that pandemic responses challenged longstanding values that guide work in women's shelters, specifically feminist and anti-oppressive practices. Physical distancing, masking, and closure of communal spaces intended to slow or stop the spread of the novel coronavirus created barriers to the provision of care, made it difficult to maintain or create positive connections with and among women and children, and re-traumatized some women and children. Despite these challenges, staff and leaders were creative in their attempts to provide quality care, though these efforts, including workarounds, were not without their own challenges. CONCLUSIONS: This research highlights the need to tailor crisis response to sector-specific realities that support service values and standards of care.

Diana Scully: A Feminist Mentor and Torch Bearer.

In this piece, two former students and colleagues of Diana Scully reflect on her influence on their academic, professional, and personal lives. The authors provide a general overview of Scully's contributions to gender equity in terms of scholarship and curricular development, as well as her commitment to mentoring students and junior colleagues. They share their individual journeys developing expertise and working in the field of violence against women, as well as their collaborations as teachers, researchers, advocates, and service providers that were influenced, guided, and promoted by Scully.

Archival oddities: Rosalie Rayner's application to take graduate classes.

In the history of psychology, Rosalie Rayner is known as a research assistant to behaviorist John B. Watson in the study of a baby named Albert, coauthor of articles describing that research, and coauthor of Psychological Care of Infant and Child. Rayner also wrote two magazine articles about her experience as a mother and the wife of Watson (Harris, 2014). Thanks to archivist James Stimpert, the author discovered that she was never a candidate for a graduate degree. In fall of 1919, she applied to take graduate classes at Hopkins and was accepted (Figure 1). However, she applied 2 weeks after classes had begun and never registered for any courses in the fall or spring semesters. Even more interesting, her application was approved by Watson on the same day she applied, which was a Saturday. The current author agrees with Romano-Lax and suggest that we appreciate Rayner's life and work without claiming her as a psychologist. While she deserves credit for her contributions to the Albert study and coauthored book on child care, her own voice is best heard when she looked beyond the field of psychology. In her 1932 article, "what future has motherhood?" she addressed the broader question of how the family could be restructured, which was being debated by feminists and other social reformers. While not consistently feminist, her perspective was dramatically different from her husband's. In Rayner Watson's view of the future, child care and other domestic work would be collectivized, as was being tried in the Soviet Union, freeing women for any activities they choose (Harris, 2014; R. R. Watson, 1932). Clearly, she had long left the laboratory, and her contributions should not be reduced to the "study of behavioral psychology" (Smirle, 2013). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Protecting the future child: Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, easy rescue and the regulation of maternal behaviour.

This paper argues that social contexts of inequality are crucial to understanding the ethics of gestational harm and responsibility. Recent debates on gestational harm have largely ignored the social context of gestators, including contexts of inequality and injustice. This can reinforce existing social injustices arising from colonialism, socio-economic inequality and racism, for example, through increased regulation of maternal behaviour. To demonstrate this, I focus on the related notions of the 'future child' and an obligation of easy rescue, which have been used to discuss the ethics of gestational harm in the context of alcohol consumption during gestation and foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). I use a feminist perspective to evaluate these ideas and conclude that anyone concerned with remediation of social injustice has good reason to be suspicious of the notion of the future child in the context of gestational harm.

Health Experiences of African American Mothers, Wellness in the Postpartum Period and Beyond (HEAL): A Qualitative Study Applying a Critical Race Feminist Theoretical Framework.

The objective of this study is to explore the cultural, social, and historical factors that affect postpartum primary care utilization among Black women with cardiometabolic risk factors and to identify the needs, barriers, and facilitators that are associated with it. We conducted in-depth interviews of 18 Black women with one or more cardiometabolic complications (pre-pregnancy chronic hypertension, diabetes, obesity, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes) within one year of delivery. We recruited women from three early home-visiting programs in Baltimore, Maryland, between May 2020 and June 2021. We used Critical Race Feminism theory and a behavioral model for healthcare utilization as an analytical lens to develop a codebook and code interview transcripts. We identified and summarized emergent patterns and themes using textual and thematic analysis. We categorized our findings into six main themes: (1) The enduring influence of structural racism, (2) personally mediated racism in healthcare and beyond, (3) sociocultural beliefs about preventative healthcare, (4) barriers to postpartum care transitions, such as education and multidisciplinary communication, (5) facilitators of postpartum care transitions, such as patient-provider relationships and continuity of care, and (6) postpartum health and healthcare needs, such as mental health and social support. Critical race feminism provides a valuable lens for exploring drivers of postpartum primary care utilization while considering the intersectional experiences of Black women.

Negative family body talk and negative emotional eating among Chinese adolescent girls and young adult women: The role of body dissatisfaction and feminism consciousness.

Negative emotional eating has been increasingly a prominent disordered eating and public health problem among young women, especially during COVID-19. Although previous studies have attempted to explain the relationship between body talk and negative emotional eating, limited studies focused on examining the potential mechanisms, especially the potential protective mechanism. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between negative family body talk (NFBT) and negative emotional eating, as well as its underlying mechanism - the mediating role of body dissatisfaction (BDIS) and the moderating role of feminism consciousness (FC). A cross-sectional study was employed among a sample of Chinese girls and young women (n = 813, Mage = 19.4 years) from a junior college in central China. Participants completed surveys assessing NFBT (Adapted Body Talk Scale), BDIS (Body Image State Scale), negative emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), and FC (Synthesis Subscale from Feminist Identity Composite). A moderated mediation analysis was conducted. The results showed that: (1) after controlling for age and BMI, NFBT was positively associated with negative emotional eating, and BDIS could significantly mediate this relationship (mediating effect = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06]); (2) FC significantly moderated both the direct relationship between NFBT and negative emotional eating and the relationship between NFBT and BDIS. Specifically, these two associations were not significant for participants with higher FC (+1SD above average). This study deepens our understanding of the relationship between NFBT and negative emotional eating, as well as the protective role of FC. If future studies demonstrate causal relationships, this evidence could point to a need for programs to prevent negative emotional eating in young women by increasing their level of feminism consciousness.

Feminism-in-Action: Dr. Diana Scully.

This essay is a tribute to the former founding Department Chair of Women's Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University, Dr. Diana Scully, by Liz Canfield, a current Associate Chair of the same department.

Sociological Understandings of Sexual Assault: The Legacy of Diana Scully.

Diana Scully intellectually, politically, and personally touched the lives of many people. Though she has left this world, her ground-breaking sexual assault research continues to influence many feminist scholars who examine various types of violence against women. This article points to some of her most noteworthy contributions to the field.

Finding value-ladenness in evolutionary psychology: Examining Nelson's arguments.

Faced with the charge of value-ladenness in their theories, researchers in evolutionary psychology (EP) argue that their science is entirely free of values; their hypotheses only concern scientific facts, without any socio-cultural value judgments. Lynn Hankinson Nelson, a renowned feminist scholar of science, denies this. In her book and papers, Nelson finds that their hypotheses do contain evaluative components. One such example is the fear of snakes. While this fear was adaptive to the environment in the past, evolutionary psychologists argue that this trait is now "maladaptive" because city-dwellers would rarely encounter snakes in their environment. However, Nelson argues that labeling this trait "maladaptive" implies that this fear is irrational since this claim cannot be understood otherwise. This paper argues that this and other arguments made by Nelson for demonstrating the value-ladenness in EP's hypotheses have serious flaws. For instance, we argue that investigating the psychological mechanisms behind the fear and their developmental and energy costs would allow for proper interpretation of evolutionary psychologists' claims for the maladaptive fear of snakes without any normative implication. We also maintain that some of her arguments fail to demonstrate their connection to the point at the center of the debates between EP and feminism. While Nelson may be right in stating that EP's hypotheses have evaluative components, she does not prove their strong political or normative implications, which is central to the debate over EP.

A Black feminist youth participatory action research photovoice exploration of Black girls and college women.

Utilizing a Black and Hip Hop feminist and Black girlhood studies theoretical lens, the purpose of this study is to explore how Black girls (14-17) and women (19-22), who are in a youth participatory action research (YPAR) mentoring program, BlackGirlsResearch (pseudonym) express their gendered racial identities and gendered racial experiences through their participation in a YPAR photovoice program. This study seeks to answer the following research question: (1) How do Black girls and college women conceptualize their gendered racial identities and gendered racial lived experiences in predominately white schools using a YPAR methodology and photovoice? Employing a qualitative thematic analysis to explore 36 photovoice narratives, results yielded 3 themes: (1) experiencing challenges at predominately white institutions (PWIs): false inclusivity, continued underrepresentation, and tokenism (2) identifying as "queens of culture": identity and empowerment through art, culture, and breaking conformity and (3) activism, inclusion, and accountability: solutions for PWIs. The results of this study indicate that Black girls and women can not only identify and critically discuss issues related to Black girls and women within PWIs, but through YPAR, they can push for positive youth development and community solutions related to those issues.

Autotheory: Toward the Embodying of Analytic Framing.

Autotheory is an emerging idea in feminist theory that emphasizes the inevitability of the subjective and embodied personal within any development, understanding, or application of theory. Autotheory offers a way to bring the sexed and gendered body of the analyst back into view in clinical practice and is a possible route to relibidinizing psychoanalytic theory. The embodied part of the "personal" contribution of the analyst will be examined through conceptions of framing and the frame, extending and further conceptualizing ideas prominently addressed within relational and intersubjective theories. Framing activity as a developmental goal for psychoanalytic process is considered in relation to the ways in which autotheoretical texts enact or depict the unceasing interplay of relational experience and theory that forms subjectivity. A clinical vignette describes the experience of framing activity during remote videoconference therapy.

[Gabriela Mistral and motherhood]. / Gabriela Mistral y la maternidad.

Gabriela Mistral, an active promoter of women's emancipation since her adolescence, wrote that the essence of femininity was found in motherhood. This would make our Nobel Prize winner an influential exponent of a feminism that vindicates women's rights based on equality with men, but also on the intrinsic and unique capacity that it has to capture life. However, our poet claimed that being a woman was not limited to biological motherhood and that this, at the same time, went beyond its biological nature, expanding to cultural creation. To demonstrate the above, the author delves into Gabriela Mistral's prose, poetry, private correspondence, and personal diaries, to argue that she lived an ideal life as a material (adoptive) mother and an independent and spiritual woman (poet, political, and mystique), who tried to reconcile all these roles, achieving an astoundingly full life.

Critical perspectives on leadership identity development.

This article draws on critical race theory, intersectionality, critical feminism, queer and indigenous paradigms to critique existing approaches to leader/ leadership identity development (LID) and to illuminate how people from marginalized and oppressed communities can experience more just and equitable pathways to leadership. It offers recommendations for practice about how to create new possibilities for LID that counters patriarchal, white supremacist, hetero, and cis normative contexts. Liberatory pedagogies are suggested as ways to center social justice in LID.

LGBTQIA+ et Planning familial : la question des minorisé·e·s en raison de leur sexe ou de leur genre dans une association féministe pour le droit à la santé sexuelle.

Historically mobilized on access to contraception and abortion of women, Planning familial is a feminist and popular education organization whose struggles for universal access to sexual health have gradually spread to sexual and gender minorities. Today, a majority of the local associations of the movement lead actions with and for LGBTQIA+ people: inclusion of the topic in sex education sessions, individual reception, support group, medical examination… most of the time in collaboration with local organization of concerned persons. If feminism and the experience of Planning familial are strengths, its inclusive stance and the fact that it is not a communautary organization can be a challenge, or even an obstacle.

The whole is more than the sum of its parts: A qualitative investigation of body-dissatisfied college women's experiences of relational body image.

Research on relational body image suggests that women's body image changes across their important relationships, with women most at risk for maladaptive body image reporting the most extreme changes. To enrich our understanding of relational body image beyond that offered by prior psychologically-based quantitative research, the present study integrated critical-feminist approaches. Eighteen female-identified university students participated in a one-on-one semi-structured interview. Each participant first completed ratings of her body image across seven important relationships, which the interviewer used to create a graph depicting her relational body image. The interviewer shared the graph with the participant to prompt reflection on her subjective experiences of relational body image and asked her a series of questions. Reflexive thematic analysis, informed by a critical-realist framework, was used to identify themes. One overarching theme, "The Whole Is More than The Sum of Its Parts," demonstrated how relational body image may be understood as a unique configuration of interconnected factors within a specific relationship. Three subthemes then highlighted how interpersonal, idiographic, and systemic factors come together to influence subjective experiences of relational body image. The present results suggest that personalized treatment targets within specific relationships may be a worthwhile focus for future body image interventions.

La economía feminista. Camino hacia la construcción de un paradigma alternativo. Ideas para seguir debatiendo / The feminist economy. Path towards the construction of an alternative paradigm. Ideas for further discussion

El abordaje onto epistémico de este ensayo se desarrolla en tres grandes miradas: un desarrollo gnoseológico orientado a precisar diferentes posicionamientos de la economía feminista como un movimiento político, herramienta de lucha y resistencia para enfrentar un modelo económico misógino, patriarcal, excluyente y a espaldas de la vida. Seguidamente, se precisan aspectos relevantes de su historicidad, partiendo de las figuras más resaltantes de la economía neoclásica. El hombre dentro de esta perspectiva (Homus Economicus), es el motor de la producción de riqueza, el agente económico por excelencia. Modelo donde no aparecen las relaciones sociales, las mujeres, la vida… Solo producir y consumir. Finalmente, se destaca toda una serie de avances y desafíos. Dentro de estas nuevas perspectivas, se pone especial atención a las relaciones de cuidado y afecto que se producen en los hogares como trabajo no remunerado. El cuidado de la vida humana toma el escenario, exigiendo nuevas perspectivas de análisis y la ampliación de fronteras a fin de destacar su relevancia social y económica; a partir de la utilización de estrategias para la valoración de la producción doméstica incorporando nuevas propuestas sobre el manejo de las estadísticas con lentes de género. El presupuesto gubernamental, se debe presentar desagregado y analizado el efecto de políticas de gastos e ingresos de manera diferenciada y situada(AU)

The ontologic epistemic approach in this essay is developed in three main perspectives: a gnoseological development aimed at specifying different positions of feminist economics as a political movement, a tool of struggle and resistance to face a misogynistic, patriarchal, exclusionary economic model behind the back of life. Next, relevant aspects of its historicity are specified, starting from the most outstanding figures of neoclassical economics. Man within this perspective (Homus Economicus), is the engine of the production of wealth, the economic agent par excellence. Model where social relationships, women, life do, not appear... Just produce and consume. Finally, a whole series of advances and challenges are highlighted. Within these new perspectives, special attention is paid to the relationships of care and affection that occur in households as unpaid work. The care of human life takes the stage, demanding new perspectives of analysis and the expansion of borders in order to highlight its social and economic relevance; from the use of strategies for the valuation of domestic production, incorporating new proposals on the management of statistics with gender lenses. The government Budget, should be presented disaggregated, and the effect of expenditure and revenue policies should be analyzed in a differentiated and situated manner(AU)

Centering Home Care in Bioethics Scholarship, Education, and Practice.

This commentary responds to "Home Care in America: The Urgent Challenge of Putting Ethical Care into Practice," by Coleman Solis and colleagues, in the May-June 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report. More specifically, we respond to the authors' call for "inquiry into the nature, value, and practice" of home care. We argue that the most urgently needed normative reset for thinking about care work is the replacement of dominant individualistic thinking with systemic thinking. Deepening a focus on the social, economic, and historical forces that shape the state of contemporary care work will help bioethicists to argue more effectively for improvements to working conditions. In turn, better working conditions will ease the oppositional stance between caregivers and receivers that has been set up by the current system, enabling all parties involved to better pursue the feminist ethical ideal of care.

Loose Attitudes: Politics of Self-Knowledge in Our Bodies, Ourselves and The House of God.

Readers of Samuel Shem's medical satire The House of God (1978) have long worried about the bad attitude of his main characters: young male internal medicine trainees. This article examines the interns' atrocious affections, using the feminist classic Our Bodies, Ourselves (1973) as a counterweight to the masculinist perspective of House of God. These radically different critiques of United States medicine derive from a shared sociopolitical context and represent a historically specific response to the personal politics of sexual liberation and self-actualization in the 1970s. I show that Shem and the Boston Women's Health Book Collective share a rhetorical strategy of "loose expertise" grounded in embodied knowledge, which connects both texts to the radical social movements of the late 1960s. Loose expertise enables institutional critique by shifting the domain of knowledge away from traditional structures of authority, but inhibits intersectional critique by essentializing the individual subject position of the author. The article concludes by examining the relationship of both texts to the medical humanities.

Saberes intactos, saberes en contacto. Una revisión feminista del significado del contacto en los debates contemporáneos sobre las relaciones clínicas / From “intact knowledge” to “knowledge in contact”. A feminist review of the meaning of “contact” in contemporary debates about clinical relationships

En la última década, profesionales de la biomedicina han propuesto varios modelos que parecen plantear un papel renovado y esperanzador para las y los pacientes en las relaciones clínicas. Se trata del modelo de paciente inteligente (“smart patient”) y de otras propuestas procedentes de corrientes humanizadoras de la medicina. En este artículo analizo críticamente el modelo del “smart patient” como un ensamblaje histórico contemporáneo que refleja una tendencia aparentemente positiva en la biomedicina: la revalorización del “contacto” entre profesionales y pacientes, y el fomento de la participación y educación de estas últimas para estar mejor informadas y digitalizadas. Sin embargo, ¿implica esta puesta en valor del contacto una transformación de los saberes expertos? Tomando como guía esta pregunta, en este artículo analizo los límites de los modelos emergentes, y aporto una relectura basada en la perspectiva del contacto. Para ello contrasto dichos modelos, que mantienen los saberes profesionales epistémicamente intactos, con el enfoque de dos trabajos clásicos de la antropología feminista, publicados hace dos décadas, y que abordan críticamente la llamada “Evidence-Based Obstetrics” (Obstetricia Basada en la Evidencia), poniéndolos en diálogo con lecturas fenomenológicas que trascienden una visión del cuerpo basada en el binomio generizado cuerpo / mente. El objetivo es abordar la clínica como una zona de contacto que hay que entender en contextos (g)locales específicos. Este análisis presenta un valor crítico para el presente pues permite argumentar a favor de encuentros ‒entre profesionales, pacientes y organizaciones‒ asentados sobre reequilibrios epistémicos; yendo más allá de modelos de relación que excluyen los conocimientos y experiencias de quienes padecen y con la finalidad de preservar intacto el papel único de los saberes biomédicos.(AU)

In the last decade, medical professionals have proposed an apparently renewed and hopeful role for patients in their relationship with professionals, namely the “smart patient” model and other proposals coming from humanizing medical trends. In this article, I critically analyze the “smart patient” model as a contemporary historical assemblage that reflects an apparent trend in biomedicine: the revaluation of “contact”, between professionals and patients, and the promotion of patient participation and education to be better informed. However, does this enhancement of contact implies, within the relationship, a transformation of the consideration of biomedical expert knowledge? To answer this question, I analyze the limits of emerging models, and I provide a rereading of the contact perspective. I contrast this perspective with the approach of two classic works of feminist anthropology, published two decades ago, and which critically address the so-called “Evidence-Based Obstetrics”. I will put these works into dialogue with phenomenological readings that transcend a vision of the body based on the gendered binary body / mind. These dialogues will allow me to delve into the proposal to analyze the clinic as a space for the creation of “contact zones” in specific (g)local contexts. This analysis has a critical value for the present. It will also allow me to argue in favor of encounters ‒between transdisciplinary professional teams, patients and organizations- that look for an epistemic rebalancing that embraces the experiential knowledge of those who suffer. These encounters I am proposing do not leave medical knowledge intact.(AU)